Added reference tracking to template arguments. Not fully tested, complete solution to ticket #838.

Cython/Compiler/DebugFlags.py

 # Can be enabled at the command line with --debug-xxx.
 
 debug_disposal_code = 0
-debug_temp_alloc = 0
+debug_temp_alloc = 1
 debug_coercion = 0
 
 # Write comments into the C code that show where temporary variables

Cython/Compiler/Nodes.py

@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ class TemplatedTypeNode(CBaseTypeNode):
                         error(template_node.pos, "unknown type in template argument")
                         return error_type
                     template_types.append(type)
-                self.type = base_type.specialize_here(self.pos, template_types)
+                self.type = base_type.specialize_here(self.pos, template_types, is_reference=self.is_reference)
 
         elif base_type.is_pyobject:
             # Buffer
@@ -2821,7 +2821,6 @@ class DefNode(FuncDefNode):
                     error(arg.pos, "Only Python type arguments can have 'not None'")
                 if arg.or_none:
                     error(arg.pos, "Only Python type arguments can have 'or None'")
-
         env.fused_to_specific = f2s
 
     def analyse_signature(self, env):

Cython/Compiler/Parsing.py

@@ -2168,7 +2168,8 @@ def p_buffer_or_template(s, base_type_node, templates):
     result = Nodes.TemplatedTypeNode(pos,
         positional_args = positional_args,
         keyword_args = keyword_dict,
-        base_type_node = base_type_node)
+        base_type_node = base_type_node,
+        is_reference = (s.sy == '&'))
     return result
 
 def p_bracketed_base_type(s, base_type_node, nonempty, empty):

Cython/Compiler/PyrexTypes.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from .Code import UtilityCode, LazyUtilityCode, TempitaUtilityCode
 from . import StringEncoding
 from . import Naming
 
-from .Errors import error
+from .Errors import error, warning
 
 
 class BaseType(object):
@@ -3217,7 +3217,7 @@ class CppClassType(CType):
 
     subtypes = ['templates']
 
-    def __init__(self, name, scope, cname, base_classes, templates = None, template_type = None):
+    def __init__(self, name, scope, cname, base_classes, templates = None, template_type = None, is_reference = False):
         self.name = name
         self.cname = cname
         self.scope = scope
@@ -3227,6 +3227,7 @@ class CppClassType(CType):
         self.template_type = template_type
         self.specializations = {}
         self.is_cpp_string = cname in cpp_string_conversions
+        self.is_reference = is_reference
 
     def use_conversion_utility(self, from_or_to):
         pass
@@ -3286,6 +3287,10 @@ class CppClassType(CType):
                 tags = type_identifier(self),
             else:
                 cls = self.cname[5:]
+
+            if self.is_reference:
+                warning("dwqkokw", -1)
+                print "warned"
             cname = '__pyx_convert_%s_from_py_%s' % (cls, '__and_'.join(tags))
             context = {
                 'template_type_declarations': '\n'.join(declarations),
@@ -3350,7 +3355,7 @@ class CppClassType(CType):
                 T.get_fused_types(result, seen)
         return result
 
-    def specialize_here(self, pos, template_values = None):
+    def specialize_here(self, pos, template_values = None, is_reference = False):
         if not self.is_template_type():
             error(pos, "'%s' type is not a template" % self)
             return error_type
@@ -3366,19 +3371,19 @@ class CppClassType(CType):
                       "Python object type '%s' cannot be used as a template argument" % value)
         if has_object_template_param:
             return error_type
-        return self.specialize(dict(zip(self.templates, template_values)))
+        return self.specialize(dict(zip(self.templates, template_values)), is_reference)
 
-    def specialize(self, values):
+    def specialize(self, values, is_reference = False):
         if not self.templates and not self.namespace:
             return self
         if self.templates is None:
             self.templates = []
-        key = tuple(values.items())
+        key = tuple(values.items() + [is_reference]) # Python 3?
         if key in self.specializations:
             return self.specializations[key]
         template_values = [t.specialize(values) for t in self.templates]
         specialized = self.specializations[key] = \
-            CppClassType(self.name, None, self.cname, [], template_values, template_type=self)
+            CppClassType(self.name, None, self.cname, [], template_values, template_type=self, is_reference=is_reference)
         # Need to do these *after* self.specializations[key] is set
         # to avoid infinite recursion on circular references.
         specialized.base_classes = [b.specialize(values) for b in self.base_classes]