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Kirill Smelkov
go
Commits
34356e9a
Commit
34356e9a
authored
Dec 16, 2009
by
Rob Pike
Browse files
Options
Browse Files
Download
Email Patches
Plain Diff
update tutorial.
R=rsc CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/179063
parent
1c729599
Changes
18
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18 changed files
with
421 additions
and
386 deletions
+421
-386
doc/go_tutorial.html
doc/go_tutorial.html
+184
-167
doc/go_tutorial.txt
doc/go_tutorial.txt
+30
-18
doc/progs/cat.go
doc/progs/cat.go
+17
-17
doc/progs/cat_rot13.go
doc/progs/cat_rot13.go
+23
-23
doc/progs/echo.go
doc/progs/echo.go
+8
-8
doc/progs/file.go
doc/progs/file.go
+16
-16
doc/progs/helloworld.go
doc/progs/helloworld.go
+1
-1
doc/progs/helloworld3.go
doc/progs/helloworld3.go
+8
-8
doc/progs/print.go
doc/progs/print.go
+11
-8
doc/progs/print_string.go
doc/progs/print_string.go
+5
-2
doc/progs/server.go
doc/progs/server.go
+19
-19
doc/progs/server1.go
doc/progs/server1.go
+20
-20
doc/progs/sieve.go
doc/progs/sieve.go
+7
-7
doc/progs/sieve1.go
doc/progs/sieve1.go
+15
-15
doc/progs/sort.go
doc/progs/sort.go
+22
-22
doc/progs/sortmain.go
doc/progs/sortmain.go
+28
-28
doc/progs/strings.go
doc/progs/strings.go
+4
-4
doc/progs/sum.go
doc/progs/sum.go
+3
-3
No files found.
doc/go_tutorial.html
View file @
34356e9a
This diff is collapsed.
Click to expand it.
doc/go_tutorial.txt
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -47,6 +47,33 @@ The comment convention is the same as in C++:
Later we'll have much more to say about printing.
Semicolons
----
You might have noticed that our program has no semicolons. In Go
code, the only place you typically see semicolons is separating the
clauses of "for" loops and the like; they are not necessary after
every statement.
In fact, what happens is that the formal language uses semicolons,
much as in C or Java, but they are inserted automatically
at the end of every line that looks like the end of a statement. You
don't need to type them yourself.
For details about how this is done you can see the language
specification, but in practice all you need to know is that you
never need to put a semicolon at the end of a line. (You can put
them in if you want to write multiple statements per line.) As an
extra help, you can also leave out a semicolon immediately before
a closing brace.
This approach makes for clean-looking, semicolon-free code. The
one surprise is that it's important to put the opening
brace of a construct such as an "if" statement on the same line as
the "if"; if you don't, there are situations that may not compile
or may give the wrong result. The language forces the brace style
to some extent.
Compiling
----
...
...
@@ -84,27 +111,12 @@ This program is small but it's doing a number of new things. In the last exampl
we saw "func" introduce a function. The keywords "var", "const", and "type"
(not used yet) also introduce declarations, as does "import".
Notice that we can group declarations of the same sort into
parenthesized
, semicolon-separated lists if we want
, as on lines 7-10 and 14-17.
parenthesized
lists, one item per line
, as on lines 7-10 and 14-17.
But it's not necessary to do so; we could have said
const Space = " "
const Newline = "\n"
Semicolons aren't needed here; in fact, semicolons are unnecessary after any
top-level declaration, although they are needed as separators <i>within</i>
a parenthesized list of declarations.
You can use semicolons just the way you would in C, C++, or Java, but if you
prefer you can also leave them out in many cases. They <i>separate</i> statements
rather than terminate them, so they aren't needed (but are still OK) at the end of the last
statement in a block.
They're also optional after braces, as in C.
Have a look at the source to "echo".
The only necessary semicolons in that program are on lines 8, 15, and 21
and of course between the elements of the "for" loop on line 22.
The ones on line 9, 16, 26, and 31 are optional but are there because a semicolon
on the end of a list of statements makes it easier to edit the list later.
This program imports the ""os"" package to access its "Stdout" variable, of type
"*os.File". The "import" statement is actually a declaration: in its general form,
as used in our ``hello world'' program,
...
...
@@ -634,7 +646,7 @@ prints
In fact, if you're lazy the format "%v" will print, in a simple
appropriate style, any value, even an array or structure. The output of
--PROG progs/print.go 'NR==14' 'NR==
17
'
--PROG progs/print.go 'NR==14' 'NR==
20
'
is
...
...
@@ -647,7 +659,7 @@ of "%v" while "Println" inserts spaces between arguments
and adds a newline. The output of each of these two lines is identical
to that of the "Printf" call above.
--PROG progs/print.go 'NR==
18' 'NR==19
'
--PROG progs/print.go 'NR==
21' 'NR==22
'
If you have your own type you'd like "Printf" or "Print" to format,
just give it a "String()" method that returns a string. The print
...
...
doc/progs/cat.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -5,42 +5,42 @@
package
main
import
(
"./file"
;
"flag"
;
"fmt"
;
"os"
;
"./file"
"flag"
"fmt"
"os"
)
func
cat
(
f
*
file
.
File
)
{
const
NBUF
=
512
;
var
buf
[
NBUF
]
byte
;
const
NBUF
=
512
var
buf
[
NBUF
]
byte
for
{
switch
nr
,
er
:=
f
.
Read
(
&
buf
);
true
{
case
nr
<
0
:
fmt
.
Fprintf
(
os
.
Stderr
,
"cat: error reading from %s: %s
\n
"
,
f
.
String
(),
er
.
String
())
;
os
.
Exit
(
1
)
;
fmt
.
Fprintf
(
os
.
Stderr
,
"cat: error reading from %s: %s
\n
"
,
f
.
String
(),
er
.
String
())
os
.
Exit
(
1
)
case
nr
==
0
:
// EOF
return
;
return
case
nr
>
0
:
if
nw
,
ew
:=
file
.
Stdout
.
Write
(
buf
[
0
:
nr
]);
nw
!=
nr
{
fmt
.
Fprintf
(
os
.
Stderr
,
"cat: error writing from %s: %s
\n
"
,
f
.
String
(),
ew
.
String
())
;
fmt
.
Fprintf
(
os
.
Stderr
,
"cat: error writing from %s: %s
\n
"
,
f
.
String
(),
ew
.
String
())
}
}
}
}
func
main
()
{
flag
.
Parse
()
;
// Scans the arg list and sets up flags
flag
.
Parse
()
// Scans the arg list and sets up flags
if
flag
.
NArg
()
==
0
{
cat
(
file
.
Stdin
)
;
cat
(
file
.
Stdin
)
}
for
i
:=
0
;
i
<
flag
.
NArg
();
i
++
{
f
,
err
:=
file
.
Open
(
flag
.
Arg
(
i
),
0
,
0
)
;
f
,
err
:=
file
.
Open
(
flag
.
Arg
(
i
),
0
,
0
)
if
f
==
nil
{
fmt
.
Fprintf
(
os
.
Stderr
,
"cat: can't open %s: error %s
\n
"
,
flag
.
Arg
(
i
),
err
)
;
os
.
Exit
(
1
)
;
fmt
.
Fprintf
(
os
.
Stderr
,
"cat: can't open %s: error %s
\n
"
,
flag
.
Arg
(
i
),
err
)
os
.
Exit
(
1
)
}
cat
(
f
)
;
f
.
Close
()
;
cat
(
f
)
f
.
Close
()
}
}
doc/progs/cat_rot13.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@
package
main
import
(
"./file"
;
"flag"
;
"fmt"
;
"os"
;
"./file"
"flag"
"fmt"
"os"
)
var
rot13Flag
=
flag
.
Bool
(
"rot13"
,
false
,
"rot13 the input"
)
func
rot13
(
b
byte
)
byte
{
if
'a'
<=
b
&&
b
<=
'z'
{
b
=
'a'
+
((
b
-
'a'
)
+
13
)
%
26
;
b
=
'a'
+
((
b
-
'a'
)
+
13
)
%
26
}
if
'A'
<=
b
&&
b
<=
'Z'
{
b
=
'A'
+
((
b
-
'A'
)
+
13
)
%
26
...
...
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ func rot13(b byte) byte {
}
type
reader
interface
{
Read
(
b
[]
byte
)
(
ret
int
,
err
os
.
Error
)
;
String
()
string
;
Read
(
b
[]
byte
)
(
ret
int
,
err
os
.
Error
)
String
()
string
}
type
rotate13
struct
{
source
reader
;
source
reader
}
func
newRotate13
(
source
reader
)
*
rotate13
{
...
...
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func newRotate13(source reader) *rotate13 {
}
func
(
r13
*
rotate13
)
Read
(
b
[]
byte
)
(
ret
int
,
err
os
.
Error
)
{
r
,
e
:=
r13
.
source
.
Read
(
b
)
;
r
,
e
:=
r13
.
source
.
Read
(
b
)
for
i
:=
0
;
i
<
r
;
i
++
{
b
[
i
]
=
rot13
(
b
[
i
])
}
...
...
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ func (r13 *rotate13) String() string {
// end of rotate13 implementation
func
cat
(
r
reader
)
{
const
NBUF
=
512
;
var
buf
[
NBUF
]
byte
;
const
NBUF
=
512
var
buf
[
NBUF
]
byte
if
*
rot13Flag
{
r
=
newRotate13
(
r
)
...
...
@@ -59,31 +59,31 @@ func cat(r reader) {
for
{
switch
nr
,
er
:=
r
.
Read
(
&
buf
);
{
case
nr
<
0
:
fmt
.
Fprintf
(
os
.
Stderr
,
"cat: error reading from %s: %s
\n
"
,
r
.
String
(),
er
.
String
())
;
os
.
Exit
(
1
)
;
fmt
.
Fprintf
(
os
.
Stderr
,
"cat: error reading from %s: %s
\n
"
,
r
.
String
(),
er
.
String
())
os
.
Exit
(
1
)
case
nr
==
0
:
// EOF
return
;
return
case
nr
>
0
:
nw
,
ew
:=
file
.
Stdout
.
Write
(
buf
[
0
:
nr
])
;
nw
,
ew
:=
file
.
Stdout
.
Write
(
buf
[
0
:
nr
])
if
nw
!=
nr
{
fmt
.
Fprintf
(
os
.
Stderr
,
"cat: error writing from %s: %s
\n
"
,
r
.
String
(),
ew
.
String
())
;
fmt
.
Fprintf
(
os
.
Stderr
,
"cat: error writing from %s: %s
\n
"
,
r
.
String
(),
ew
.
String
())
}
}
}
}
func
main
()
{
flag
.
Parse
()
;
// Scans the arg list and sets up flags
flag
.
Parse
()
// Scans the arg list and sets up flags
if
flag
.
NArg
()
==
0
{
cat
(
file
.
Stdin
)
;
cat
(
file
.
Stdin
)
}
for
i
:=
0
;
i
<
flag
.
NArg
();
i
++
{
f
,
err
:=
file
.
Open
(
flag
.
Arg
(
i
),
0
,
0
)
;
f
,
err
:=
file
.
Open
(
flag
.
Arg
(
i
),
0
,
0
)
if
f
==
nil
{
fmt
.
Fprintf
(
os
.
Stderr
,
"cat: can't open %s: error %s
\n
"
,
flag
.
Arg
(
i
),
err
)
;
os
.
Exit
(
1
)
;
fmt
.
Fprintf
(
os
.
Stderr
,
"cat: can't open %s: error %s
\n
"
,
flag
.
Arg
(
i
),
err
)
os
.
Exit
(
1
)
}
cat
(
f
)
;
f
.
Close
()
;
cat
(
f
)
f
.
Close
()
}
}
doc/progs/echo.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -5,28 +5,28 @@
package
main
import
(
"os"
;
"flag"
;
// command line option parser
"os"
"flag"
// command line option parser
)
var
omitNewline
=
flag
.
Bool
(
"n"
,
false
,
"don't print final newline"
)
const
(
Space
=
" "
;
Newline
=
"
\n
"
;
Space
=
" "
Newline
=
"
\n
"
)
func
main
()
{
flag
.
Parse
()
;
// Scans the arg list and sets up flags
var
s
string
=
""
;
flag
.
Parse
()
// Scans the arg list and sets up flags
var
s
string
=
""
for
i
:=
0
;
i
<
flag
.
NArg
();
i
++
{
if
i
>
0
{
s
+=
Space
}
s
+=
flag
.
Arg
(
i
)
;
s
+=
flag
.
Arg
(
i
)
}
if
!*
omitNewline
{
s
+=
Newline
}
os
.
Stdout
.
WriteString
(
s
)
;
os
.
Stdout
.
WriteString
(
s
)
}
doc/progs/file.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@
package
file
import
(
"os"
;
"syscall"
;
"os"
"syscall"
)
type
File
struct
{
fd
int
;
// file descriptor number
name
string
;
// file name at Open time
fd
int
// file descriptor number
name
string
// file name at Open time
}
func
newFile
(
fd
int
,
name
string
)
*
File
{
...
...
@@ -22,15 +22,15 @@ func newFile(fd int, name string) *File {
}
var
(
Stdin
=
newFile
(
0
,
"/dev/stdin"
)
;
Stdout
=
newFile
(
1
,
"/dev/stdout"
)
;
Stderr
=
newFile
(
2
,
"/dev/stderr"
)
;
Stdin
=
newFile
(
0
,
"/dev/stdin"
)
Stdout
=
newFile
(
1
,
"/dev/stdout"
)
Stderr
=
newFile
(
2
,
"/dev/stderr"
)
)
func
Open
(
name
string
,
mode
int
,
perm
int
)
(
file
*
File
,
err
os
.
Error
)
{
r
,
e
:=
syscall
.
Open
(
name
,
mode
,
perm
)
;
r
,
e
:=
syscall
.
Open
(
name
,
mode
,
perm
)
if
e
!=
0
{
err
=
os
.
Errno
(
e
)
;
err
=
os
.
Errno
(
e
)
}
return
newFile
(
r
,
name
),
err
}
...
...
@@ -39,10 +39,10 @@ func (file *File) Close() os.Error {
if
file
==
nil
{
return
os
.
EINVAL
}
e
:=
syscall
.
Close
(
file
.
fd
)
;
file
.
fd
=
-
1
;
// so it can't be closed again
e
:=
syscall
.
Close
(
file
.
fd
)
file
.
fd
=
-
1
// so it can't be closed again
if
e
!=
0
{
return
os
.
Errno
(
e
)
;
return
os
.
Errno
(
e
)
}
return
nil
}
...
...
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ func (file *File) Read(b []byte) (ret int, err os.Error) {
if
file
==
nil
{
return
-
1
,
os
.
EINVAL
}
r
,
e
:=
syscall
.
Read
(
file
.
fd
,
b
)
;
r
,
e
:=
syscall
.
Read
(
file
.
fd
,
b
)
if
e
!=
0
{
err
=
os
.
Errno
(
e
)
;
err
=
os
.
Errno
(
e
)
}
return
int
(
r
),
err
}
...
...
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ func (file *File) Write(b []byte) (ret int, err os.Error) {
if
file
==
nil
{
return
-
1
,
os
.
EINVAL
}
r
,
e
:=
syscall
.
Write
(
file
.
fd
,
b
)
;
r
,
e
:=
syscall
.
Write
(
file
.
fd
,
b
)
if
e
!=
0
{
err
=
os
.
Errno
(
e
)
;
err
=
os
.
Errno
(
e
)
}
return
int
(
r
),
err
}
...
...
doc/progs/helloworld.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ package main
import
fmt
"fmt"
// Package implementing formatted I/O.
func
main
()
{
fmt
.
Printf
(
"Hello, world; or Καλημέρα κόσμε; or こんにちは 世界
\n
"
)
;
fmt
.
Printf
(
"Hello, world; or Καλημέρα κόσμε; or こんにちは 世界
\n
"
)
}
doc/progs/helloworld3.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -5,17 +5,17 @@
package
main
import
(
"./file"
;
"fmt"
;
"os"
;
"./file"
"fmt"
"os"
)
func
main
()
{
hello
:=
[]
byte
{
'h'
,
'e'
,
'l'
,
'l'
,
'o'
,
','
,
' '
,
'w'
,
'o'
,
'r'
,
'l'
,
'd'
,
'\n'
}
;
file
.
Stdout
.
Write
(
hello
)
;
file
,
err
:=
file
.
Open
(
"/does/not/exist"
,
0
,
0
)
;
hello
:=
[]
byte
{
'h'
,
'e'
,
'l'
,
'l'
,
'o'
,
','
,
' '
,
'w'
,
'o'
,
'r'
,
'l'
,
'd'
,
'\n'
}
file
.
Stdout
.
Write
(
hello
)
file
,
err
:=
file
.
Open
(
"/does/not/exist"
,
0
,
0
)
if
file
==
nil
{
fmt
.
Printf
(
"can't open file; err=%s
\n
"
,
err
.
String
())
;
os
.
Exit
(
1
)
;
fmt
.
Printf
(
"can't open file; err=%s
\n
"
,
err
.
String
())
os
.
Exit
(
1
)
}
}
doc/progs/print.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -7,14 +7,17 @@ package main
import
"fmt"
func
main
()
{
var
u64
uint64
=
1
<<
64
-
1
;
fmt
.
Printf
(
"%d %d
\n
"
,
u64
,
int64
(
u64
))
;
var
u64
uint64
=
1
<<
64
-
1
fmt
.
Printf
(
"%d %d
\n
"
,
u64
,
int64
(
u64
))
// harder stuff
type
T
struct
{
a
int
;
b
string
};
t
:=
T
{
77
,
"Sunset Strip"
};
a
:=
[]
int
{
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
};
fmt
.
Printf
(
"%v %v %v
\n
"
,
u64
,
t
,
a
);
fmt
.
Print
(
u64
,
" "
,
t
,
" "
,
a
,
"
\n
"
);
fmt
.
Println
(
u64
,
t
,
a
);
type
T
struct
{
a
int
b
string
}
t
:=
T
{
77
,
"Sunset Strip"
}
a
:=
[]
int
{
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
}
fmt
.
Printf
(
"%v %v %v
\n
"
,
u64
,
t
,
a
)
fmt
.
Print
(
u64
,
" "
,
t
,
" "
,
a
,
"
\n
"
)
fmt
.
Println
(
u64
,
t
,
a
)
}
doc/progs/print_string.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -6,13 +6,16 @@ package main
import
"fmt"
type
testType
struct
{
a
int
;
b
string
}
type
testType
struct
{
a
int
b
string
}
func
(
t
*
testType
)
String
()
string
{
return
fmt
.
Sprint
(
t
.
a
)
+
" "
+
t
.
b
}
func
main
()
{
t
:=
&
testType
{
77
,
"Sunset Strip"
}
;
t
:=
&
testType
{
77
,
"Sunset Strip"
}
fmt
.
Println
(
t
)
}
doc/progs/server.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -7,45 +7,45 @@ package main
import
"fmt"
type
request
struct
{
a
,
b
int
;
replyc
chan
int
;
a
,
b
int
replyc
chan
int
}
type
binOp
func
(
a
,
b
int
)
int
func
run
(
op
binOp
,
req
*
request
)
{
reply
:=
op
(
req
.
a
,
req
.
b
)
;
req
.
replyc
<-
reply
;
reply
:=
op
(
req
.
a
,
req
.
b
)
req
.
replyc
<-
reply
}
func
server
(
op
binOp
,
service
chan
*
request
)
{
for
{
req
:=
<-
service
;
go
run
(
op
,
req
)
;
// don't wait for it
req
:=
<-
service
go
run
(
op
,
req
)
// don't wait for it
}
}
func
startServer
(
op
binOp
)
chan
*
request
{
req
:=
make
(
chan
*
request
)
;
go
server
(
op
,
req
)
;
return
req
;
req
:=
make
(
chan
*
request
)
go
server
(
op
,
req
)
return
req
}
func
main
()
{
adder
:=
startServer
(
func
(
a
,
b
int
)
int
{
return
a
+
b
})
;
const
N
=
100
;
var
reqs
[
N
]
request
;
adder
:=
startServer
(
func
(
a
,
b
int
)
int
{
return
a
+
b
})
const
N
=
100
var
reqs
[
N
]
request
for
i
:=
0
;
i
<
N
;
i
++
{
req
:=
&
reqs
[
i
]
;
req
.
a
=
i
;
req
.
b
=
i
+
N
;
req
.
replyc
=
make
(
chan
int
)
;
adder
<-
req
;
req
:=
&
reqs
[
i
]
req
.
a
=
i
req
.
b
=
i
+
N
req
.
replyc
=
make
(
chan
int
)
adder
<-
req
}
for
i
:=
N
-
1
;
i
>=
0
;
i
--
{
// doesn't matter what order
if
<-
reqs
[
i
]
.
replyc
!=
N
+
2
*
i
{
fmt
.
Println
(
"fail at"
,
i
)
;
fmt
.
Println
(
"fail at"
,
i
)
}
}
fmt
.
Println
(
"done"
)
;
fmt
.
Println
(
"done"
)
}
doc/progs/server1.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -7,50 +7,50 @@ package main
import
"fmt"
type
request
struct
{
a
,
b
int
;
replyc
chan
int
;
a
,
b
int
replyc
chan
int
}
type
binOp
func
(
a
,
b
int
)
int
func
run
(
op
binOp
,
req
*
request
)
{
reply
:=
op
(
req
.
a
,
req
.
b
)
;
req
.
replyc
<-
reply
;
reply
:=
op
(
req
.
a
,
req
.
b
)
req
.
replyc
<-
reply
}
func
server
(
op
binOp
,
service
chan
*
request
,
quit
chan
bool
)
{
for
{
select
{
case
req
:=
<-
service
:
go
run
(
op
,
req
)
;
// don't wait for it
go
run
(
op
,
req
)
// don't wait for it
case
<-
quit
:
return
;
return
}
}
}
func
startServer
(
op
binOp
)
(
service
chan
*
request
,
quit
chan
bool
)
{
service
=
make
(
chan
*
request
)
;
quit
=
make
(
chan
bool
)
;
go
server
(
op
,
service
,
quit
)
;
return
service
,
quit
;
service
=
make
(
chan
*
request
)
quit
=
make
(
chan
bool
)
go
server
(
op
,
service
,
quit
)
return
service
,
quit
}
func
main
()
{
adder
,
quit
:=
startServer
(
func
(
a
,
b
int
)
int
{
return
a
+
b
})
;
const
N
=
100
;
var
reqs
[
N
]
request
;
adder
,
quit
:=
startServer
(
func
(
a
,
b
int
)
int
{
return
a
+
b
})
const
N
=
100
var
reqs
[
N
]
request
for
i
:=
0
;
i
<
N
;
i
++
{
req
:=
&
reqs
[
i
]
;
req
.
a
=
i
;
req
.
b
=
i
+
N
;
req
.
replyc
=
make
(
chan
int
)
;
adder
<-
req
;
req
:=
&
reqs
[
i
]
req
.
a
=
i
req
.
b
=
i
+
N
req
.
replyc
=
make
(
chan
int
)
adder
<-
req
}
for
i
:=
N
-
1
;
i
>=
0
;
i
--
{
// doesn't matter what order
if
<-
reqs
[
i
]
.
replyc
!=
N
+
2
*
i
{
fmt
.
Println
(
"fail at"
,
i
)
;
fmt
.
Println
(
"fail at"
,
i
)
}
}
quit
<-
true
;
quit
<-
true
}
doc/progs/sieve.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ func generate(ch chan int) {
// removing those divisible by 'prime'.
func
filter
(
in
,
out
chan
int
,
prime
int
)
{
for
{
i
:=
<-
in
;
// Receive value of new variable 'i' from 'in'.
i
:=
<-
in
// Receive value of new variable 'i' from 'in'.
if
i
%
prime
!=
0
{
out
<-
i
// Send 'i' to channel 'out'.
}
...
...
@@ -26,13 +26,13 @@ func filter(in, out chan int, prime int) {
// The prime sieve: Daisy-chain filter processes together.
func
main
()
{
ch
:=
make
(
chan
int
)
;
// Create a new channel.
go
generate
(
ch
)
;
// Start generate() as a goroutine.
ch
:=
make
(
chan
int
)
// Create a new channel.
go
generate
(
ch
)
// Start generate() as a goroutine.
for
{
prime
:=
<-
ch
;
fmt
.
Println
(
prime
)
;
ch1
:=
make
(
chan
int
)
;
go
filter
(
ch
,
ch1
,
prime
)
;
prime
:=
<-
ch
fmt
.
Println
(
prime
)
ch1
:=
make
(
chan
int
)
go
filter
(
ch
,
ch1
,
prime
)
ch
=
ch1
}
}
doc/progs/sieve1.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -8,44 +8,44 @@ import "fmt"
// Send the sequence 2, 3, 4, ... to returned channel
func
generate
()
chan
int
{
ch
:=
make
(
chan
int
)
;
ch
:=
make
(
chan
int
)
go
func
(){
for
i
:=
2
;
;
i
++
{
ch
<-
i
}
}()
;
return
ch
;
}()
return
ch
}
// Filter out input values divisible by 'prime', send rest to returned channel
func
filter
(
in
chan
int
,
prime
int
)
chan
int
{
out
:=
make
(
chan
int
)
;
out
:=
make
(
chan
int
)
go
func
()
{
for
{
if
i
:=
<-
in
;
i
%
prime
!=
0
{
out
<-
i
}
}
}()
;
return
out
;
}()
return
out
}
func
sieve
()
chan
int
{
out
:=
make
(
chan
int
)
;
out
:=
make
(
chan
int
)
go
func
()
{
ch
:=
generate
()
;
ch
:=
generate
()
for
{
prime
:=
<-
ch
;
out
<-
prime
;
ch
=
filter
(
ch
,
prime
)
;
prime
:=
<-
ch
out
<-
prime
ch
=
filter
(
ch
,
prime
)
}
}()
;
return
out
;
}()
return
out
}
func
main
()
{
primes
:=
sieve
()
;
primes
:=
sieve
()
for
{
fmt
.
Println
(
<-
primes
)
;
fmt
.
Println
(
<-
primes
)
}
}
doc/progs/sort.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -5,59 +5,59 @@
package
sort
type
Interface
interface
{
Len
()
int
;
Less
(
i
,
j
int
)
bool
;
Swap
(
i
,
j
int
)
;
Len
()
int
Less
(
i
,
j
int
)
bool
Swap
(
i
,
j
int
)
}
func
Sort
(
data
Interface
)
{
for
i
:=
1
;
i
<
data
.
Len
();
i
++
{
for
j
:=
i
;
j
>
0
&&
data
.
Less
(
j
,
j
-
1
);
j
--
{
data
.
Swap
(
j
,
j
-
1
)
;
data
.
Swap
(
j
,
j
-
1
)
}
}
}
func
IsSorted
(
data
Interface
)
bool
{
n
:=
data
.
Len
()
;
n
:=
data
.
Len
()
for
i
:=
n
-
1
;
i
>
0
;
i
--
{
if
data
.
Less
(
i
,
i
-
1
)
{
return
false
;
return
false
}
}
return
true
;
return
true
}
// Convenience types for common cases
type
IntArray
[]
int
func
(
p
IntArray
)
Len
()
int
{
return
len
(
p
)
;
}
func
(
p
IntArray
)
Less
(
i
,
j
int
)
bool
{
return
p
[
i
]
<
p
[
j
]
;
}
func
(
p
IntArray
)
Swap
(
i
,
j
int
)
{
p
[
i
],
p
[
j
]
=
p
[
j
],
p
[
i
]
;
}
func
(
p
IntArray
)
Len
()
int
{
return
len
(
p
)
}
func
(
p
IntArray
)
Less
(
i
,
j
int
)
bool
{
return
p
[
i
]
<
p
[
j
]
}
func
(
p
IntArray
)
Swap
(
i
,
j
int
)
{
p
[
i
],
p
[
j
]
=
p
[
j
],
p
[
i
]
}
type
FloatArray
[]
float
func
(
p
FloatArray
)
Len
()
int
{
return
len
(
p
)
;
}
func
(
p
FloatArray
)
Less
(
i
,
j
int
)
bool
{
return
p
[
i
]
<
p
[
j
]
;
}
func
(
p
FloatArray
)
Swap
(
i
,
j
int
)
{
p
[
i
],
p
[
j
]
=
p
[
j
],
p
[
i
]
;
}
func
(
p
FloatArray
)
Len
()
int
{
return
len
(
p
)
}
func
(
p
FloatArray
)
Less
(
i
,
j
int
)
bool
{
return
p
[
i
]
<
p
[
j
]
}
func
(
p
FloatArray
)
Swap
(
i
,
j
int
)
{
p
[
i
],
p
[
j
]
=
p
[
j
],
p
[
i
]
}
type
StringArray
[]
string
func
(
p
StringArray
)
Len
()
int
{
return
len
(
p
)
;
}
func
(
p
StringArray
)
Less
(
i
,
j
int
)
bool
{
return
p
[
i
]
<
p
[
j
]
;
}
func
(
p
StringArray
)
Swap
(
i
,
j
int
)
{
p
[
i
],
p
[
j
]
=
p
[
j
],
p
[
i
]
;
}
func
(
p
StringArray
)
Len
()
int
{
return
len
(
p
)
}
func
(
p
StringArray
)
Less
(
i
,
j
int
)
bool
{
return
p
[
i
]
<
p
[
j
]
}
func
(
p
StringArray
)
Swap
(
i
,
j
int
)
{
p
[
i
],
p
[
j
]
=
p
[
j
],
p
[
i
]
}
// Convenience wrappers for common cases
func
SortInts
(
a
[]
int
)
{
Sort
(
IntArray
(
a
))
;
}
func
SortFloats
(
a
[]
float
)
{
Sort
(
FloatArray
(
a
))
;
}
func
SortStrings
(
a
[]
string
)
{
Sort
(
StringArray
(
a
))
;
}
func
SortInts
(
a
[]
int
)
{
Sort
(
IntArray
(
a
))
}
func
SortFloats
(
a
[]
float
)
{
Sort
(
FloatArray
(
a
))
}
func
SortStrings
(
a
[]
string
)
{
Sort
(
StringArray
(
a
))
}
func
IntsAreSorted
(
a
[]
int
)
bool
{
return
IsSorted
(
IntArray
(
a
))
;
}
func
FloatsAreSorted
(
a
[]
float
)
bool
{
return
IsSorted
(
FloatArray
(
a
))
;
}
func
StringsAreSorted
(
a
[]
string
)
bool
{
return
IsSorted
(
StringArray
(
a
))
;
}
func
IntsAreSorted
(
a
[]
int
)
bool
{
return
IsSorted
(
IntArray
(
a
))
}
func
FloatsAreSorted
(
a
[]
float
)
bool
{
return
IsSorted
(
FloatArray
(
a
))
}
func
StringsAreSorted
(
a
[]
string
)
bool
{
return
IsSorted
(
StringArray
(
a
))
}
doc/progs/sortmain.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -5,53 +5,53 @@
package
main
import
(
"fmt"
;
"sort"
;
"fmt"
"sort"
)
func
ints
()
{
data
:=
[]
int
{
74
,
59
,
238
,
-
784
,
9845
,
959
,
905
,
0
,
0
,
42
,
7586
,
-
5467984
,
7586
}
;
a
:=
sort
.
IntArray
(
data
)
;
sort
.
Sort
(
a
)
;
data
:=
[]
int
{
74
,
59
,
238
,
-
784
,
9845
,
959
,
905
,
0
,
0
,
42
,
7586
,
-
5467984
,
7586
}
a
:=
sort
.
IntArray
(
data
)
sort
.
Sort
(
a
)
if
!
sort
.
IsSorted
(
a
)
{
panic
()
}
}
func
strings
()
{
data
:=
[]
string
{
"monday"
,
"tuesday"
,
"wednesday"
,
"thursday"
,
"friday"
,
"saturday"
,
"sunday"
}
;
a
:=
sort
.
StringArray
(
data
)
;
sort
.
Sort
(
a
)
;
data
:=
[]
string
{
"monday"
,
"tuesday"
,
"wednesday"
,
"thursday"
,
"friday"
,
"saturday"
,
"sunday"
}
a
:=
sort
.
StringArray
(
data
)
sort
.
Sort
(
a
)
if
!
sort
.
IsSorted
(
a
)
{
panic
()
}
}
type
day
struct
{
num
int
;
shortName
string
;
longName
string
;
num
int
shortName
string
longName
string
}
type
dayArray
struct
{
data
[]
*
day
;
data
[]
*
day
}
func
(
p
*
dayArray
)
Len
()
int
{
return
len
(
p
.
data
)
;
}
func
(
p
*
dayArray
)
Less
(
i
,
j
int
)
bool
{
return
p
.
data
[
i
]
.
num
<
p
.
data
[
j
]
.
num
;
}
func
(
p
*
dayArray
)
Swap
(
i
,
j
int
)
{
p
.
data
[
i
],
p
.
data
[
j
]
=
p
.
data
[
j
],
p
.
data
[
i
]
;
}
func
(
p
*
dayArray
)
Len
()
int
{
return
len
(
p
.
data
)
}
func
(
p
*
dayArray
)
Less
(
i
,
j
int
)
bool
{
return
p
.
data
[
i
]
.
num
<
p
.
data
[
j
]
.
num
}
func
(
p
*
dayArray
)
Swap
(
i
,
j
int
)
{
p
.
data
[
i
],
p
.
data
[
j
]
=
p
.
data
[
j
],
p
.
data
[
i
]
}
func
days
()
{
Sunday
:=
day
{
0
,
"SUN"
,
"Sunday"
}
;
Monday
:=
day
{
1
,
"MON"
,
"Monday"
}
;
Tuesday
:=
day
{
2
,
"TUE"
,
"Tuesday"
}
;
Wednesday
:=
day
{
3
,
"WED"
,
"Wednesday"
}
;
Thursday
:=
day
{
4
,
"THU"
,
"Thursday"
}
;
Friday
:=
day
{
5
,
"FRI"
,
"Friday"
}
;
Saturday
:=
day
{
6
,
"SAT"
,
"Saturday"
}
;
data
:=
[]
*
day
{
&
Tuesday
,
&
Thursday
,
&
Wednesday
,
&
Sunday
,
&
Monday
,
&
Friday
,
&
Saturday
}
;
a
:=
dayArray
{
data
}
;
sort
.
Sort
(
&
a
)
;
Sunday
:=
day
{
0
,
"SUN"
,
"Sunday"
}
Monday
:=
day
{
1
,
"MON"
,
"Monday"
}
Tuesday
:=
day
{
2
,
"TUE"
,
"Tuesday"
}
Wednesday
:=
day
{
3
,
"WED"
,
"Wednesday"
}
Thursday
:=
day
{
4
,
"THU"
,
"Thursday"
}
Friday
:=
day
{
5
,
"FRI"
,
"Friday"
}
Saturday
:=
day
{
6
,
"SAT"
,
"Saturday"
}
data
:=
[]
*
day
{
&
Tuesday
,
&
Thursday
,
&
Wednesday
,
&
Sunday
,
&
Monday
,
&
Friday
,
&
Saturday
}
a
:=
dayArray
{
data
}
sort
.
Sort
(
&
a
)
if
!
sort
.
IsSorted
(
&
a
)
{
panic
()
}
...
...
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func days() {
func
main
()
{
ints
()
;
strings
()
;
days
()
;
ints
()
strings
()
days
()
}
doc/progs/strings.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ import "fmt"
import
"os"
func
main
()
{
s
:=
"hello"
;
s
:=
"hello"
if
s
[
1
]
!=
'e'
{
os
.
Exit
(
1
)
}
s
=
"good bye"
;
var
p
*
string
=
&
s
;
*
p
=
"ciao"
;
s
=
"good bye"
var
p
*
string
=
&
s
*
p
=
"ciao"
}
doc/progs/sum.go
View file @
34356e9a
...
...
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ package main
import
"fmt"
func
sum
(
a
[]
int
)
int
{
// returns an int
s
:=
0
;
s
:=
0
for
i
:=
0
;
i
<
len
(
a
);
i
++
{
s
+=
a
[
i
]
}
...
...
@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ func sum(a []int) int { // returns an int
func
main
()
{
s
:=
sum
(
&
[
3
]
int
{
1
,
2
,
3
})
;
// a slice of the array is passed to sum
fmt
.
Print
(
s
,
"
\n
"
)
;
s
:=
sum
(
&
[
3
]
int
{
1
,
2
,
3
})
// a slice of the array is passed to sum
fmt
.
Print
(
s
,
"
\n
"
)
}
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