x86, bts, ftrace: a BTS ftrace plug-in prototype

Impact: add new ftrace plugin

A prototype for a BTS ftrace plug-in.

The tracer collects branch trace in a cyclic buffer for each cpu.

The tracer is not configurable and the trace for each snapshot is
appended when doing cat /debug/tracing/trace.

This is a proof of concept that will be extended with future patches
to become a (hopefully) useful tool.
Signed-off-by: Markus Metzger <markus.t.metzger@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

arch/x86/Kconfig.cpu

@@ -515,6 +515,7 @@ config CPU_SUP_UMC_32
 config X86_DS
 	def_bool X86_PTRACE_BTS
 	depends on X86_DEBUGCTLMSR
+	select HAVE_HW_BRANCH_TRACER
 
 config X86_PTRACE_BTS
 	bool "Branch Trace Store"

kernel/trace/Kconfig

@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ config HAVE_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
 config HAVE_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD
 	bool
 
+config HAVE_HW_BRANCH_TRACER
+	bool
+
 config TRACER_MAX_TRACE
 	bool
 
@@ -233,6 +236,14 @@ config STACK_TRACER
 
 	  Say N if unsure.
 
+config BTS_TRACER
+	depends on HAVE_HW_BRANCH_TRACER
+	bool "Trace branches"
+	select TRACING
+	help
+	  This tracer records all branches on the system in a circular
+	  buffer giving access to the last N branches for each cpu.
+
 config DYNAMIC_FTRACE
 	bool "enable/disable ftrace tracepoints dynamically"
 	depends on FUNCTION_TRACER

kernel/trace/Makefile

@@ -31,5 +31,6 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_MMIOTRACE) += trace_mmiotrace.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_BOOT_TRACER) += trace_boot.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_FUNCTION_RET_TRACER) += trace_functions_return.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_TRACE_BRANCH_PROFILING) += trace_branch.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_BTS_TRACER) += trace_bts.o
 
 libftrace-y := ftrace.o

kernel/trace/trace.h

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ enum trace_type {
 	TRACE_BOOT_RET,
 	TRACE_FN_RET,
 	TRACE_USER_STACK,
+	TRACE_BTS,
 
 	__TRACE_LAST_TYPE
 };
@@ -153,6 +154,12 @@ struct trace_branch {
 	char			correct;
 };
 
+struct bts_entry {
+	struct trace_entry	ent;
+	unsigned long		from;
+	unsigned long		to;
+};
+
 /*
  * trace_flag_type is an enumeration that holds different
  * states when a trace occurs. These are:
@@ -258,6 +265,7 @@ extern void __ftrace_bad_type(void);
 		IF_ASSIGN(var, ent, struct trace_boot_ret, TRACE_BOOT_RET);\
 		IF_ASSIGN(var, ent, struct trace_branch, TRACE_BRANCH); \
 		IF_ASSIGN(var, ent, struct ftrace_ret_entry, TRACE_FN_RET);\
+		IF_ASSIGN(var, ent, struct bts_entry, TRACE_BTS);\
 		__ftrace_bad_type();					\
 	} while (0)
 
@@ -392,6 +400,10 @@ void trace_function(struct trace_array *tr,
 void
 trace_function_return(struct ftrace_retfunc *trace);
 
+void trace_bts(struct trace_array *tr,
+	       unsigned long from,
+	       unsigned long to);
+
 void tracing_start_cmdline_record(void);
 void tracing_stop_cmdline_record(void);
 void tracing_sched_switch_assign_trace(struct trace_array *tr);

kernel/trace/trace_bts.c

+/*
+ * BTS tracer
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Markus Metzger <markus.t.metzger@gmail.com>
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/debugfs.h>
+#include <linux/ftrace.h>
+#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
+
+#include <asm/ds.h>
+
+#include "trace.h"
+
+
+#define SIZEOF_BTS (1 << 13)
+
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct bts_tracer *, tracer);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned char[SIZEOF_BTS], buffer);
+
+#define this_tracer per_cpu(tracer, smp_processor_id())
+#define this_buffer per_cpu(buffer, smp_processor_id())
+
+
+/*
+ * Information to interpret a BTS record.
+ * This will go into an in-kernel BTS interface.
+ */
+static unsigned char sizeof_field;
+static unsigned long debugctl_mask;
+
+#define sizeof_bts (3 * sizeof_field)
+
+static void bts_trace_cpuinit(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
+{
+	switch (c->x86) {
+	case 0x6:
+		switch (c->x86_model) {
+		case 0x0 ... 0xC:
+			break;
+		case 0xD:
+		case 0xE: /* Pentium M */
+			sizeof_field = sizeof(long);
+			debugctl_mask = (1<<6)|(1<<7);
+			break;
+		default:
+			sizeof_field = 8;
+			debugctl_mask = (1<<6)|(1<<7);
+			break;
+		}
+		break;
+	case 0xF:
+		switch (c->x86_model) {
+		case 0x0:
+		case 0x1:
+		case 0x2: /* Netburst */
+			sizeof_field = sizeof(long);
+			debugctl_mask = (1<<2)|(1<<3);
+			break;
+		default:
+			/* sorry, don't know about them */
+			break;
+		}
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* sorry, don't know about them */
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+static inline void bts_enable(void)
+{
+	unsigned long debugctl;
+
+	rdmsrl(MSR_IA32_DEBUGCTLMSR, debugctl);
+	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_DEBUGCTLMSR, debugctl | debugctl_mask);
+}
+
+static inline void bts_disable(void)
+{
+	unsigned long debugctl;
+
+	rdmsrl(MSR_IA32_DEBUGCTLMSR, debugctl);
+	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_DEBUGCTLMSR, debugctl & ~debugctl_mask);
+}
+
+static void bts_trace_reset(struct trace_array *tr)
+{
+	int cpu;
+
+	tr->time_start = ftrace_now(tr->cpu);
+
+	for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
+		tracing_reset(tr, cpu);
+}
+
+static void bts_trace_start_cpu(void *arg)
+{
+	this_tracer =
+		ds_request_bts(/* task = */ NULL, this_buffer, SIZEOF_BTS,
+			       /* ovfl = */ NULL, /* th = */ (size_t)-1);
+	if (IS_ERR(this_tracer)) {
+		this_tracer = NULL;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	bts_enable();
+}
+
+static void bts_trace_start(struct trace_array *tr)
+{
+	int cpu;
+
+	bts_trace_reset(tr);
+
+	for_each_cpu_mask(cpu, cpu_possible_map)
+		smp_call_function_single(cpu, bts_trace_start_cpu, NULL, 1);
+}
+
+static void bts_trace_stop_cpu(void *arg)
+{
+	if (this_tracer) {
+		bts_disable();
+
+		ds_release_bts(this_tracer);
+		this_tracer = NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+static void bts_trace_stop(struct trace_array *tr)
+{
+	int cpu;
+
+	for_each_cpu_mask(cpu, cpu_possible_map)
+		smp_call_function_single(cpu, bts_trace_stop_cpu, NULL, 1);
+}
+
+static int bts_trace_init(struct trace_array *tr)
+{
+	bts_trace_cpuinit(&boot_cpu_data);
+	bts_trace_reset(tr);
+	bts_trace_start(tr);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void bts_trace_print_header(struct seq_file *m)
+{
+#ifdef __i386__
+	seq_puts(m, "# CPU#    FROM           TO     FUNCTION\n");
+	seq_puts(m, "#  |       |             |         |\n");
+#else
+	seq_puts(m,
+		 "# CPU#        FROM                   TO         FUNCTION\n");
+	seq_puts(m,
+		 "#  |           |                     |             |\n");
+#endif
+}
+
+static enum print_line_t bts_trace_print_line(struct trace_iterator *iter)
+{
+	struct trace_entry *entry = iter->ent;
+	struct trace_seq *seq = &iter->seq;
+	struct bts_entry *it;
+
+	trace_assign_type(it, entry);
+
+	if (entry->type == TRACE_BTS) {
+		int ret;
+#ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
+		char function[KSYM_SYMBOL_LEN];
+		sprint_symbol(function, it->from);
+#else
+		char *function = "<unknown>";
+#endif
+
+		ret = trace_seq_printf(seq, "%4d  0x%lx -> 0x%lx [%s]\n",
+				       entry->cpu, it->from, it->to, function);
+		if (!ret)
+			return TRACE_TYPE_PARTIAL_LINE;;
+		return TRACE_TYPE_HANDLED;
+	}
+	return TRACE_TYPE_UNHANDLED;
+}
+
+void trace_bts(struct trace_array *tr, unsigned long from, unsigned long to)
+{
+	struct ring_buffer_event *event;
+	struct bts_entry *entry;
+	unsigned long irq;
+
+	event = ring_buffer_lock_reserve(tr->buffer, sizeof(*entry), &irq);
+	if (!event)
+		return;
+	entry	= ring_buffer_event_data(event);
+	tracing_generic_entry_update(&entry->ent, 0, from);
+	entry->ent.type = TRACE_BTS;
+	entry->ent.cpu = smp_processor_id();
+	entry->from = from;
+	entry->to   = to;
+	ring_buffer_unlock_commit(tr->buffer, event, irq);
+}
+
+static void trace_bts_at(struct trace_array *tr, size_t index)
+{
+	const void *raw = NULL;
+	unsigned long from, to;
+	int err;
+
+	err = ds_access_bts(this_tracer, index, &raw);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return;
+
+	from = *(const unsigned long *)raw;
+	to = *(const unsigned long *)((const char *)raw + sizeof_field);
+
+	trace_bts(tr, from, to);
+}
+
+static void trace_bts_cpu(void *arg)
+{
+	struct trace_array *tr = (struct trace_array *) arg;
+	size_t index = 0, end = 0, i;
+	int err;
+
+	if (!this_tracer)
+		return;
+
+	bts_disable();
+
+	err = ds_get_bts_index(this_tracer, &index);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = ds_get_bts_end(this_tracer, &end);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	for (i = index; i < end; i++)
+		trace_bts_at(tr, i);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < index; i++)
+		trace_bts_at(tr, i);
+
+out:
+	bts_enable();
+}
+
+static void trace_bts_prepare(struct trace_iterator *iter)
+{
+	int cpu;
+
+	for_each_cpu_mask(cpu, cpu_possible_map)
+		smp_call_function_single(cpu, trace_bts_cpu, iter->tr, 1);
+}
+
+struct tracer bts_tracer __read_mostly =
+{
+	.name		= "bts",
+	.init		= bts_trace_init,
+	.reset		= bts_trace_stop,
+	.print_header	= bts_trace_print_header,
+	.print_line	= bts_trace_print_line,
+	.start		= bts_trace_start,
+	.stop		= bts_trace_stop,
+	.open		= trace_bts_prepare
+};
+
+__init static int init_bts_trace(void)
+{
+	return register_tracer(&bts_tracer);
+}
+device_initcall(init_bts_trace);