This patchset:

PV guests under Xen are running in an non-contiguous memory architecture.

When PCI pass-through is utilized, this necessitates an IOMMU for
translating bus (DMA) to virtual and vice-versa and also providing a
mechanism to have contiguous pages for device drivers operations (say DMA
operations).

Specifically, under Xen the Linux idea of pages is an illusion. It
assumes that pages start at zero and go up to the available memory. To
help with that, the Linux Xen MMU provides a lookup mechanism to
translate the page frame numbers (PFN) to machine frame numbers (MFN)
and vice-versa. The MFN are the "real" frame numbers. Furthermore
memory is not contiguous. Xen hypervisor stitches memory for guests
from different pools, which means there is no guarantee that PFN==MFN
and PFN+1==MFN+1. Lastly with Xen 4.0, pages (in debug mode) are
allocated in descending order (high to low), meaning the guest might
never get any MFN's under the 4GB mark.
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Cc: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Albert Herranz <albert_herranz@yahoo.es>
Cc: Ian Campbell <Ian.Campbell@citrix.com>