Merge remote branch 'upstream/master'

Cython/Compiler/Nodes.py

@@ -607,9 +607,6 @@ class CFuncDeclaratorNode(CDeclaratorNode):
                             error(self.exception_value.pos,
                                   "Exception value incompatible with function return type")
             exc_check = self.exception_check
-        if return_type.is_array:
-            error(self.pos,
-                "Function cannot return an array")
         if return_type.is_cfunction:
             error(self.pos,
                 "Function cannot return a function")
@@ -1658,6 +1655,9 @@ class CFuncDefNode(FuncDefNode):
             api = self.api, modifiers = self.modifiers)
         self.entry.inline_func_in_pxd = self.inline_in_pxd
         self.return_type = type.return_type
+        if self.return_type.is_array and visibility != 'extern':
+            error(self.pos,
+                "Function cannot return an array")
 
         if self.overridable and not env.is_module_scope:
             if len(self.args) < 1 or not self.args[0].type.is_pyobject:

Cython/Compiler/Optimize.py

@@ -1937,7 +1937,7 @@ class OptimizeBuiltinCalls(Visitor.EnvTransform):
                 node.pos, cfunc_name, self.PyObject_Size_func_type,
                 args = [arg],
                 is_temp = node.is_temp)
-        elif arg.type is PyrexTypes.c_py_unicode_type:
+        elif arg.type.is_unicode_char:
             return ExprNodes.IntNode(node.pos, value='1', constant_result=1,
                                      type=node.type)
         else:
@@ -1995,14 +1995,15 @@ class OptimizeBuiltinCalls(Visitor.EnvTransform):
                         builtin_type = entry.type
             if builtin_type and builtin_type is not Builtin.type_type:
                 type_check_function = entry.type.type_check_function(exact=False)
+                if type_check_function in tests:
+                    continue
+                tests.append(type_check_function)
                 type_check_args = [arg]
             elif test_type_node.type is Builtin.type_type:
                 type_check_function = '__Pyx_TypeCheck'
                 type_check_args = [arg, test_type_node]
             else:
                 return node
-            if type_check_function not in tests:
-                tests.append(type_check_function)
             test_nodes.append(
                 ExprNodes.PythonCapiCallNode(
                     test_type_node.pos, type_check_function, self.Py_type_check_func_type,
@@ -2028,7 +2029,7 @@ class OptimizeBuiltinCalls(Visitor.EnvTransform):
             return node
         arg = pos_args[0]
         if isinstance(arg, ExprNodes.CoerceToPyTypeNode):
-            if arg.arg.type is PyrexTypes.c_py_unicode_type:
+            if arg.arg.type.is_unicode_char:
                 return arg.arg.coerce_to(node.type, self.current_env())
         return node
 
@@ -2191,7 +2192,7 @@ class OptimizeBuiltinCalls(Visitor.EnvTransform):
             return node
         ustring = args[0]
         if not isinstance(ustring, ExprNodes.CoerceToPyTypeNode) or \
-               ustring.arg.type is not PyrexTypes.c_py_unicode_type:
+               not ustring.arg.type.is_unicode_char:
             return node
         uchar = ustring.arg
         method_name = node.function.attribute
@@ -2230,7 +2231,7 @@ class OptimizeBuiltinCalls(Visitor.EnvTransform):
             return node
         ustring = args[0]
         if not isinstance(ustring, ExprNodes.CoerceToPyTypeNode) or \
-               ustring.arg.type is not PyrexTypes.c_py_unicode_type:
+               not ustring.arg.type.is_unicode_char:
             return node
         uchar = ustring.arg
         method_name = node.function.attribute

Cython/Compiler/Parsing.py

@@ -2049,6 +2049,7 @@ basic_c_type_names = ("void", "char", "int", "float", "double", "bint")
 special_basic_c_types = {
     # name : (signed, longness)
     "Py_UNICODE" : (0, 0),
+    "Py_UCS4"    : (0, 0),
     "Py_ssize_t" : (2, 0),
     "ssize_t"    : (2, 0),
     "size_t"     : (0, 0),

Cython/Compiler/PyrexTypes.py

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ class PyrexType(BaseType):
     #  is_typedef            boolean     Is a typedef type
     #  is_string             boolean     Is a C char * type
     #  is_unicode            boolean     Is a UTF-8 encoded C char * type
+    #  is_unicode_char       boolean     Is either Py_UCS4 or Py_UNICODE
     #  is_returncode         boolean     Is used only to signal exceptions
     #  is_error              boolean     Is the dummy error type
     #  is_buffer             boolean     Is buffer access type
@@ -101,6 +102,7 @@ class PyrexType(BaseType):
     is_typedef = 0
     is_string = 0
     is_unicode = 0
+    is_unicode_char = 0
     is_returncode = 0
     is_error = 0
     is_buffer = 0
@@ -924,9 +926,81 @@ class CBIntType(CIntType):
         return "<CNumericType bint>"
 
 
+class CPyUCS4IntType(CIntType):
+    # Py_UCS4
+
+    is_unicode_char = True
+
+    # Py_UCS4 coerces from and to single character unicode strings (or
+    # at most two characters on 16bit Unicode builds), but we also
+    # allow Python integers as input.  The value range for Py_UCS4
+    # is 0..1114111, which is checked when converting from an integer
+    # value.
+
+    to_py_function = "PyUnicode_FromOrdinal"
+    from_py_function = "__Pyx_PyObject_AsPy_UCS4"
+
+    def create_from_py_utility_code(self, env):
+        env.use_utility_code(pyobject_as_py_ucs4_utility_code)
+        return True
+
+    def sign_and_name(self):
+        return "Py_UCS4"
+
+
+pyobject_as_py_ucs4_utility_code = UtilityCode(
+proto='''
+static CYTHON_INLINE Py_UCS4 __Pyx_PyObject_AsPy_UCS4(PyObject*);
+''',
+impl='''
+static CYTHON_INLINE Py_UCS4 __Pyx_PyObject_AsPy_UCS4(PyObject* x) {
+   long ival;
+   if (PyUnicode_Check(x)) {
+       if (likely(PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(x) == 1)) {
+           return PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(x)[0];
+       }
+       #if Py_UNICODE_SIZE == 2
+       else if (PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(x) == 2) {
+           Py_UCS4 high_val = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(x)[0];
+           if (high_val >= 0xD800 && high_val <= 0xDBFF) {
+               Py_UCS4 low_val = PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE(x)[1];
+               if (low_val >= 0xDC00 && low_val <= 0xDFFF) {
+                   return 0x10000 | ((high_val & ((1<<10)-1)) << 10) | (low_val & ((1<<10)-1));
+               }
+           }
+       }
+       #endif
+       PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+           "only single character unicode strings can be converted to Py_UCS4, got length "
+           #if PY_VERSION_HEX < 0x02050000
+           "%d",
+           #else
+           "%zd",
+           #endif
+           PyUnicode_GET_SIZE(x));
+       return (Py_UCS4)-1;
+   }
+   ival = __Pyx_PyInt_AsLong(x);
+   if (unlikely(ival < 0)) {
+       if (!PyErr_Occurred())
+           PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                           "cannot convert negative value to Py_UCS4");
+       return (Py_UCS4)-1;
+   } else if (unlikely(ival > 1114111)) {
+       PyErr_SetString(PyExc_OverflowError,
+                       "value too large to convert to Py_UCS4");
+       return (Py_UCS4)-1;
+   }
+   return (Py_UCS4)ival;
+}
+''')
+
+
 class CPyUnicodeIntType(CIntType):
     # Py_UNICODE
 
+    is_unicode_char = True
+
     # Py_UNICODE coerces from and to single character unicode strings,
     # but we also allow Python integers as input.  The value range for
     # Py_UNICODE is 0..1114111, which is checked when converting from
@@ -2306,6 +2380,7 @@ c_anon_enum_type =   CAnonEnumType(-1)
 c_returncode_type =  CReturnCodeType(RANK_INT)
 c_bint_type =        CBIntType(RANK_INT)
 c_py_unicode_type =  CPyUnicodeIntType(RANK_INT-0.5, UNSIGNED)
+c_py_ucs4_type =     CPyUCS4IntType(RANK_LONG-0.5, UNSIGNED)
 c_py_ssize_t_type =  CPySSizeTType(RANK_LONG+0.5, SIGNED)
 c_ssize_t_type =     CSSizeTType(RANK_LONG+0.5, SIGNED)
 c_size_t_type =      CSizeTType(RANK_LONG+0.5, UNSIGNED)
@@ -2367,6 +2442,7 @@ modifiers_and_name_to_type = {
 
     (1,  0, "bint"):       c_bint_type,
     (0,  0, "Py_UNICODE"): c_py_unicode_type,
+    (0,  0, "Py_UCS4"):    c_py_ucs4_type,
     (2,  0, "Py_ssize_t"): c_py_ssize_t_type,
     (2,  0, "ssize_t") :   c_ssize_t_type,
     (0,  0, "size_t") :    c_size_t_type,
@@ -2614,6 +2690,8 @@ def parse_basic_type(name):
     longness = 0
     if name == 'Py_UNICODE':
         signed = 0
+    elif name == 'Py_UCS4':
+        signed = 0
     elif name == 'Py_ssize_t':
         signed = 2
     elif name == 'ssize_t':

Cython/Debugger/Tests/TestLibCython.py

@@ -29,6 +29,49 @@ with open(codefile) as f:
 # can't access the module anymore. Get it from sys.modules instead.
 build_ext = sys.modules['Cython.Distutils.build_ext']
 
+
+have_gdb = None
+def test_gdb():
+    global have_gdb
+    if have_gdb is None:
+        try:
+            p = subprocess.Popen(['gdb', '-v'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+            have_gdb = True
+        except OSError:
+            # gdb was not installed
+            have_gdb = False
+        else:
+            gdb_version = p.stdout.read().decode('ascii')
+            p.wait()
+            p.stdout.close()
+
+        if have_gdb:
+            # Based on Lib/test/test_gdb.py
+            regex = "^GNU gdb [^\d]*(\d+)\.(\d+)"
+            gdb_version_number = list(map(int, re.search(regex, gdb_version).groups()))
+
+            if gdb_version_number >= [7, 2]:
+                python_version_script = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w+')
+                python_version_script.write(
+                    'python import sys; print("%s %s" % sys.version_info[:2])')
+                python_version_script.flush()
+                p = subprocess.Popen(['gdb', '-batch', '-x', python_version_script.name],
+                                     stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+                python_version = p.stdout.read().decode('ascii')
+                p.wait()
+                python_version_number = list(map(int, python_version.split()))
+
+        # Be Python 3 compatible
+        if (not have_gdb
+            or gdb_version_number < [7, 2]
+            or python_version_number < [2, 6]):
+            warnings.warn(
+                'Skipping gdb tests, need gdb >= 7.2 with Python >= 2.6')
+            have_gdb = False
+
+    return have_gdb
+
+
 class DebuggerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
@@ -36,6 +79,9 @@ class DebuggerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         Run gdb and have cygdb import the debug information from the code
         defined in TestParseTreeTransforms's setUp method
         """
+        if not test_gdb():
+            return
+
         self.tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
         self.destfile = os.path.join(self.tempdir, 'codefile.pyx')
         self.debug_dest = os.path.join(self.tempdir,
@@ -44,6 +90,7 @@ class DebuggerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
         self.cfuncs_destfile = os.path.join(self.tempdir, 'cfuncs')
 
         self.cwd = os.getcwd()
+        try:
             os.chdir(self.tempdir)
 
             shutil.copy(codefile, self.destfile)
@@ -58,7 +105,6 @@ class DebuggerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             )
 
             optimization_disabler = build_ext.Optimization()
-        optimization_disabler.disable_optimization()
 
             cython_compile_testcase = runtests.CythonCompileTestCase(
                 workdir=self.tempdir,
@@ -67,6 +113,14 @@ class DebuggerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 **opts
             )
 
+
+            new_stderr = open(os.devnull, 'w')
+
+            stderr = sys.stderr
+            sys.stderr = new_stderr
+
+            optimization_disabler.disable_optimization()
+            try:
                 cython_compile_testcase.run_cython(
                     targetdir=self.tempdir,
                     incdir=None,
@@ -84,8 +138,9 @@ class DebuggerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                     extra_extension_args={'extra_objects':['cfuncs.o']},
                     **opts
                 )
-
+            finally:
                 optimization_disabler.restore_state()
+                sys.stderr = stderr
 
             # ext = Cython.Distutils.extension.Extension(
                 # 'codefile',
@@ -99,7 +154,13 @@ class DebuggerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
                 # cmdclass=dict(build_ext=Cython.Distutils.build_ext)
             # )
 
+        except:
+            os.chdir(self.cwd)
+            raise
+
     def tearDown(self):
+        if not test_gdb():
+            return
         os.chdir(self.cwd)
         shutil.rmtree(self.tempdir)
 
@@ -107,6 +168,9 @@ class DebuggerTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 class GdbDebuggerTestCase(DebuggerTestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
+        if not test_gdb():
+            return
+
         super(GdbDebuggerTestCase, self).setUp()
 
         prefix_code = textwrap.dedent('''\
@@ -167,6 +231,11 @@ class GdbDebuggerTestCase(DebuggerTestCase):
             p.stdout.close()
 
         if have_gdb:
+            # Based on Lib/test/test_gdb.py
+            regex = "^GNU gdb [^\d]*(\d+)\.(\d+)"
+            gdb_version_number = list(map(int, re.search(regex, gdb_version).groups()))
+
+            if gdb_version_number >= [7, 2]:
                 python_version_script = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode='w+')
                 python_version_script.write(
                     'python import sys; print("%s %s" % sys.version_info[:2])')
@@ -175,16 +244,12 @@ class GdbDebuggerTestCase(DebuggerTestCase):
                                      stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
                 python_version = p.stdout.read().decode('ascii')
                 p.wait()
-            python_version_number = [int(a) for a in python_version.split()]
+                python_version_number = list(map(int, python_version.split()))
 
-        if have_gdb:
-            # Based on Lib/test/test_gdb.py
-            regex = "^GNU gdb [^\d]*(\d+)\.(\d+)"
-            gdb_version_number = re.search(regex, gdb_version).groups()
 
         # Be Python 3 compatible
         if (not have_gdb
-            or list(map(int, gdb_version_number)) < [7, 2]
+            or gdb_version_number < [7, 2]
             or python_version_number < [2, 6]):
             self.p = None
             warnings.warn(
@@ -197,6 +262,9 @@ class GdbDebuggerTestCase(DebuggerTestCase):
                 env=env)
 
     def tearDown(self):
+        if not test_gdb():
+            return
+
         super(GdbDebuggerTestCase, self).tearDown()
         if self.p:
             self.p.stderr.close()
@@ -207,17 +275,24 @@ class GdbDebuggerTestCase(DebuggerTestCase):
 class TestAll(GdbDebuggerTestCase):
 
     def test_all(self):
-        if self.p is None:
+        if not test_gdb():
             return
 
         out, err = self.p.communicate()
         err = err.decode('UTF-8')
+
+        exit_status = self.p.wait()
+
+        if exit_status == 1:
+            sys.stderr.write(err)
+        elif exit_status >= 2:
             border = '*' * 30
             start = '%s   v INSIDE GDB v   %s' % (border, border)
             end   = '%s   ^ INSIDE GDB ^   %s' % (border, border)
             errmsg = '\n%s\n%s%s' % (start, err, end)
-        self.assertEquals(0, self.p.wait(), errmsg)
-        sys.stderr.write(err)
+
+            sys.stderr.write(errmsg)
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

Cython/Debugger/Tests/test_libcython_in_gdb.py

@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ def run_unittest_in_module(modulename):
                 "debugging information. Either compile python with "
                 "-g or get a debug build (configure with --with-pydebug).")
         warnings.warn(msg)
-        os._exit(0)
+        os._exit(1)
     else:
         m = __import__(modulename, fromlist=[''])
         tests = inspect.getmembers(m, inspect.isclass)
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ def runtests():
     success_libpython = run_unittest_in_module(test_libpython_in_gdb.__name__)
 
     if not success_libcython or not success_libpython:
-        sys.exit(1)
+        sys.exit(2)
 
 def main(version, trace_code=False):
     global inferior_python_version

Cython/Tests/xmlrunner.py

@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class _XMLTestResult(_TextTestResult):
                     module = ''
                 testcase_name = module + testcase.__name__
 
-                if not tests_by_testcase.has_key(testcase_name):
+                if testcase_name not in tests_by_testcase:
                     tests_by_testcase[testcase_name] = []
                 tests_by_testcase[testcase_name].append(test_info)
 

Cython/__init__.py

-__version__ = "0.14.1rc2"
+__version__ = "0.14.1rc3"
 
 # Void cython.* directives (for case insensitive operating systems).
 from Cython.Shadow import *

runtests.py

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ try:
 except ImportError: # No threads, no problems
     threading = None
 
-
 WITH_CYTHON = True
 
 from distutils.dist import Distribution
@@ -34,6 +33,18 @@ from distutils.core import Extension
 from distutils.command.build_ext import build_ext as _build_ext
 distutils_distro = Distribution()
 
+if sys.platform == 'win32':
+    # TODO: Figure out why this hackery (see http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.cython.devel/8280/).
+    config_files = distutils_distro.find_config_files()
+    try: config_files.remove('setup.cfg')
+    except ValueError: pass
+    distutils_distro.parse_config_files(config_files)
+
+    cfgfiles = distutils_distro.find_config_files()
+    try: cfgfiles.remove('setup.cfg')
+    except ValueError: pass
+    distutils_distro.parse_config_files(cfgfiles)
+
 TEST_DIRS = ['compile', 'errors', 'run', 'wrappers', 'pyregr', 'build']
 TEST_RUN_DIRS = ['run', 'wrappers', 'pyregr']
 
@@ -981,6 +992,9 @@ def check_thread_termination(ignore_seen=True):
     raise PendingThreadsError("left-over threads found after running test")
 
 def main():
+
+    DISTDIR = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]))
+
     from optparse import OptionParser
     parser = OptionParser()
     parser.add_option("--no-cleanup", dest="cleanup_workdir",
@@ -1051,12 +1065,15 @@ def main():
     parser.add_option("--exit-ok", dest="exit_ok", default=False,
                       action="store_true",
                       help="exit without error code even on test failures")
+    parser.add_option("--root-dir", dest="root_dir", default=os.path.join(DISTDIR, 'tests'),
+                      help="working directory")
+    parser.add_option("--work-dir", dest="work_dir", default=os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'BUILD'),
+                      help="working directory")
 
     options, cmd_args = parser.parse_args()
 
-    DISTDIR = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), os.path.dirname(sys.argv[0]))
-    ROOTDIR = os.path.join(DISTDIR, 'tests')
-    WORKDIR = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'BUILD')
+    ROOTDIR = os.path.abspath(options.root_dir)
+    WORKDIR = os.path.abspath(options.work_dir)
 
     if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
         options.doctests = False
@@ -1167,7 +1184,7 @@ def main():
         exclude_selectors += [ re.compile(r, re.I|re.U).search for r in options.exclude ]
 
     if not test_bugs:
-        exclude_selectors += [ FileListExcluder("tests/bugs.txt") ]
+        exclude_selectors += [ FileListExcluder(os.path.join(ROOTDIR, "bugs.txt")) ]
 
     if sys.platform in ['win32', 'cygwin'] and sys.version_info < (2,6):
         exclude_selectors += [ lambda x: x == "run.specialfloat" ]

tests/errors/e_strcoerce.pyx

@@ -13,5 +13,5 @@ _ERRORS = """
 2:14: Only single-character string literals can be coerced into ints.
 3:14: Only single-character string literals can be coerced into ints.
 6:15: Only single-character string literals can be coerced into ints.
-9:14: Unicode literals do not support coercion to C types other than Py_UNICODE.
+9:14: Unicode literals do not support coercion to C types other than Py_UNICODE or Py_UCS4.
 """

tests/errors/py_ucs4_type_errors.pyx

+# -*- coding: iso-8859-1 -*-
+
+cdef Py_UCS4 char_ASCII = u'A'
+cdef Py_UCS4 char_KLINGON = u'\uF8D2'
+
+def char_too_long_ASCII():
+    cdef Py_UCS4 c = u'AB'
+
+def char_too_long_Unicode():
+    cdef Py_UCS4 c = u'A\uF8D2'
+
+def char_too_long_bytes():
+    cdef Py_UCS4 c = b'AB'
+
+def char_too_long_latin1():
+    cdef Py_UCS4 char_bytes_latin1 = b'\xf6'
+
+
+_ERRORS = """
+ 7:21: Only single-character Unicode string literals or surrogate pairs can be coerced into Py_UCS4/Py_UNICODE.
+10:21: Only single-character Unicode string literals or surrogate pairs can be coerced into Py_UCS4/Py_UNICODE.
+13:21: Only single-character string literals can be coerced into ints.
+16:37: Bytes literals cannot coerce to Py_UNICODE/Py_UCS4, use a unicode literal instead.
+"""

tests/errors/py_unicode_type_errors.pyx

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ def char_too_long_latin1():
 
 
 _ERRORS = """
-7:24: Only single-character Unicode string literals can be coerced into Py_UNICODE.
-10:24: Only single-character Unicode string literals can be coerced into Py_UNICODE.
+ 7:24: Only single-character Unicode string literals or surrogate pairs can be coerced into Py_UCS4/Py_UNICODE.
+10:24: Only single-character Unicode string literals or surrogate pairs can be coerced into Py_UCS4/Py_UNICODE.
 13:24: Only single-character string literals can be coerced into ints.
-16:40: Bytes literals cannot coerce to Py_UNICODE, use a unicode literal instead.
+16:40: Bytes literals cannot coerce to Py_UNICODE/Py_UCS4, use a unicode literal instead.
 """

tests/errors/string_assignments.pyx

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ cdef list  l_f2 = b1
 cdef list  l_f3 = u1
 
 _ERRORS = u"""
-25:20: Unicode literals do not support coercion to C types other than Py_UNICODE.
+25:20: Unicode literals do not support coercion to C types other than Py_UNICODE or Py_UCS4.
 26:22: Unicode objects do not support coercion to C types.
 27:22: 'str' objects do not support coercion to C types (use 'bytes'?).
 

tests/run/isinstance.pyx

@@ -77,6 +77,23 @@ def test_custom():
     assert isinstance(A(), A)
     return True
 
+cdef class B:
+    pass
+
+cdef class C:
+    pass
+
+def test_custom_tuple(obj):
+    """
+    >>> test_custom_tuple(A())
+    True
+    >>> test_custom_tuple(B())
+    True
+    >>> test_custom_tuple(C())
+    False
+    """
+    return isinstance(obj, (A,B))
+
 def test_nested(x):
     """
     >>> test_nested(1)

tests/run/py_ucs4_type.pyx

+# -*- coding: iso-8859-1 -*-
+
+cimport cython
+
+cdef Py_UCS4 char_ASCII = u'A'
+cdef Py_UCS4 char_KLINGON = u'\uF8D2'
+
+def compare_ASCII():
+    """
+    >>> compare_ASCII()
+    True
+    False
+    False
+    """
+    print(char_ASCII == u'A')
+    print(char_ASCII == u'B')
+    print(char_ASCII == u'\uF8D2')
+
+
+def compare_klingon():
+    """
+    >>> compare_klingon()
+    True
+    False
+    False
+    """
+    print(char_KLINGON == u'\uF8D2')
+    print(char_KLINGON == u'A')
+    print(char_KLINGON == u'B')
+
+
+from cpython.unicode cimport PyUnicode_FromOrdinal
+import sys
+
+u0 = u'\x00'
+u1 = u'\x01'
+umax = PyUnicode_FromOrdinal(sys.maxunicode)
+
+def unicode_ordinal(Py_UCS4 i):
+    """
+    >>> ord(unicode_ordinal(0)) == 0
+    True
+    >>> ord(unicode_ordinal(1)) == 1
+    True
+    >>> ord(unicode_ordinal(sys.maxunicode)) == sys.maxunicode
+    True
+
+    >>> ord(unicode_ordinal(u0)) == 0
+    True
+    >>> ord(unicode_ordinal(u1)) == 1
+    True
+    >>> ord(unicode_ordinal(umax)) == sys.maxunicode
+    True
+
+    Value too small:
+    >>> unicode_ordinal(-1) #doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+    OverflowError: ...
+
+    Value too large:
+    >>> unicode_ordinal(1114111+1) #doctest: +ELLIPSIS
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+    OverflowError: ...
+
+    Less than one character:
+    >>> unicode_ordinal(u0[:0])
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+    ValueError: only single character unicode strings can be converted to Py_UCS4, got length 0
+
+    More than one character:
+    >>> unicode_ordinal(u0+u1)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+    ValueError: only single character unicode strings can be converted to Py_UCS4, got length 2
+    """
+    return i
+
+@cython.test_assert_path_exists('//PythonCapiCallNode')
+@cython.test_fail_if_path_exists('//SimpleCallNode')
+def unicode_type_methods(Py_UCS4 uchar):
+    """
+    >>> unicode_type_methods(ord('A'))
+    [True, True, False, False, False, False, False, True, True]
+    >>> unicode_type_methods(ord('a'))
+    [True, True, False, False, True, False, False, False, False]
+    >>> unicode_type_methods(ord('8'))
+    [True, False, True, True, False, True, False, False, False]
+    >>> unicode_type_methods(ord('\\t'))
+    [False, False, False, False, False, False, True, False, False]
+    """
+    return [
+        # character types
+        uchar.isalnum(),
+        uchar.isalpha(),
+        uchar.isdecimal(),
+        uchar.isdigit(),
+        uchar.islower(),
+        uchar.isnumeric(),
+        uchar.isspace(),
+        uchar.istitle(),
+        uchar.isupper(),
+        ]
+
+@cython.test_assert_path_exists('//PythonCapiCallNode')
+@cython.test_fail_if_path_exists('//SimpleCallNode')
+def unicode_methods(Py_UCS4 uchar):
+    """
+    >>> unicode_methods(ord('A')) == ['a', 'A', 'A']
+    True
+    >>> unicode_methods(ord('a')) == ['a', 'A', 'A']
+    True
+    """
+    return [
+        # character conversion
+        uchar.lower(),
+        uchar.upper(),
+        uchar.title(),
+        ]
+
+@cython.test_assert_path_exists('//IntNode')
+@cython.test_fail_if_path_exists('//SimpleCallNode',
+                                 '//PythonCapiCallNode')
+def len_uchar(Py_UCS4 uchar):
+    """
+    >>> len_uchar(ord('A'))
+    1
+    """
+    return len(uchar)
+
+def index_uchar(Py_UCS4 uchar, Py_ssize_t i):
+    """
+    >>> index_uchar(ord('A'), 0) == ('A', 'A', 'A')
+    True
+    >>> index_uchar(ord('A'), -1) == ('A', 'A', 'A')
+    True
+    >>> index_uchar(ord('A'), 1)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    IndexError: string index out of range
+    """
+    return uchar[0], uchar[-1], uchar[i]
+
+mixed_ustring = u'AbcDefGhIjKlmnoP'
+lower_ustring = mixed_ustring.lower()
+upper_ustring = mixed_ustring.lower()
+
+@cython.test_assert_path_exists('//PythonCapiCallNode',
+                                '//ForFromStatNode')
+@cython.test_fail_if_path_exists('//SimpleCallNode',
+                                 '//ForInStatNode')
+def count_lower_case_characters(unicode ustring):
+    """
+    >>> count_lower_case_characters(mixed_ustring)
+    10
+    >>> count_lower_case_characters(lower_ustring)
+    16
+    """
+    cdef Py_ssize_t count = 0
+    for uchar in ustring:
+         if uchar.islower():
+             count += 1
+    return count
+
+@cython.test_assert_path_exists('//SwitchStatNode',
+                                '//ForFromStatNode')
+@cython.test_fail_if_path_exists('//ForInStatNode')
+def iter_and_in():
+    """
+    >>> iter_and_in()
+    a
+    b
+    e
+    f
+    h
+    """
+    for c in u'abcdefgh':
+        if c in u'abCDefGh':
+            print c
+
+@cython.test_assert_path_exists('//SwitchStatNode',
+                                '//ForFromStatNode')
+@cython.test_fail_if_path_exists('//ForInStatNode')
+def index_and_in():
+    """
+    >>> index_and_in()
+    1
+    3
+    4
+    7
+    8
+    """
+    cdef int i
+    for i in range(1,9):
+        if u'abcdefgh'[-i] in u'abCDefGh':
+            print i

tests/run/temp_sideeffects_T654.pyx

+
+# function call arguments
+
+arg_order = []
+
+cdef int f():
+    arg_order.append(1)
+    return 1
+
+def g():
+    arg_order.append(2)
+    return 2
+
+cdef call2(int x, object o):
+    return x, o
+
+def test_c_call():
+    """
+    >>> arg_order
+    []
+    >>> test_c_call()
+    (1, 2)
+    >>> arg_order
+    [1, 2]
+    """
+    return call2(f(), g())
+
+# module globals
+
+cdef object X = 1
+cdef redefine_global():
+    global X
+    x,X = X,2
+    return x
+
+cdef call3(object x1, int o, object x2):
+    return (x1, o, x2)
+
+def test_global_redefine():
+    """
+    >>> test_global_redefine()
+    (1, 1, 2)
+    """
+    return call3(X, redefine_global(), X)