Merge branch '__jited-test-tag-to-check-disassembly-after-jit'

Eduard Zingerman says:

====================
__jited test tag to check disassembly after jit

Some of the logic in the BPF jits might be non-trivial.
It might be useful to allow testing this logic by comparing
generated native code with expected code template.
This patch set adds a macro __jited() that could be used for
test_loader based tests in a following manner:

    SEC("tp")
    __arch_x86_64
    __jited("   endbr64")
    __jited("   nopl    (%rax,%rax)")
    __jited("   xorq    %rax, %rax")
    ...
    __naked void some_test(void) { ... }

Also add a test for jit code generated for tail calls handling to
demonstrate the feature.

The feature uses LLVM libraries to do the disassembly.
At selftests compilation time Makefile detects if these libraries are
available. When libraries are not available tests using __jit_x86()
are skipped.
Current CI environment does not include llvm development libraries,
but changes to add these are trivial.

This was previously discussed here:
https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20240718205158.3651529-1-yonghong.song@linux.dev/

Patch-set includes a few auxiliary steps:
- patches #2 and #3 fix a few bugs in test_loader behaviour;
- patch #4 replaces __regex macro with ability to specify regular
  expressions in __msg and __xlated using "{{" "}}" escapes;
- patch #8 updates __xlated to match disassembly lines consequently,
  same way as __jited does.

Changes v2->v3:
- changed macro name from __jit_x86 to __jited with __arch_* to
  specify disassembly arch (Yonghong);
- __jited matches disassembly lines consequently with "..."
  allowing to skip some number of lines (Andrii);
- __xlated matches disassembly lines consequently, same as __jited;
- "{{...}}" regex brackets instead of __regex macro;
- bug fixes for old commits.

Changes v1->v2:
- stylistic changes suggested by Yonghong;
- fix for -Wformat-truncation related warning when compiled with
  llvm15 (Yonghong).

v1: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20240809010518.1137758-1-eddyz87@gmail.com/
v2: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20240815205449.242556-1-eddyz87@gmail.com/
====================

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240820102357.3372779-1-eddyz87@gmail.comSigned-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/.gitignore

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ test_lru_map
 test_lpm_map
 test_tag
 FEATURE-DUMP.libbpf
+FEATURE-DUMP.selftests
 fixdep
 /test_progs
 /test_progs-no_alu32

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/Makefile

@@ -33,6 +33,13 @@ OPT_FLAGS	?= $(if $(RELEASE),-O2,-O0)
 LIBELF_CFLAGS	:= $(shell $(PKG_CONFIG) libelf --cflags 2>/dev/null)
 LIBELF_LIBS	:= $(shell $(PKG_CONFIG) libelf --libs 2>/dev/null || echo -lelf)
 
+ifeq ($(srctree),)
+srctree := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(CURDIR)))
+srctree := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(srctree)))
+srctree := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(srctree)))
+srctree := $(patsubst %/,%,$(dir $(srctree)))
+endif
+
 CFLAGS += -g $(OPT_FLAGS) -rdynamic					\
 	  -Wall -Werror -fno-omit-frame-pointer				\
 	  $(GENFLAGS) $(SAN_CFLAGS) $(LIBELF_CFLAGS)			\
@@ -60,6 +67,9 @@ progs/timer_crash.c-CFLAGS := -fno-strict-aliasing
 progs/test_global_func9.c-CFLAGS := -fno-strict-aliasing
 progs/verifier_nocsr.c-CFLAGS := -fno-strict-aliasing
 
+# Some utility functions use LLVM libraries
+jit_disasm_helpers.c-CFLAGS = $(LLVM_CFLAGS)
+
 ifneq ($(LLVM),)
 # Silence some warnings when compiled with clang
 CFLAGS += -Wno-unused-command-line-argument
@@ -168,6 +178,31 @@ endef
 
 include ../lib.mk
 
+NON_CHECK_FEAT_TARGETS := clean docs-clean
+CHECK_FEAT := $(filter-out $(NON_CHECK_FEAT_TARGETS),$(or $(MAKECMDGOALS), "none"))
+ifneq ($(CHECK_FEAT),)
+FEATURE_USER := .selftests
+FEATURE_TESTS := llvm
+FEATURE_DISPLAY := $(FEATURE_TESTS)
+
+# Makefile.feature expects OUTPUT to end with a slash
+$(let OUTPUT,$(OUTPUT)/,\
+	$(eval include ../../../build/Makefile.feature))
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(feature-llvm),1)
+  LLVM_CFLAGS  += -DHAVE_LLVM_SUPPORT
+  LLVM_CONFIG_LIB_COMPONENTS := mcdisassembler all-targets
+  # both llvm-config and lib.mk add -D_GNU_SOURCE, which ends up as conflict
+  LLVM_CFLAGS  += $(filter-out -D_GNU_SOURCE,$(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --cflags))
+  LLVM_LDLIBS  += $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --libs $(LLVM_CONFIG_LIB_COMPONENTS))
+  ifeq ($(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --shared-mode),static)
+    LLVM_LDLIBS += $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --system-libs $(LLVM_CONFIG_LIB_COMPONENTS))
+    LLVM_LDLIBS += -lstdc++
+  endif
+  LLVM_LDFLAGS += $(shell $(LLVM_CONFIG) --ldflags)
+endif
+
 SCRATCH_DIR := $(OUTPUT)/tools
 BUILD_DIR := $(SCRATCH_DIR)/build
 INCLUDE_DIR := $(SCRATCH_DIR)/include
@@ -612,6 +647,10 @@ ifeq ($(filter clean docs-clean,$(MAKECMDGOALS)),)
 include $(wildcard $(TRUNNER_TEST_OBJS:.o=.d))
 endif
 
+# add per extra obj CFGLAGS definitions
+$(foreach N,$(patsubst $(TRUNNER_OUTPUT)/%.o,%,$(TRUNNER_EXTRA_OBJS)),	\
+	$(eval $(TRUNNER_OUTPUT)/$(N).o: CFLAGS += $($(N).c-CFLAGS)))
+
 $(TRUNNER_EXTRA_OBJS): $(TRUNNER_OUTPUT)/%.o:				\
 		       %.c						\
 		       $(TRUNNER_EXTRA_HDRS)				\
@@ -628,6 +667,9 @@ ifneq ($2:$(OUTPUT),:$(shell pwd))
 	$(Q)rsync -aq $$^ $(TRUNNER_OUTPUT)/
 endif
 
+$(OUTPUT)/$(TRUNNER_BINARY): LDLIBS += $$(LLVM_LDLIBS)
+$(OUTPUT)/$(TRUNNER_BINARY): LDFLAGS += $$(LLVM_LDFLAGS)
+
 # some X.test.o files have runtime dependencies on Y.bpf.o files
 $(OUTPUT)/$(TRUNNER_BINARY): | $(TRUNNER_BPF_OBJS)
 
@@ -637,7 +679,7 @@ $(OUTPUT)/$(TRUNNER_BINARY): $(TRUNNER_TEST_OBJS)			\
 			     $(TRUNNER_BPFTOOL)				\
 			     | $(TRUNNER_BINARY)-extras
 	$$(call msg,BINARY,,$$@)
-	$(Q)$$(CC) $$(CFLAGS) $$(filter %.a %.o,$$^) $$(LDLIBS) -o $$@
+	$(Q)$$(CC) $$(CFLAGS) $$(filter %.a %.o,$$^) $$(LDLIBS) $$(LDFLAGS) -o $$@
 	$(Q)$(RESOLVE_BTFIDS) --btf $(TRUNNER_OUTPUT)/btf_data.bpf.o $$@
 	$(Q)ln -sf $(if $2,..,.)/tools/build/bpftool/$(USE_BOOTSTRAP)bpftool \
 		   $(OUTPUT)/$(if $2,$2/)bpftool
@@ -656,6 +698,7 @@ TRUNNER_EXTRA_SOURCES := test_progs.c		\
 			 cap_helpers.c		\
 			 unpriv_helpers.c 	\
 			 netlink_helpers.c	\
+			 jit_disasm_helpers.c	\
 			 test_loader.c		\
 			 xsk.c			\
 			 disasm.c		\
@@ -798,7 +841,8 @@ EXTRA_CLEAN := $(SCRATCH_DIR) $(HOST_SCRATCH_DIR)			\
 	$(addprefix $(OUTPUT)/,*.o *.d *.skel.h *.lskel.h *.subskel.h	\
 			       no_alu32 cpuv4 bpf_gcc bpf_testmod.ko	\
 			       bpf_test_no_cfi.ko			\
-			       liburandom_read.so)
+			       liburandom_read.so)			\
+	$(OUTPUT)/FEATURE-DUMP.selftests
 
 .PHONY: docs docs-clean
 

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/jit_disasm_helpers.c

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: (LGPL-2.1 OR BSD-2-Clause)
+#include <bpf/bpf.h>
+#include <bpf/libbpf.h>
+#include <test_progs.h>
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LLVM_SUPPORT
+
+#include <llvm-c/Core.h>
+#include <llvm-c/Disassembler.h>
+#include <llvm-c/Target.h>
+#include <llvm-c/TargetMachine.h>
+
+/* The intent is to use get_jited_program_text() for small test
+ * programs written in BPF assembly, thus assume that 32 local labels
+ * would be sufficient.
+ */
+#define MAX_LOCAL_LABELS 32
+
+static bool llvm_initialized;
+
+struct local_labels {
+	bool print_phase;
+	__u32 prog_len;
+	__u32 cnt;
+	__u32 pcs[MAX_LOCAL_LABELS];
+	char names[MAX_LOCAL_LABELS][4];
+};
+
+static const char *lookup_symbol(void *data, uint64_t ref_value, uint64_t *ref_type,
+				 uint64_t ref_pc, const char **ref_name)
+{
+	struct local_labels *labels = data;
+	uint64_t type = *ref_type;
+	int i;
+
+	*ref_type = LLVMDisassembler_ReferenceType_InOut_None;
+	*ref_name = NULL;
+	if (type != LLVMDisassembler_ReferenceType_In_Branch)
+		return NULL;
+	/* Depending on labels->print_phase either discover local labels or
+	 * return a name assigned with local jump target:
+	 * - if print_phase is true and ref_value is in labels->pcs,
+	 *   return corresponding labels->name.
+	 * - if print_phase is false, save program-local jump targets
+	 *   in labels->pcs;
+	 */
+	if (labels->print_phase) {
+		for (i = 0; i < labels->cnt; ++i)
+			if (labels->pcs[i] == ref_value)
+				return labels->names[i];
+	} else {
+		if (labels->cnt < MAX_LOCAL_LABELS && ref_value < labels->prog_len)
+			labels->pcs[labels->cnt++] = ref_value;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int disasm_insn(LLVMDisasmContextRef ctx, uint8_t *image, __u32 len, __u32 pc,
+		       char *buf, __u32 buf_sz)
+{
+	int i, cnt;
+
+	cnt = LLVMDisasmInstruction(ctx, image + pc, len - pc, pc,
+				    buf, buf_sz);
+	if (cnt > 0)
+		return cnt;
+	PRINT_FAIL("Can't disasm instruction at offset %d:", pc);
+	for (i = 0; i < 16 && pc + i < len; ++i)
+		printf(" %02x", image[pc + i]);
+	printf("\n");
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+static int cmp_u32(const void *_a, const void *_b)
+{
+	__u32 a = *(__u32 *)_a;
+	__u32 b = *(__u32 *)_b;
+
+	if (a < b)
+		return -1;
+	if (a > b)
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int disasm_one_func(FILE *text_out, uint8_t *image, __u32 len)
+{
+	char *label, *colon, *triple = NULL;
+	LLVMDisasmContextRef ctx = NULL;
+	struct local_labels labels = {};
+	__u32 *label_pc, pc;
+	int i, cnt, err = 0;
+	char buf[64];
+
+	triple = LLVMGetDefaultTargetTriple();
+	ctx = LLVMCreateDisasm(triple, &labels, 0, NULL, lookup_symbol);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(ctx, "LLVMCreateDisasm")) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	cnt = LLVMSetDisasmOptions(ctx, LLVMDisassembler_Option_PrintImmHex);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(cnt, 1, "LLVMSetDisasmOptions")) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* discover labels */
+	labels.prog_len = len;
+	pc = 0;
+	while (pc < len) {
+		cnt = disasm_insn(ctx, image, len, pc, buf, 1);
+		if (cnt < 0) {
+			err = cnt;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		pc += cnt;
+	}
+	qsort(labels.pcs, labels.cnt, sizeof(*labels.pcs), cmp_u32);
+	for (i = 0; i < labels.cnt; ++i)
+		/* use (i % 100) to avoid format truncation warning */
+		snprintf(labels.names[i], sizeof(labels.names[i]), "L%d", i % 100);
+
+	/* now print with labels */
+	labels.print_phase = true;
+	pc = 0;
+	while (pc < len) {
+		cnt = disasm_insn(ctx, image, len, pc, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		if (cnt < 0) {
+			err = cnt;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		label_pc = bsearch(&pc, labels.pcs, labels.cnt, sizeof(*labels.pcs), cmp_u32);
+		label = "";
+		colon = "";
+		if (label_pc) {
+			label = labels.names[label_pc - labels.pcs];
+			colon = ":";
+		}
+		fprintf(text_out, "%x:\t", pc);
+		for (i = 0; i < cnt; ++i)
+			fprintf(text_out, "%02x ", image[pc + i]);
+		for (i = cnt * 3; i < 12 * 3; ++i)
+			fputc(' ', text_out);
+		fprintf(text_out, "%s%s%s\n", label, colon, buf);
+		pc += cnt;
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (triple)
+		LLVMDisposeMessage(triple);
+	if (ctx)
+		LLVMDisasmDispose(ctx);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int get_jited_program_text(int fd, char *text, size_t text_sz)
+{
+	struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
+	__u32 info_len = sizeof(info);
+	__u32 jited_funcs, len, pc;
+	__u32 *func_lens = NULL;
+	FILE *text_out = NULL;
+	uint8_t *image = NULL;
+	int i, err = 0;
+
+	if (!llvm_initialized) {
+		LLVMInitializeAllTargetInfos();
+		LLVMInitializeAllTargetMCs();
+		LLVMInitializeAllDisassemblers();
+		llvm_initialized = 1;
+	}
+
+	text_out = fmemopen(text, text_sz, "w");
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(text_out, "open_memstream")) {
+		err = -errno;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* first call is to find out jited program len */
+	err = bpf_prog_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &info_len);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "bpf_prog_get_info_by_fd #1"))
+		goto out;
+
+	len = info.jited_prog_len;
+	image = malloc(len);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(image, "malloc(info.jited_prog_len)")) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	jited_funcs = info.nr_jited_func_lens;
+	func_lens = malloc(jited_funcs * sizeof(__u32));
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(func_lens, "malloc(info.nr_jited_func_lens)")) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
+	info.jited_prog_insns = (__u64)image;
+	info.jited_prog_len = len;
+	info.jited_func_lens = (__u64)func_lens;
+	info.nr_jited_func_lens = jited_funcs;
+	err = bpf_prog_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &info_len);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "bpf_prog_get_info_by_fd #2"))
+		goto out;
+
+	for (pc = 0, i = 0; i < jited_funcs; ++i) {
+		fprintf(text_out, "func #%d:\n", i);
+		disasm_one_func(text_out, image + pc, func_lens[i]);
+		fprintf(text_out, "\n");
+		pc += func_lens[i];
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (text_out)
+		fclose(text_out);
+	if (image)
+		free(image);
+	if (func_lens)
+		free(func_lens);
+	return err;
+}
+
+#else /* HAVE_LLVM_SUPPORT */
+
+int get_jited_program_text(int fd, char *text, size_t text_sz)
+{
+	if (env.verbosity >= VERBOSE_VERY)
+		printf("compiled w/o llvm development libraries, can't dis-assembly binary code");
+	return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+#endif /* HAVE_LLVM_SUPPORT */

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/jit_disasm_helpers.h

+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: (LGPL-2.1 OR BSD-2-Clause) */
+
+#ifndef __JIT_DISASM_HELPERS_H
+#define __JIT_DISASM_HELPERS_H
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+int get_jited_program_text(int fd, char *text, size_t text_sz);
+
+#endif /* __JIT_DISASM_HELPERS_H */

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/verifier.c

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 #include "verifier_stack_ptr.skel.h"
 #include "verifier_subprog_precision.skel.h"
 #include "verifier_subreg.skel.h"
+#include "verifier_tailcall_jit.skel.h"
 #include "verifier_typedef.skel.h"
 #include "verifier_uninit.skel.h"
 #include "verifier_unpriv.skel.h"
@@ -198,6 +199,7 @@ void test_verifier_spin_lock(void)            { RUN(verifier_spin_lock); }
 void test_verifier_stack_ptr(void)            { RUN(verifier_stack_ptr); }
 void test_verifier_subprog_precision(void)    { RUN(verifier_subprog_precision); }
 void test_verifier_subreg(void)               { RUN(verifier_subreg); }
+void test_verifier_tailcall_jit(void)         { RUN(verifier_tailcall_jit); }
 void test_verifier_typedef(void)              { RUN(verifier_typedef); }
 void test_verifier_uninit(void)               { RUN(verifier_uninit); }
 void test_verifier_unpriv(void)               { RUN(verifier_unpriv); }

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/bpf_misc.h

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 #ifndef __BPF_MISC_H__
 #define __BPF_MISC_H__
 
+#define XSTR(s) STR(s)
+#define STR(s) #s
+
 /* This set of attributes controls behavior of the
  * test_loader.c:test_loader__run_subtests().
  *
@@ -22,14 +25,50 @@
  *
  * __msg             Message expected to be found in the verifier log.
  *                   Multiple __msg attributes could be specified.
+ *                   To match a regular expression use "{{" "}}" brackets,
+ *                   e.g. "foo{{[0-9]+}}"  matches strings like "foo007".
+ *                   Extended POSIX regular expression syntax is allowed
+ *                   inside the brackets.
  * __msg_unpriv      Same as __msg but for unprivileged mode.
  *
- * __regex           Same as __msg, but using a regular expression.
- * __regex_unpriv    Same as __msg_unpriv but using a regular expression.
  * __xlated          Expect a line in a disassembly log after verifier applies rewrites.
  *                   Multiple __xlated attributes could be specified.
+ *                   Regular expressions could be specified same way as in __msg.
  * __xlated_unpriv   Same as __xlated but for unprivileged mode.
  *
+ * __jited           Match a line in a disassembly of the jited BPF program.
+ *                   Has to be used after __arch_* macro.
+ *                   For example:
+ *
+ *                       __arch_x86_64
+ *                       __jited("   endbr64")
+ *                       __jited("   nopl    (%rax,%rax)")
+ *                       __jited("   xorq    %rax, %rax")
+ *                       ...
+ *                       __naked void some_test(void)
+ *                       {
+ *                           asm volatile (... ::: __clobber_all);
+ *                       }
+ *
+ *                   Regular expressions could be included in patterns same way
+ *                   as in __msg.
+ *
+ *                   By default assume that each pattern has to be matched on the
+ *                   next consecutive line of disassembly, e.g.:
+ *
+ *                       __jited("   endbr64")             # matched on line N
+ *                       __jited("   nopl    (%rax,%rax)") # matched on line N+1
+ *
+ *                   If match occurs on a wrong line an error is reported.
+ *                   To override this behaviour use literal "...", e.g.:
+ *
+ *                       __jited("   endbr64")             # matched on line N
+ *                       __jited("...")                    # not matched
+ *                       __jited("   nopl    (%rax,%rax)") # matched on any line >= N
+ *
+ * __jited_unpriv    Same as __jited but for unprivileged mode.
+ *
+ *
  * __success         Expect program load success in privileged mode.
  * __success_unpriv  Expect program load success in unprivileged mode.
  *
@@ -68,15 +107,15 @@
  *                   Several __arch_* annotations could be specified at once.
  *                   When test case is not run on current arch it is marked as skipped.
  */
-#define __msg(msg)		__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_expect_msg=" msg)))
-#define __regex(regex)		__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_expect_regex=" regex)))
-#define __xlated(msg)		__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_expect_xlated=" msg)))
+#define __msg(msg)		__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_expect_msg=" XSTR(__COUNTER__) "=" msg)))
+#define __xlated(msg)		__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_expect_xlated=" XSTR(__COUNTER__) "=" msg)))
+#define __jited(msg)		__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_jited=" XSTR(__COUNTER__) "=" msg)))
 #define __failure		__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_expect_failure")))
 #define __success		__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_expect_success")))
 #define __description(desc)	__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_description=" desc)))
-#define __msg_unpriv(msg)	__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_expect_msg_unpriv=" msg)))
-#define __regex_unpriv(regex)	__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_expect_regex_unpriv=" regex)))
-#define __xlated_unpriv(msg)	__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_expect_xlated_unpriv=" msg)))
+#define __msg_unpriv(msg)	__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_expect_msg_unpriv=" XSTR(__COUNTER__) "=" msg)))
+#define __xlated_unpriv(msg)	__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_expect_xlated_unpriv=" XSTR(__COUNTER__) "=" msg)))
+#define __jited_unpriv(msg)	__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_jited=" XSTR(__COUNTER__) "=" msg)))
 #define __failure_unpriv	__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_expect_failure_unpriv")))
 #define __success_unpriv	__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_expect_success_unpriv")))
 #define __log_level(lvl)	__attribute__((btf_decl_tag("comment:test_log_level="#lvl)))

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/dynptr_fail.c

@@ -964,7 +964,7 @@ int dynptr_invalidate_slice_reinit(void *ctx)
  * mem_or_null pointers.
  */
 SEC("?raw_tp")
-__failure __regex("R[0-9]+ type=scalar expected=percpu_ptr_")
+__failure __msg("R{{[0-9]+}} type=scalar expected=percpu_ptr_")
 int dynptr_invalidate_slice_or_null(void *ctx)
 {
 	struct bpf_dynptr ptr;
@@ -982,7 +982,7 @@ int dynptr_invalidate_slice_or_null(void *ctx)
 
 /* Destruction of dynptr should also any slices obtained from it */
 SEC("?raw_tp")
-__failure __regex("R[0-9]+ invalid mem access 'scalar'")
+__failure __msg("R{{[0-9]+}} invalid mem access 'scalar'")
 int dynptr_invalidate_slice_failure(void *ctx)
 {
 	struct bpf_dynptr ptr1;
@@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ int dynptr_read_into_slot(void *ctx)
 
 /* bpf_dynptr_slice()s are read-only and cannot be written to */
 SEC("?tc")
-__failure __regex("R[0-9]+ cannot write into rdonly_mem")
+__failure __msg("R{{[0-9]+}} cannot write into rdonly_mem")
 int skb_invalid_slice_write(struct __sk_buff *skb)
 {
 	struct bpf_dynptr ptr;

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/rbtree_fail.c

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ long rbtree_api_remove_unadded_node(void *ctx)
 }
 
 SEC("?tc")
-__failure __regex("Unreleased reference id=3 alloc_insn=[0-9]+")
+__failure __msg("Unreleased reference id=3 alloc_insn={{[0-9]+}}")
 long rbtree_api_remove_no_drop(void *ctx)
 {
 	struct bpf_rb_node *res;

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/refcounted_kptr_fail.c

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ static bool less(struct bpf_rb_node *a, const struct bpf_rb_node *b)
 }
 
 SEC("?tc")
-__failure __regex("Unreleased reference id=4 alloc_insn=[0-9]+")
+__failure __msg("Unreleased reference id=4 alloc_insn={{[0-9]+}}")
 long rbtree_refcounted_node_ref_escapes(void *ctx)
 {
 	struct node_acquire *n, *m;
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ long refcount_acquire_maybe_null(void *ctx)
 }
 
 SEC("?tc")
-__failure __regex("Unreleased reference id=3 alloc_insn=[0-9]+")
+__failure __msg("Unreleased reference id=3 alloc_insn={{[0-9]+}}")
 long rbtree_refcounted_node_ref_escapes_owning_input(void *ctx)
 {
 	struct node_acquire *n, *m;

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_nocsr.c

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ __naked void canary_arm64_riscv64(void)
 SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __xlated("1: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("3: exit")
 __success
 __naked void canary_zero_spills(void)
@@ -94,7 +95,9 @@ SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __log_level(4) __msg("stack depth 16")
 __xlated("1: *(u64 *)(r10 -16) = r1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("3: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("5: r2 = *(u64 *)(r10 -16)")
 __success
 __naked void wrong_reg_in_pattern1(void)
@@ -113,7 +116,9 @@ __naked void wrong_reg_in_pattern1(void)
 SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __xlated("1: *(u64 *)(r10 -16) = r6")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("3: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("5: r6 = *(u64 *)(r10 -16)")
 __success
 __naked void wrong_reg_in_pattern2(void)
@@ -132,7 +137,9 @@ __naked void wrong_reg_in_pattern2(void)
 SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __xlated("1: *(u64 *)(r10 -16) = r0")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("3: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("5: r0 = *(u64 *)(r10 -16)")
 __success
 __naked void wrong_reg_in_pattern3(void)
@@ -151,7 +158,9 @@ __naked void wrong_reg_in_pattern3(void)
 SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __xlated("2: *(u64 *)(r2 -16) = r1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("4: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("6: r1 = *(u64 *)(r10 -16)")
 __success
 __naked void wrong_base_in_pattern(void)
@@ -171,7 +180,9 @@ __naked void wrong_base_in_pattern(void)
 SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __xlated("1: *(u64 *)(r10 -16) = r1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("3: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("5: r2 = 1")
 __success
 __naked void wrong_insn_in_pattern(void)
@@ -191,7 +202,9 @@ __naked void wrong_insn_in_pattern(void)
 SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __xlated("2: *(u64 *)(r10 -16) = r1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("4: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("6: r1 = *(u64 *)(r10 -8)")
 __success
 __naked void wrong_off_in_pattern1(void)
@@ -211,7 +224,9 @@ __naked void wrong_off_in_pattern1(void)
 SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __xlated("1: *(u32 *)(r10 -4) = r1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("3: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("5: r1 = *(u32 *)(r10 -4)")
 __success
 __naked void wrong_off_in_pattern2(void)
@@ -230,7 +245,9 @@ __naked void wrong_off_in_pattern2(void)
 SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __xlated("1: *(u32 *)(r10 -16) = r1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("3: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("5: r1 = *(u32 *)(r10 -16)")
 __success
 __naked void wrong_size_in_pattern(void)
@@ -249,7 +266,9 @@ __naked void wrong_size_in_pattern(void)
 SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __xlated("2: *(u32 *)(r10 -8) = r1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("4: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("6: r1 = *(u32 *)(r10 -8)")
 __success
 __naked void partial_pattern(void)
@@ -275,11 +294,15 @@ __xlated("1: r2 = 2")
 /* not patched, spills for -8, -16 not removed */
 __xlated("2: *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = r1")
 __xlated("3: *(u64 *)(r10 -16) = r2")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("5: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("7: r2 = *(u64 *)(r10 -16)")
 __xlated("8: r1 = *(u64 *)(r10 -8)")
 /* patched, spills for -24, -32 removed */
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("10: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("12: exit")
 __success
 __naked void min_stack_offset(void)
@@ -308,7 +331,9 @@ __naked void min_stack_offset(void)
 SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __xlated("1: *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = r1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("3: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("5: r1 = *(u64 *)(r10 -8)")
 __success
 __naked void bad_fixed_read(void)
@@ -330,7 +355,9 @@ __naked void bad_fixed_read(void)
 SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __xlated("1: *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = r1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("3: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("5: r1 = *(u64 *)(r10 -8)")
 __success
 __naked void bad_fixed_write(void)
@@ -352,7 +379,9 @@ __naked void bad_fixed_write(void)
 SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __xlated("6: *(u64 *)(r10 -16) = r1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("8: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("10: r1 = *(u64 *)(r10 -16)")
 __success
 __naked void bad_varying_read(void)
@@ -379,7 +408,9 @@ __naked void bad_varying_read(void)
 SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __xlated("6: *(u64 *)(r10 -16) = r1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("8: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("10: r1 = *(u64 *)(r10 -16)")
 __success
 __naked void bad_varying_write(void)
@@ -406,7 +437,9 @@ __naked void bad_varying_write(void)
 SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __xlated("1: *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = r1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("3: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("5: r1 = *(u64 *)(r10 -8)")
 __success
 __naked void bad_write_in_subprog(void)
@@ -438,7 +471,9 @@ __naked static void bad_write_in_subprog_aux(void)
 SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 __xlated("1: *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = r1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("3: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("5: r1 = *(u64 *)(r10 -8)")
 __success
 __naked void bad_helper_write(void)
@@ -466,13 +501,19 @@ SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 /* main, not patched */
 __xlated("1: *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = r1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("3: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("5: r1 = *(u64 *)(r10 -8)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("9: call pc+1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("10: exit")
 /* subprogram, patched */
 __xlated("11: r1 = 1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("13: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("15: exit")
 __success
 __naked void invalidate_one_subprog(void)
@@ -510,12 +551,16 @@ SEC("raw_tp")
 __arch_x86_64
 /* main */
 __xlated("0: r1 = 1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("2: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("4: call pc+1")
 __xlated("5: exit")
 /* subprogram */
 __xlated("6: r1 = 1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("8: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("10: *(u64 *)(r10 -16) = r1")
 __xlated("11: exit")
 __success
@@ -576,7 +621,9 @@ __log_level(4) __msg("stack depth 16")
 /* may_goto counter at -16 */
 __xlated("0: *(u64 *)(r10 -16) =")
 __xlated("1: r1 = 1")
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("3: r0 = &(void __percpu *)(r0)")
+__xlated("...")
 /* may_goto expansion starts */
 __xlated("5: r11 = *(u64 *)(r10 -16)")
 __xlated("6: if r11 == 0x0 goto pc+3")
@@ -623,13 +670,15 @@ __xlated("5: r0 = *(u32 *)(r0 +0)")
 __xlated("6: r2 =")
 __xlated("7: r3 = 0")
 __xlated("8: r4 = 0")
+__xlated("...")
 /* ... part of the inlined bpf_loop */
 __xlated("12: *(u64 *)(r10 -32) = r6")
 __xlated("13: *(u64 *)(r10 -24) = r7")
 __xlated("14: *(u64 *)(r10 -16) = r8")
-/* ... */
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("21: call pc+8") /* dummy_loop_callback */
 /* ... last insns of the bpf_loop_interaction1 */
+__xlated("...")
 __xlated("28: r0 = 0")
 __xlated("29: exit")
 /* dummy_loop_callback */
@@ -670,7 +719,7 @@ __xlated("5: r0 = *(u32 *)(r0 +0)")
 __xlated("6: *(u64 *)(r10 -16) = r1")
 __xlated("7: call")
 __xlated("8: r1 = *(u64 *)(r10 -16)")
-/* ... */
+__xlated("...")
 /* ... part of the inlined bpf_loop */
 __xlated("15: *(u64 *)(r10 -40) = r6")
 __xlated("16: *(u64 *)(r10 -32) = r7")

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_spill_fill.c

@@ -1213,10 +1213,10 @@ __success  __log_level(2)
  * - once for path entry - label 2;
  * - once for path entry - label 1 - label 2.
  */
-__msg("r1 = *(u64 *)(r10 -8)")
-__msg("exit")
-__msg("r1 = *(u64 *)(r10 -8)")
-__msg("exit")
+__msg("8: (79) r1 = *(u64 *)(r10 -8)")
+__msg("9: (95) exit")
+__msg("from 2 to 7")
+__msg("8: safe")
 __msg("processed 11 insns")
 __flag(BPF_F_TEST_STATE_FREQ)
 __naked void old_stack_misc_vs_cur_ctx_ptr(void)

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/verifier_tailcall_jit.c

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+#include "bpf_misc.h"
+
+int main(void);
+
+struct {
+	__uint(type, BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY);
+	__uint(max_entries, 1);
+	__uint(key_size, sizeof(__u32));
+	__array(values, void (void));
+} jmp_table SEC(".maps") = {
+	.values = {
+		[0] = (void *) &main,
+	},
+};
+
+__noinline __auxiliary
+static __naked int sub(void)
+{
+	asm volatile (
+	"r2 = %[jmp_table] ll;"
+	"r3 = 0;"
+	"call 12;"
+	"exit;"
+	:
+	: __imm_addr(jmp_table)
+	: __clobber_all);
+}
+
+__success
+__arch_x86_64
+/* program entry for main(), regular function prologue */
+__jited("	endbr64")
+__jited("	nopl	(%rax,%rax)")
+__jited("	xorq	%rax, %rax")
+__jited("	pushq	%rbp")
+__jited("	movq	%rsp, %rbp")
+/* tail call prologue for program:
+ * - establish memory location for tail call counter at &rbp[-8];
+ * - spill tail_call_cnt_ptr at &rbp[-16];
+ * - expect tail call counter to be passed in rax;
+ * - for entry program rax is a raw counter, value < 33;
+ * - for tail called program rax is tail_call_cnt_ptr (value > 33).
+ */
+__jited("	endbr64")
+__jited("	cmpq	$0x21, %rax")
+__jited("	ja	L0")
+__jited("	pushq	%rax")
+__jited("	movq	%rsp, %rax")
+__jited("	jmp	L1")
+__jited("L0:	pushq	%rax")			/* rbp[-8]  = rax         */
+__jited("L1:	pushq	%rax")			/* rbp[-16] = rax         */
+/* on subprogram call restore rax to be tail_call_cnt_ptr from rbp[-16]
+ * (cause original rax might be clobbered by this point)
+ */
+__jited("	movq	-0x10(%rbp), %rax")
+__jited("	callq	0x{{.*}}")		/* call to sub()          */
+__jited("	xorl	%eax, %eax")
+__jited("	leave")
+__jited("	retq")
+__jited("...")
+/* subprogram entry for sub(), regular function prologue */
+__jited("	endbr64")
+__jited("	nopl	(%rax,%rax)")
+__jited("	nopl	(%rax)")
+__jited("	pushq	%rbp")
+__jited("	movq	%rsp, %rbp")
+/* tail call prologue for subprogram address of tail call counter
+ * stored at rbp[-16].
+ */
+__jited("	endbr64")
+__jited("	pushq	%rax")			/* rbp[-8]  = rax          */
+__jited("	pushq	%rax")			/* rbp[-16] = rax          */
+__jited("	movabsq	${{.*}}, %rsi")		/* r2 = &jmp_table         */
+__jited("	xorl	%edx, %edx")		/* r3 = 0                  */
+/* bpf_tail_call implementation:
+ * - load tail_call_cnt_ptr from rbp[-16];
+ * - if *tail_call_cnt_ptr < 33, increment it and jump to target;
+ * - otherwise do nothing.
+ */
+__jited("	movq	-0x10(%rbp), %rax")
+__jited("	cmpq	$0x21, (%rax)")
+__jited("	jae	L0")
+__jited("	nopl	(%rax,%rax)")
+__jited("	addq	$0x1, (%rax)")		/* *tail_call_cnt_ptr += 1 */
+__jited("	popq	%rax")
+__jited("	popq	%rax")
+__jited("	jmp	{{.*}}")		/* jump to tail call tgt   */
+__jited("L0:	leave")
+__jited("	retq")
+SEC("tc")
+__naked int main(void)
+{
+	asm volatile (
+	"call %[sub];"
+	"r0 = 0;"
+	"exit;"
+	:
+	: __imm(sub)
+	: __clobber_all);
+}
+
+char __license[] SEC("license") = "GPL";

tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_loader.c

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "disasm_helpers.h"
 #include "unpriv_helpers.h"
 #include "cap_helpers.h"
+#include "jit_disasm_helpers.h"
 
 #define str_has_pfx(str, pfx) \
 	(strncmp(str, pfx, __builtin_constant_p(pfx) ? sizeof(pfx) - 1 : strlen(pfx)) == 0)
@@ -19,12 +20,10 @@
 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_FAILURE "comment:test_expect_failure"
 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_SUCCESS "comment:test_expect_success"
 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_MSG_PFX "comment:test_expect_msg="
-#define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_REGEX_PFX "comment:test_expect_regex="
 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_XLATED_PFX "comment:test_expect_xlated="
 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_FAILURE_UNPRIV "comment:test_expect_failure_unpriv"
 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_SUCCESS_UNPRIV "comment:test_expect_success_unpriv"
 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_MSG_PFX_UNPRIV "comment:test_expect_msg_unpriv="
-#define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_REGEX_PFX_UNPRIV "comment:test_expect_regex_unpriv="
 #define TEST_TAG_EXPECT_XLATED_PFX_UNPRIV "comment:test_expect_xlated_unpriv="
 #define TEST_TAG_LOG_LEVEL_PFX "comment:test_log_level="
 #define TEST_TAG_PROG_FLAGS_PFX "comment:test_prog_flags="
@@ -35,6 +34,8 @@
 #define TEST_TAG_AUXILIARY_UNPRIV "comment:test_auxiliary_unpriv"
 #define TEST_BTF_PATH "comment:test_btf_path="
 #define TEST_TAG_ARCH "comment:test_arch="
+#define TEST_TAG_JITED_PFX "comment:test_jited="
+#define TEST_TAG_JITED_PFX_UNPRIV "comment:test_jited_unpriv="
 
 /* Warning: duplicated in bpf_misc.h */
 #define POINTER_VALUE	0xcafe4all
@@ -55,8 +56,9 @@ enum mode {
 
 struct expect_msg {
 	const char *substr; /* substring match */
-	const char *regex_str; /* regex-based match */
 	regex_t regex;
+	bool is_regex;
+	bool on_next_line;
 };
 
 struct expected_msgs {
@@ -69,6 +71,7 @@ struct test_subspec {
 	bool expect_failure;
 	struct expected_msgs expect_msgs;
 	struct expected_msgs expect_xlated;
+	struct expected_msgs jited;
 	int retval;
 	bool execute;
 };
@@ -111,7 +114,7 @@ static void free_msgs(struct expected_msgs *msgs)
 	int i;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < msgs->cnt; i++)
-		if (msgs->patterns[i].regex_str)
+		if (msgs->patterns[i].is_regex)
 			regfree(&msgs->patterns[i].regex);
 	free(msgs->patterns);
 	msgs->patterns = NULL;
@@ -125,6 +128,8 @@ static void free_test_spec(struct test_spec *spec)
 	free_msgs(&spec->unpriv.expect_msgs);
 	free_msgs(&spec->priv.expect_xlated);
 	free_msgs(&spec->unpriv.expect_xlated);
+	free_msgs(&spec->priv.jited);
+	free_msgs(&spec->unpriv.jited);
 
 	free(spec->priv.name);
 	free(spec->unpriv.name);
@@ -132,12 +137,71 @@ static void free_test_spec(struct test_spec *spec)
 	spec->unpriv.name = NULL;
 }
 
-static int push_msg(const char *substr, const char *regex_str, struct expected_msgs *msgs)
+/* Compiles regular expression matching pattern.
+ * Pattern has a special syntax:
+ *
+ *   pattern := (<verbatim text> | regex)*
+ *   regex := "{{" <posix extended regular expression> "}}"
+ *
+ * In other words, pattern is a verbatim text with inclusion
+ * of regular expressions enclosed in "{{" "}}" pairs.
+ * For example, pattern "foo{{[0-9]+}}" matches strings like
+ * "foo0", "foo007", etc.
+ */
+static int compile_regex(const char *pattern, regex_t *regex)
+{
+	char err_buf[256], buf[256] = {}, *ptr, *buf_end;
+	const char *original_pattern = pattern;
+	bool in_regex = false;
+	int err;
+
+	buf_end = buf + sizeof(buf);
+	ptr = buf;
+	while (*pattern && ptr < buf_end - 2) {
+		if (!in_regex && str_has_pfx(pattern, "{{")) {
+			in_regex = true;
+			pattern += 2;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (in_regex && str_has_pfx(pattern, "}}")) {
+			in_regex = false;
+			pattern += 2;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (in_regex) {
+			*ptr++ = *pattern++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		/* list of characters that need escaping for extended posix regex */
+		if (strchr(".[]\\()*+?{}|^$", *pattern)) {
+			*ptr++ = '\\';
+			*ptr++ = *pattern++;
+			continue;
+		}
+		*ptr++ = *pattern++;
+	}
+	if (*pattern) {
+		PRINT_FAIL("Regexp too long: '%s'\n", original_pattern);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	if (in_regex) {
+		PRINT_FAIL("Regexp has open '{{' but no closing '}}': '%s'\n", original_pattern);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	err = regcomp(regex, buf, REG_EXTENDED | REG_NEWLINE);
+	if (err != 0) {
+		regerror(err, regex, err_buf, sizeof(err_buf));
+		PRINT_FAIL("Regexp compilation error in '%s': '%s'\n", buf, err_buf);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int __push_msg(const char *pattern, bool on_next_line, struct expected_msgs *msgs)
 {
-	void *tmp;
-	int regcomp_res;
-	char error_msg[100];
 	struct expect_msg *msg;
+	void *tmp;
+	int err;
 
 	tmp = realloc(msgs->patterns,
 		      (1 + msgs->cnt) * sizeof(struct expect_msg));
@@ -147,23 +211,50 @@ static int push_msg(const char *substr, const char *regex_str, struct expected_m
 	}
 	msgs->patterns = tmp;
 	msg = &msgs->patterns[msgs->cnt];
+	msg->on_next_line = on_next_line;
+	msg->substr = pattern;
+	msg->is_regex = false;
+	if (strstr(pattern, "{{")) {
+		err = compile_regex(pattern, &msg->regex);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+		msg->is_regex = true;
+	}
+	msgs->cnt += 1;
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	if (substr) {
-		msg->substr = substr;
-		msg->regex_str = NULL;
-	} else {
-		msg->regex_str = regex_str;
-		msg->substr = NULL;
-		regcomp_res = regcomp(&msg->regex, regex_str, REG_EXTENDED|REG_NEWLINE);
-		if (regcomp_res != 0) {
-			regerror(regcomp_res, &msg->regex, error_msg, sizeof(error_msg));
-			PRINT_FAIL("Regexp compilation error in '%s': '%s'\n",
-				   regex_str, error_msg);
-			return -EINVAL;
-		}
+static int clone_msgs(struct expected_msgs *from, struct expected_msgs *to)
+{
+	struct expect_msg *msg;
+	int i, err;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < from->cnt; i++) {
+		msg = &from->patterns[i];
+		err = __push_msg(msg->substr, msg->on_next_line, to);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
 	}
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	msgs->cnt += 1;
+static int push_msg(const char *substr, struct expected_msgs *msgs)
+{
+	return __push_msg(substr, false, msgs);
+}
+
+static int push_disasm_msg(const char *regex_str, bool *on_next_line, struct expected_msgs *msgs)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (strcmp(regex_str, "...") == 0) {
+		*on_next_line = false;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	err = __push_msg(regex_str, *on_next_line, msgs);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	*on_next_line = true;
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -215,12 +306,53 @@ static void update_flags(int *flags, int flag, bool clear)
 		*flags |= flag;
 }
 
+/* Matches a string of form '<pfx>[^=]=.*' and returns it's suffix.
+ * Used to parse btf_decl_tag values.
+ * Such values require unique prefix because compiler does not add
+ * same __attribute__((btf_decl_tag(...))) twice.
+ * Test suite uses two-component tags for such cases:
+ *
+ *   <pfx> __COUNTER__ '='
+ *
+ * For example, two consecutive __msg tags '__msg("foo") __msg("foo")'
+ * would be encoded as:
+ *
+ *   [18] DECL_TAG 'comment:test_expect_msg=0=foo' type_id=15 component_idx=-1
+ *   [19] DECL_TAG 'comment:test_expect_msg=1=foo' type_id=15 component_idx=-1
+ *
+ * And the purpose of this function is to extract 'foo' from the above.
+ */
+static const char *skip_dynamic_pfx(const char *s, const char *pfx)
+{
+	const char *msg;
+
+	if (strncmp(s, pfx, strlen(pfx)) != 0)
+		return NULL;
+	msg = s + strlen(pfx);
+	msg = strchr(msg, '=');
+	if (!msg)
+		return NULL;
+	return msg + 1;
+}
+
 enum arch {
 	ARCH_X86_64	= 0x1,
 	ARCH_ARM64	= 0x2,
 	ARCH_RISCV64	= 0x4,
 };
 
+static int get_current_arch(void)
+{
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+	return ARCH_X86_64;
+#elif defined(__aarch64__)
+	return ARCH_ARM64;
+#elif defined(__riscv) && __riscv_xlen == 64
+	return ARCH_RISCV64;
+#endif
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /* Uses btf_decl_tag attributes to describe the expected test
  * behavior, see bpf_misc.h for detailed description of each attribute
  * and attribute combinations.
@@ -233,9 +365,15 @@ static int parse_test_spec(struct test_loader *tester,
 	const char *description = NULL;
 	bool has_unpriv_result = false;
 	bool has_unpriv_retval = false;
+	bool unpriv_xlated_on_next_line = true;
+	bool xlated_on_next_line = true;
+	bool unpriv_jit_on_next_line;
+	bool jit_on_next_line;
+	bool collect_jit = false;
 	int func_id, i, err = 0;
 	u32 arch_mask = 0;
 	struct btf *btf;
+	enum arch arch;
 
 	memset(spec, 0, sizeof(*spec));
 
@@ -290,39 +428,49 @@ static int parse_test_spec(struct test_loader *tester,
 		} else if (strcmp(s, TEST_TAG_AUXILIARY_UNPRIV) == 0) {
 			spec->auxiliary = true;
 			spec->mode_mask |= UNPRIV;
-		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_MSG_PFX)) {
-			msg = s + sizeof(TEST_TAG_EXPECT_MSG_PFX) - 1;
-			err = push_msg(msg, NULL, &spec->priv.expect_msgs);
+		} else if ((msg = skip_dynamic_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_MSG_PFX))) {
+			err = push_msg(msg, &spec->priv.expect_msgs);
 			if (err)
 				goto cleanup;
 			spec->mode_mask |= PRIV;
-		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_MSG_PFX_UNPRIV)) {
-			msg = s + sizeof(TEST_TAG_EXPECT_MSG_PFX_UNPRIV) - 1;
-			err = push_msg(msg, NULL, &spec->unpriv.expect_msgs);
+		} else if ((msg = skip_dynamic_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_MSG_PFX_UNPRIV))) {
+			err = push_msg(msg, &spec->unpriv.expect_msgs);
 			if (err)
 				goto cleanup;
 			spec->mode_mask |= UNPRIV;
-		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_REGEX_PFX)) {
-			msg = s + sizeof(TEST_TAG_EXPECT_REGEX_PFX) - 1;
-			err = push_msg(NULL, msg, &spec->priv.expect_msgs);
-			if (err)
+		} else if ((msg = skip_dynamic_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_JITED_PFX))) {
+			if (arch_mask == 0) {
+				PRINT_FAIL("__jited used before __arch_*");
 				goto cleanup;
-			spec->mode_mask |= PRIV;
-		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_REGEX_PFX_UNPRIV)) {
-			msg = s + sizeof(TEST_TAG_EXPECT_REGEX_PFX_UNPRIV) - 1;
-			err = push_msg(NULL, msg, &spec->unpriv.expect_msgs);
-			if (err)
+			}
+			if (collect_jit) {
+				err = push_disasm_msg(msg, &jit_on_next_line,
+						      &spec->priv.jited);
+				if (err)
+					goto cleanup;
+				spec->mode_mask |= PRIV;
+			}
+		} else if ((msg = skip_dynamic_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_JITED_PFX_UNPRIV))) {
+			if (arch_mask == 0) {
+				PRINT_FAIL("__unpriv_jited used before __arch_*");
 				goto cleanup;
-			spec->mode_mask |= UNPRIV;
-		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_XLATED_PFX)) {
-			msg = s + sizeof(TEST_TAG_EXPECT_XLATED_PFX) - 1;
-			err = push_msg(msg, NULL, &spec->priv.expect_xlated);
+			}
+			if (collect_jit) {
+				err = push_disasm_msg(msg, &unpriv_jit_on_next_line,
+						      &spec->unpriv.jited);
+				if (err)
+					goto cleanup;
+				spec->mode_mask |= UNPRIV;
+			}
+		} else if ((msg = skip_dynamic_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_XLATED_PFX))) {
+			err = push_disasm_msg(msg, &xlated_on_next_line,
+					      &spec->priv.expect_xlated);
 			if (err)
 				goto cleanup;
 			spec->mode_mask |= PRIV;
-		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_XLATED_PFX_UNPRIV)) {
-			msg = s + sizeof(TEST_TAG_EXPECT_XLATED_PFX_UNPRIV) - 1;
-			err = push_msg(msg, NULL, &spec->unpriv.expect_xlated);
+		} else if ((msg = skip_dynamic_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_EXPECT_XLATED_PFX_UNPRIV))) {
+			err = push_disasm_msg(msg, &unpriv_xlated_on_next_line,
+					      &spec->unpriv.expect_xlated);
 			if (err)
 				goto cleanup;
 			spec->mode_mask |= UNPRIV;
@@ -376,16 +524,20 @@ static int parse_test_spec(struct test_loader *tester,
 		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_TAG_ARCH)) {
 			val = s + sizeof(TEST_TAG_ARCH) - 1;
 			if (strcmp(val, "X86_64") == 0) {
-				arch_mask |= ARCH_X86_64;
+				arch = ARCH_X86_64;
 			} else if (strcmp(val, "ARM64") == 0) {
-				arch_mask |= ARCH_ARM64;
+				arch = ARCH_ARM64;
 			} else if (strcmp(val, "RISCV64") == 0) {
-				arch_mask |= ARCH_RISCV64;
+				arch = ARCH_RISCV64;
 			} else {
 				PRINT_FAIL("bad arch spec: '%s'", val);
 				err = -EINVAL;
 				goto cleanup;
 			}
+			arch_mask |= arch;
+			collect_jit = get_current_arch() == arch;
+			unpriv_jit_on_next_line = true;
+			jit_on_next_line = true;
 		} else if (str_has_pfx(s, TEST_BTF_PATH)) {
 			spec->btf_custom_path = s + sizeof(TEST_BTF_PATH) - 1;
 		}
@@ -434,26 +586,12 @@ static int parse_test_spec(struct test_loader *tester,
 			spec->unpriv.execute = spec->priv.execute;
 		}
 
-		if (spec->unpriv.expect_msgs.cnt == 0) {
-			for (i = 0; i < spec->priv.expect_msgs.cnt; i++) {
-				struct expect_msg *msg = &spec->priv.expect_msgs.patterns[i];
-
-				err = push_msg(msg->substr, msg->regex_str,
-					       &spec->unpriv.expect_msgs);
-				if (err)
-					goto cleanup;
-			}
-		}
-		if (spec->unpriv.expect_xlated.cnt == 0) {
-			for (i = 0; i < spec->priv.expect_xlated.cnt; i++) {
-				struct expect_msg *msg = &spec->priv.expect_xlated.patterns[i];
-
-				err = push_msg(msg->substr, msg->regex_str,
-					       &spec->unpriv.expect_xlated);
-				if (err)
-					goto cleanup;
-			}
-		}
+		if (spec->unpriv.expect_msgs.cnt == 0)
+			clone_msgs(&spec->priv.expect_msgs, &spec->unpriv.expect_msgs);
+		if (spec->unpriv.expect_xlated.cnt == 0)
+			clone_msgs(&spec->priv.expect_xlated, &spec->unpriv.expect_xlated);
+		if (spec->unpriv.jited.cnt == 0)
+			clone_msgs(&spec->priv.jited, &spec->unpriv.jited);
 	}
 
 	spec->valid = true;
@@ -508,21 +646,34 @@ static void emit_xlated(const char *xlated, bool force)
 	fprintf(stdout, "XLATED:\n=============\n%s=============\n", xlated);
 }
 
+static void emit_jited(const char *jited, bool force)
+{
+	if (!force && env.verbosity == VERBOSE_NONE)
+		return;
+	fprintf(stdout, "JITED:\n=============\n%s=============\n", jited);
+}
+
 static void validate_msgs(char *log_buf, struct expected_msgs *msgs,
 			  void (*emit_fn)(const char *buf, bool force))
 {
+	const char *log = log_buf, *prev_match;
 	regmatch_t reg_match[1];
-	const char *log = log_buf;
+	int prev_match_line;
+	int match_line;
 	int i, j, err;
 
+	prev_match_line = -1;
+	match_line = 0;
+	prev_match = log;
 	for (i = 0; i < msgs->cnt; i++) {
 		struct expect_msg *msg = &msgs->patterns[i];
-		const char *match = NULL;
+		const char *match = NULL, *pat_status;
+		bool wrong_line = false;
 
-		if (msg->substr) {
+		if (!msg->is_regex) {
 			match = strstr(log, msg->substr);
 			if (match)
-				log += strlen(msg->substr);
+				log = match + strlen(msg->substr);
 		} else {
 			err = regexec(&msg->regex, log, 1, reg_match, 0);
 			if (err == 0) {
@@ -531,18 +682,41 @@ static void validate_msgs(char *log_buf, struct expected_msgs *msgs,
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(match, "expect_msg")) {
+		if (match) {
+			for (; prev_match < match; ++prev_match)
+				if (*prev_match == '\n')
+					++match_line;
+			wrong_line = msg->on_next_line && prev_match_line >= 0 &&
+				     prev_match_line + 1 != match_line;
+		}
+
+		if (!match || wrong_line) {
+			PRINT_FAIL("expect_msg\n");
 			if (env.verbosity == VERBOSE_NONE)
 				emit_fn(log_buf, true /*force*/);
 			for (j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
 				msg = &msgs->patterns[j];
+				if (j < i)
+					pat_status = "MATCHED   ";
+				else if (wrong_line)
+					pat_status = "WRONG LINE";
+				else
+					pat_status = "EXPECTED  ";
+				msg = &msgs->patterns[j];
 				fprintf(stderr, "%s %s: '%s'\n",
-					j < i ? "MATCHED " : "EXPECTED",
-					msg->substr ? "SUBSTR" : " REGEX",
-					msg->substr ?: msg->regex_str);
+					pat_status,
+					msg->is_regex ? " REGEX" : "SUBSTR",
+					msg->substr);
 			}
-			return;
+			if (wrong_line) {
+				fprintf(stderr,
+					"expecting match at line %d, actual match is at line %d\n",
+					prev_match_line + 1, match_line);
+			}
+			break;
 		}
+
+		prev_match_line = match_line;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -701,20 +875,6 @@ static int get_xlated_program_text(int prog_fd, char *text, size_t text_sz)
 	return err;
 }
 
-static bool run_on_current_arch(int arch_mask)
-{
-	if (arch_mask == 0)
-		return true;
-#if defined(__x86_64__)
-	return arch_mask & ARCH_X86_64;
-#elif defined(__aarch64__)
-	return arch_mask & ARCH_ARM64;
-#elif defined(__riscv) && __riscv_xlen == 64
-	return arch_mask & ARCH_RISCV64;
-#endif
-	return false;
-}
-
 /* this function is forced noinline and has short generic name to look better
  * in test_progs output (in case of a failure)
  */
@@ -739,7 +899,7 @@ void run_subtest(struct test_loader *tester,
 	if (!test__start_subtest(subspec->name))
 		return;
 
-	if (!run_on_current_arch(spec->arch_mask)) {
+	if ((get_current_arch() & spec->arch_mask) == 0) {
 		test__skip();
 		return;
 	}
@@ -816,6 +976,21 @@ void run_subtest(struct test_loader *tester,
 		validate_msgs(tester->log_buf, &subspec->expect_xlated, emit_xlated);
 	}
 
+	if (subspec->jited.cnt) {
+		err = get_jited_program_text(bpf_program__fd(tprog),
+					     tester->log_buf, tester->log_buf_sz);
+		if (err == -EOPNOTSUPP) {
+			printf("%s:SKIP: jited programs disassembly is not supported,\n", __func__);
+			printf("%s:SKIP: tests are built w/o LLVM development libs\n", __func__);
+			test__skip();
+			goto tobj_cleanup;
+		}
+		if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "get_jited_program_text"))
+			goto tobj_cleanup;
+		emit_jited(tester->log_buf, false /*force*/);
+		validate_msgs(tester->log_buf, &subspec->jited, emit_jited);
+	}
+
 	if (should_do_test_run(spec, subspec)) {
 		/* For some reason test_verifier executes programs
 		 * with all capabilities restored. Do the same here.