Commit 41bfe82b authored by Yorick Peterse's avatar Yorick Peterse

Optimise searching for users using short queries

This optimises searching for users when using queries consisting out of
one or two characters such as "ab". We optimise such cases by searching
for `LOWER(name)` and `LOWER(username)` instead of using `ILIKE`. Using
`LOWER` produces a _much_ better performing query.

For example, when searching for all users matching the term "a" we'd
produce the following plan:

     Limit  (cost=637.69..637.74 rows=20 width=805) (actual time=41.983..41.995 rows=20 loops=1)
       Buffers: shared hit=8330
       ->  Sort  (cost=637.69..638.61 rows=368 width=805) (actual time=41.982..41.990 rows=20 loops=1)
             Sort Key: (CASE WHEN ((name)::text = 'a'::text) THEN 0 WHEN ((username)::text = 'a'::text) THEN 1 WHEN ((email)::text = 'a'::text) THEN 2 ELSE 3 END), name
             Sort Method: top-N heapsort  Memory: 35kB
             Buffers: shared hit=8330
             ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on users  (cost=75.47..627.89 rows=368 width=805) (actual time=9.452..41.305 rows=277 loops=1)
                   Recheck Cond: (((name)::text ~~* 'a'::text) OR ((username)::text ~~* 'a'::text) OR ((email)::text = 'a'::text))
                   Rows Removed by Index Recheck: 7601
                   Heap Blocks: exact=7636
                   Buffers: shared hit=8327
                   ->  BitmapOr  (cost=75.47..75.47 rows=368 width=0) (actual time=8.290..8.290 rows=0 loops=1)
                         Buffers: shared hit=691
                         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on index_users_on_name_trigram  (cost=0.00..38.85 rows=180 width=0) (actual time=4.369..4.369 rows=4071 loops=1)
                               Index Cond: ((name)::text ~~* 'a'::text)
                               Buffers: shared hit=360
                         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on index_users_on_username_trigram  (cost=0.00..34.41 rows=188 width=0) (actual time=3.896..3.896 rows=4140 loops=1)
                               Index Cond: ((username)::text ~~* 'a'::text)
                               Buffers: shared hit=328
                         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on users_email_key  (cost=0.00..1.94 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=0.022..0.022 rows=0 loops=1)
                               Index Cond: ((email)::text = 'a'::text)
                               Buffers: shared hit=3
     Planning time: 3.912 ms
     Execution time: 42.171 ms

With the changes in this commit we now produce the following plan
instead:

     Limit  (cost=13257.48..13257.53 rows=20 width=805) (actual time=1.567..1.579 rows=20 loops=1)
       Buffers: shared hit=287
       ->  Sort  (cost=13257.48..13280.93 rows=9379 width=805) (actual time=1.567..1.572 rows=20 loops=1)
             Sort Key: (CASE WHEN ((name)::text = 'a'::text) THEN 0 WHEN ((username)::text = 'a'::text) THEN 1 WHEN ((email)::text = 'a'::text) THEN 2 ELSE 3 END), name
             Sort Method: top-N heapsort  Memory: 35kB
             Buffers: shared hit=287
             ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on users  (cost=135.66..13007.91 rows=9379 width=805) (actual time=0.194..1.107 rows=277 loops=1)
                   Recheck Cond: ((lower((name)::text) = 'a'::text) OR (lower((username)::text) = 'a'::text) OR ((email)::text = 'a'::text))
                   Heap Blocks: exact=277
                   Buffers: shared hit=287
                   ->  BitmapOr  (cost=135.66..135.66 rows=9379 width=0) (actual time=0.152..0.152 rows=0 loops=1)
                         Buffers: shared hit=10
                         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on yorick_test_users  (cost=0.00..124.75 rows=9377 width=0) (actual time=0.101..0.101 rows=277 loops=1)
                               Index Cond: (lower((name)::text) = 'a'::text)
                               Buffers: shared hit=4
                         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on index_on_users_lower_username  (cost=0.00..1.94 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=0.035..0.035 rows=1 loops=1)
                               Index Cond: (lower((username)::text) = 'a'::text)
                               Buffers: shared hit=3
                         ->  Bitmap Index Scan on users_email_key  (cost=0.00..1.94 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=0.014..0.014 rows=0 loops=1)
                               Index Cond: ((email)::text = 'a'::text)
                               Buffers: shared hit=3
     Planning time: 0.303 ms
     Execution time: 1.687 ms

Here we can see the new query is 25 times faster compared to the old
query.
parent d2e43fbd
...@@ -327,8 +327,8 @@ class User < ActiveRecord::Base ...@@ -327,8 +327,8 @@ class User < ActiveRecord::Base
SQL SQL
where( where(
fuzzy_arel_match(:name, query) fuzzy_arel_match(:name, query, lower_exact_match: true)
.or(fuzzy_arel_match(:username, query)) .or(fuzzy_arel_match(:username, query, lower_exact_match: true))
.or(arel_table[:email].eq(query)) .or(arel_table[:email].eq(query))
).reorder(order % { query: ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote(query) }, :name) ).reorder(order % { query: ActiveRecord::Base.connection.quote(query) }, :name)
end end
......
# See http://doc.gitlab.com/ce/development/migration_style_guide.html
# for more information on how to write migrations for GitLab.
class UsersNameLowerIndex < ActiveRecord::Migration
include Gitlab::Database::MigrationHelpers
# Set this constant to true if this migration requires downtime.
DOWNTIME = false
INDEX_NAME = 'index_on_users_name_lower'
disable_ddl_transaction!
def up
return unless Gitlab::Database.postgresql?
# On GitLab.com this produces an index with a size of roughly 60 MB.
execute "CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY #{INDEX_NAME} ON users (LOWER(name))"
end
def down
return unless Gitlab::Database.postgresql?
if supports_drop_index_concurrently?
execute "DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY IF EXISTS #{INDEX_NAME}"
else
execute "DROP INDEX IF EXISTS #{INDEX_NAME}"
end
end
end
...@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ...@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
# #
# It's strongly recommended that you check this file into your version control system. # It's strongly recommended that you check this file into your version control system.
ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20180213131630) do ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20180215181245) do
# These are extensions that must be enabled in order to support this database # These are extensions that must be enabled in order to support this database
enable_extension "plpgsql" enable_extension "plpgsql"
......
...@@ -25,7 +25,11 @@ module Gitlab ...@@ -25,7 +25,11 @@ module Gitlab
query.length >= MIN_CHARS_FOR_PARTIAL_MATCHING query.length >= MIN_CHARS_FOR_PARTIAL_MATCHING
end end
def fuzzy_arel_match(column, query) # column - The column name to search in.
# query - The text to search for.
# lower_exact_match - When set to `true` we'll fall back to using
# `LOWER(column) = query` instead of using `ILIKE`.
def fuzzy_arel_match(column, query, lower_exact_match: false)
query = query.squish query = query.squish
return nil unless query.present? return nil unless query.present?
...@@ -34,9 +38,17 @@ module Gitlab ...@@ -34,9 +38,17 @@ module Gitlab
if words.any? if words.any?
words.map { |word| arel_table[column].matches(to_pattern(word)) }.reduce(:and) words.map { |word| arel_table[column].matches(to_pattern(word)) }.reduce(:and)
else else
sanitized_query = sanitize_sql_like(query)
# No words of at least 3 chars, but we can search for an exact # No words of at least 3 chars, but we can search for an exact
# case insensitive match with the query as a whole # case insensitive match with the query as a whole
arel_table[column].matches(sanitize_sql_like(query)) if lower_exact_match
Arel::Nodes::NamedFunction
.new('LOWER', [arel_table[column]])
.eq(sanitized_query)
else
arel_table[column].matches(sanitized_query)
end
end end
end end
......
...@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ task setup_postgresql: :environment do ...@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ task setup_postgresql: :environment do
require Rails.root.join('db/migrate/20170503185032_index_redirect_routes_path_for_like') require Rails.root.join('db/migrate/20170503185032_index_redirect_routes_path_for_like')
require Rails.root.join('db/migrate/20171220191323_add_index_on_namespaces_lower_name.rb') require Rails.root.join('db/migrate/20171220191323_add_index_on_namespaces_lower_name.rb')
require Rails.root.join('db/migrate/20180113220114_rework_redirect_routes_indexes.rb') require Rails.root.join('db/migrate/20180113220114_rework_redirect_routes_indexes.rb')
require Rails.root.join('db/migrate/20180215181245_users_name_lower_index.rb')
NamespacesProjectsPathLowerIndexes.new.up NamespacesProjectsPathLowerIndexes.new.up
AddUsersLowerUsernameEmailIndexes.new.up AddUsersLowerUsernameEmailIndexes.new.up
...@@ -17,4 +18,5 @@ task setup_postgresql: :environment do ...@@ -17,4 +18,5 @@ task setup_postgresql: :environment do
IndexRedirectRoutesPathForLike.new.up IndexRedirectRoutesPathForLike.new.up
AddIndexOnNamespacesLowerName.new.up AddIndexOnNamespacesLowerName.new.up
ReworkRedirectRoutesIndexes.new.up ReworkRedirectRoutesIndexes.new.up
UsersNameLowerIndex.new.up
end end
...@@ -154,6 +154,12 @@ describe Gitlab::SQL::Pattern do ...@@ -154,6 +154,12 @@ describe Gitlab::SQL::Pattern do
it 'returns a single equality condition' do it 'returns a single equality condition' do
expect(fuzzy_arel_match.to_sql).to match(/title.*I?LIKE 'fo'/) expect(fuzzy_arel_match.to_sql).to match(/title.*I?LIKE 'fo'/)
end end
it 'uses LOWER instead of ILIKE when LOWER is enabled' do
rel = Issue.fuzzy_arel_match(:title, query, lower_exact_match: true)
expect(rel.to_sql).to match(/LOWER\(.*title.*\).*=.*'fo'/)
end
end end
context 'with two words both equal to 3 chars' do context 'with two words both equal to 3 chars' do
......
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