Ordinarily when a high-order allocation fails, direct reclaim is entered
to free pages to satisfy the allocation.  With this patch, it is
determined if an allocation failed due to external fragmentation instead
of low memory and if so, the calling process will compact until a suitable
page is freed.  Compaction by moving pages in memory is considerably
cheaper than paging out to disk and works where there are locked pages or
no swap.  If compaction fails to free a page of a suitable size, then
reclaim will still occur.

Direct compaction returns as soon as possible.  As each block is
compacted, it is checked if a suitable page has been freed and if so, it
returns.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: Fix build errors]
[aarcange@redhat.com: fix count_vm_event preempt in memory compaction direct reclaim]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>