Merge branch 'rhashtable-next'

Thomas Graf says:

====================
rhashtable fixes

This series fixes all remaining known issues with rhashtable that
have been reported. In particular the race condition reported by
Ying Xue.
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

lib/rhashtable.c

 /*
  * Resizable, Scalable, Concurrent Hash Table
  *
- * Copyright (c) 2014 Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch>
  * Copyright (c) 2008-2014 Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net>
  *
  * Based on the following paper:
@@ -34,12 +34,17 @@
 enum {
 	RHT_LOCK_NORMAL,
 	RHT_LOCK_NESTED,
-	RHT_LOCK_NESTED2,
 };
 
 /* The bucket lock is selected based on the hash and protects mutations
  * on a group of hash buckets.
  *
+ * A maximum of tbl->size/2 bucket locks is allocated. This ensures that
+ * a single lock always covers both buckets which may both contains
+ * entries which link to the same bucket of the old table during resizing.
+ * This allows to simplify the locking as locking the bucket in both
+ * tables during resize always guarantee protection.
+ *
  * IMPORTANT: When holding the bucket lock of both the old and new table
  * during expansions and shrinking, the old bucket lock must always be
  * acquired first.
@@ -49,26 +54,6 @@ static spinlock_t *bucket_lock(const struct bucket_table *tbl, u32 hash)
 	return &tbl->locks[hash & tbl->locks_mask];
 }
 
-#define ASSERT_RHT_MUTEX(HT) BUG_ON(!lockdep_rht_mutex_is_held(HT))
-#define ASSERT_BUCKET_LOCK(TBL, HASH) \
-	BUG_ON(!lockdep_rht_bucket_is_held(TBL, HASH))
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
-int lockdep_rht_mutex_is_held(struct rhashtable *ht)
-{
-	return (debug_locks) ? lockdep_is_held(&ht->mutex) : 1;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lockdep_rht_mutex_is_held);
-
-int lockdep_rht_bucket_is_held(const struct bucket_table *tbl, u32 hash)
-{
-	spinlock_t *lock = bucket_lock(tbl, hash);
-
-	return (debug_locks) ? lockdep_is_held(lock) : 1;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lockdep_rht_bucket_is_held);
-#endif
-
 static void *rht_obj(const struct rhashtable *ht, const struct rhash_head *he)
 {
 	return (void *) he - ht->p.head_offset;
@@ -94,13 +79,7 @@ static u32 obj_raw_hashfn(const struct rhashtable *ht, const void *ptr)
 
 static u32 key_hashfn(struct rhashtable *ht, const void *key, u32 len)
 {
-	struct bucket_table *tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(ht->tbl, ht);
-	u32 hash;
-
-	hash = ht->p.hashfn(key, len, ht->p.hash_rnd);
-	hash >>= HASH_RESERVED_SPACE;
-
-	return rht_bucket_index(tbl, hash);
+	return ht->p.hashfn(key, len, ht->p.hash_rnd) >> HASH_RESERVED_SPACE;
 }
 
 static u32 head_hashfn(const struct rhashtable *ht,
@@ -110,6 +89,77 @@ static u32 head_hashfn(const struct rhashtable *ht,
 	return rht_bucket_index(tbl, obj_raw_hashfn(ht, rht_obj(ht, he)));
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
+static void debug_dump_buckets(const struct rhashtable *ht,
+			       const struct bucket_table *tbl)
+{
+	struct rhash_head *he;
+	unsigned int i, hash;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < tbl->size; i++) {
+		pr_warn(" [Bucket %d] ", i);
+		rht_for_each_rcu(he, tbl, i) {
+			hash = head_hashfn(ht, tbl, he);
+			pr_cont("[hash = %#x, lock = %p] ",
+				hash, bucket_lock(tbl, hash));
+		}
+		pr_cont("\n");
+	}
+
+}
+
+static void debug_dump_table(struct rhashtable *ht,
+			     const struct bucket_table *tbl,
+			     unsigned int hash)
+{
+	struct bucket_table *old_tbl, *future_tbl;
+
+	pr_emerg("BUG: lock for hash %#x in table %p not held\n",
+		 hash, tbl);
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	future_tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(ht->future_tbl, ht);
+	old_tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(ht->tbl, ht);
+	if (future_tbl != old_tbl) {
+		pr_warn("Future table %p (size: %zd)\n",
+			future_tbl, future_tbl->size);
+		debug_dump_buckets(ht, future_tbl);
+	}
+
+	pr_warn("Table %p (size: %zd)\n", old_tbl, old_tbl->size);
+	debug_dump_buckets(ht, old_tbl);
+
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+}
+
+#define ASSERT_RHT_MUTEX(HT) BUG_ON(!lockdep_rht_mutex_is_held(HT))
+#define ASSERT_BUCKET_LOCK(HT, TBL, HASH)				\
+	do {								\
+		if (unlikely(!lockdep_rht_bucket_is_held(TBL, HASH))) {	\
+			debug_dump_table(HT, TBL, HASH);		\
+			BUG();						\
+		}							\
+	} while (0)
+
+int lockdep_rht_mutex_is_held(struct rhashtable *ht)
+{
+	return (debug_locks) ? lockdep_is_held(&ht->mutex) : 1;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lockdep_rht_mutex_is_held);
+
+int lockdep_rht_bucket_is_held(const struct bucket_table *tbl, u32 hash)
+{
+	spinlock_t *lock = bucket_lock(tbl, hash);
+
+	return (debug_locks) ? lockdep_is_held(lock) : 1;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(lockdep_rht_bucket_is_held);
+#else
+#define ASSERT_RHT_MUTEX(HT)
+#define ASSERT_BUCKET_LOCK(HT, TBL, HASH)
+#endif
+
+
 static struct rhash_head __rcu **bucket_tail(struct bucket_table *tbl, u32 n)
 {
 	struct rhash_head __rcu **pprev;
@@ -134,8 +184,8 @@ static int alloc_bucket_locks(struct rhashtable *ht, struct bucket_table *tbl)
 	nr_pcpus = min_t(unsigned int, nr_pcpus, 32UL);
 	size = roundup_pow_of_two(nr_pcpus * ht->p.locks_mul);
 
-	/* Never allocate more than one lock per bucket */
-	size = min_t(unsigned int, size, tbl->size);
+	/* Never allocate more than 0.5 locks per bucket */
+	size = min_t(unsigned int, size, tbl->size >> 1);
 
 	if (sizeof(spinlock_t) != 0) {
 #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
@@ -217,25 +267,48 @@ bool rht_shrink_below_30(const struct rhashtable *ht, size_t new_size)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rht_shrink_below_30);
 
-static void hashtable_chain_unzip(const struct rhashtable *ht,
+static void lock_buckets(struct bucket_table *new_tbl,
+			 struct bucket_table *old_tbl, unsigned int hash)
+	__acquires(old_bucket_lock)
+{
+	spin_lock_bh(bucket_lock(old_tbl, hash));
+	if (new_tbl != old_tbl)
+		spin_lock_bh_nested(bucket_lock(new_tbl, hash),
+				    RHT_LOCK_NESTED);
+}
+
+static void unlock_buckets(struct bucket_table *new_tbl,
+			   struct bucket_table *old_tbl, unsigned int hash)
+	__releases(old_bucket_lock)
+{
+	if (new_tbl != old_tbl)
+		spin_unlock_bh(bucket_lock(new_tbl, hash));
+	spin_unlock_bh(bucket_lock(old_tbl, hash));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Unlink entries on bucket which hash to different bucket.
+ *
+ * Returns true if no more work needs to be performed on the bucket.
+ */
+static bool hashtable_chain_unzip(struct rhashtable *ht,
 				  const struct bucket_table *new_tbl,
 				  struct bucket_table *old_tbl,
 				  size_t old_hash)
 {
 	struct rhash_head *he, *p, *next;
-	spinlock_t *new_bucket_lock, *new_bucket_lock2 = NULL;
 	unsigned int new_hash, new_hash2;
 
-	ASSERT_BUCKET_LOCK(old_tbl, old_hash);
+	ASSERT_BUCKET_LOCK(ht, old_tbl, old_hash);
 
 	/* Old bucket empty, no work needed. */
 	p = rht_dereference_bucket(old_tbl->buckets[old_hash], old_tbl,
 				   old_hash);
 	if (rht_is_a_nulls(p))
-		return;
+		return false;
 
-	new_hash = new_hash2 = head_hashfn(ht, new_tbl, p);
-	new_bucket_lock = bucket_lock(new_tbl, new_hash);
+	new_hash = head_hashfn(ht, new_tbl, p);
+	ASSERT_BUCKET_LOCK(ht, new_tbl, new_hash);
 
 	/* Advance the old bucket pointer one or more times until it
 	 * reaches a node that doesn't hash to the same bucket as the
@@ -243,22 +316,14 @@ static void hashtable_chain_unzip(const struct rhashtable *ht,
 	 */
 	rht_for_each_continue(he, p->next, old_tbl, old_hash) {
 		new_hash2 = head_hashfn(ht, new_tbl, he);
+		ASSERT_BUCKET_LOCK(ht, new_tbl, new_hash2);
+
 		if (new_hash != new_hash2)
 			break;
 		p = he;
 	}
 	rcu_assign_pointer(old_tbl->buckets[old_hash], p->next);
 
-	spin_lock_bh_nested(new_bucket_lock, RHT_LOCK_NESTED);
-
-	/* If we have encountered an entry that maps to a different bucket in
-	 * the new table, lock down that bucket as well as we might cut off
-	 * the end of the chain.
-	 */
-	new_bucket_lock2 = bucket_lock(new_tbl, new_hash);
-	if (new_bucket_lock != new_bucket_lock2)
-		spin_lock_bh_nested(new_bucket_lock2, RHT_LOCK_NESTED2);
-
 	/* Find the subsequent node which does hash to the same
 	 * bucket as node P, or NULL if no such node exists.
 	 */
@@ -277,21 +342,18 @@ static void hashtable_chain_unzip(const struct rhashtable *ht,
 	 */
 	rcu_assign_pointer(p->next, next);
 
-	if (new_bucket_lock != new_bucket_lock2)
-		spin_unlock_bh(new_bucket_lock2);
-	spin_unlock_bh(new_bucket_lock);
+	p = rht_dereference_bucket(old_tbl->buckets[old_hash], old_tbl,
+				   old_hash);
+
+	return !rht_is_a_nulls(p);
 }
 
-static void link_old_to_new(struct bucket_table *new_tbl,
+static void link_old_to_new(struct rhashtable *ht, struct bucket_table *new_tbl,
 			    unsigned int new_hash, struct rhash_head *entry)
 {
-	spinlock_t *new_bucket_lock;
+	ASSERT_BUCKET_LOCK(ht, new_tbl, new_hash);
 
-	new_bucket_lock = bucket_lock(new_tbl, new_hash);
-
-	spin_lock_bh_nested(new_bucket_lock, RHT_LOCK_NESTED);
 	rcu_assign_pointer(*bucket_tail(new_tbl, new_hash), entry);
-	spin_unlock_bh(new_bucket_lock);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -314,7 +376,6 @@ int rhashtable_expand(struct rhashtable *ht)
 {
 	struct bucket_table *new_tbl, *old_tbl = rht_dereference(ht->tbl, ht);
 	struct rhash_head *he;
-	spinlock_t *old_bucket_lock;
 	unsigned int new_hash, old_hash;
 	bool complete = false;
 
@@ -344,24 +405,16 @@ int rhashtable_expand(struct rhashtable *ht)
 	 */
 	for (new_hash = 0; new_hash < new_tbl->size; new_hash++) {
 		old_hash = rht_bucket_index(old_tbl, new_hash);
-		old_bucket_lock = bucket_lock(old_tbl, old_hash);
-
-		spin_lock_bh(old_bucket_lock);
+		lock_buckets(new_tbl, old_tbl, new_hash);
 		rht_for_each(he, old_tbl, old_hash) {
 			if (head_hashfn(ht, new_tbl, he) == new_hash) {
-				link_old_to_new(new_tbl, new_hash, he);
+				link_old_to_new(ht, new_tbl, new_hash, he);
 				break;
 			}
 		}
-		spin_unlock_bh(old_bucket_lock);
+		unlock_buckets(new_tbl, old_tbl, new_hash);
 	}
 
-	/* Publish the new table pointer. Lookups may now traverse
-	 * the new table, but they will not benefit from any
-	 * additional efficiency until later steps unzip the buckets.
-	 */
-	rcu_assign_pointer(ht->tbl, new_tbl);
-
 	/* Unzip interleaved hash chains */
 	while (!complete && !ht->being_destroyed) {
 		/* Wait for readers. All new readers will see the new
@@ -376,21 +429,19 @@ int rhashtable_expand(struct rhashtable *ht)
 		 */
 		complete = true;
 		for (old_hash = 0; old_hash < old_tbl->size; old_hash++) {
-			struct rhash_head *head;
-
-			old_bucket_lock = bucket_lock(old_tbl, old_hash);
-			spin_lock_bh(old_bucket_lock);
+			lock_buckets(new_tbl, old_tbl, old_hash);
 
-			hashtable_chain_unzip(ht, new_tbl, old_tbl, old_hash);
-			head = rht_dereference_bucket(old_tbl->buckets[old_hash],
-						      old_tbl, old_hash);
-			if (!rht_is_a_nulls(head))
+			if (hashtable_chain_unzip(ht, new_tbl, old_tbl,
+						  old_hash))
 				complete = false;
 
-			spin_unlock_bh(old_bucket_lock);
+			unlock_buckets(new_tbl, old_tbl, old_hash);
 		}
 	}
 
+	rcu_assign_pointer(ht->tbl, new_tbl);
+	synchronize_rcu();
+
 	bucket_table_free(old_tbl);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -415,7 +466,6 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rhashtable_expand);
 int rhashtable_shrink(struct rhashtable *ht)
 {
 	struct bucket_table *new_tbl, *tbl = rht_dereference(ht->tbl, ht);
-	spinlock_t *new_bucket_lock, *old_bucket_lock1, *old_bucket_lock2;
 	unsigned int new_hash;
 
 	ASSERT_RHT_MUTEX(ht);
@@ -433,36 +483,17 @@ int rhashtable_shrink(struct rhashtable *ht)
 	 * always divide the size in half when shrinking, each bucket
 	 * in the new table maps to exactly two buckets in the old
 	 * table.
-	 *
-	 * As removals can occur concurrently on the old table, we need
-	 * to lock down both matching buckets in the old table.
 	 */
 	for (new_hash = 0; new_hash < new_tbl->size; new_hash++) {
-		old_bucket_lock1 = bucket_lock(tbl, new_hash);
-		old_bucket_lock2 = bucket_lock(tbl, new_hash + new_tbl->size);
-		new_bucket_lock = bucket_lock(new_tbl, new_hash);
-
-		spin_lock_bh(old_bucket_lock1);
-
-		/* Depending on the lock per buckets mapping, the bucket in
-		 * the lower and upper region may map to the same lock.
-		 */
-		if (old_bucket_lock1 != old_bucket_lock2) {
-			spin_lock_bh_nested(old_bucket_lock2, RHT_LOCK_NESTED);
-			spin_lock_bh_nested(new_bucket_lock, RHT_LOCK_NESTED2);
-		} else {
-			spin_lock_bh_nested(new_bucket_lock, RHT_LOCK_NESTED);
-		}
+		lock_buckets(new_tbl, tbl, new_hash);
 
 		rcu_assign_pointer(*bucket_tail(new_tbl, new_hash),
 				   tbl->buckets[new_hash]);
+		ASSERT_BUCKET_LOCK(ht, tbl, new_hash + new_tbl->size);
 		rcu_assign_pointer(*bucket_tail(new_tbl, new_hash),
 				   tbl->buckets[new_hash + new_tbl->size]);
 
-		spin_unlock_bh(new_bucket_lock);
-		if (old_bucket_lock1 != old_bucket_lock2)
-			spin_unlock_bh(old_bucket_lock2);
-		spin_unlock_bh(old_bucket_lock1);
+		unlock_buckets(new_tbl, tbl, new_hash);
 	}
 
 	/* Publish the new, valid hash table */
@@ -524,6 +555,8 @@ static void __rhashtable_insert(struct rhashtable *ht, struct rhash_head *obj,
 	struct rhash_head *head = rht_dereference_bucket(tbl->buckets[hash],
 							 tbl, hash);
 
+	ASSERT_BUCKET_LOCK(ht, tbl, hash);
+
 	if (rht_is_a_nulls(head))
 		INIT_RHT_NULLS_HEAD(obj->next, ht, hash);
 	else
@@ -553,19 +586,18 @@ static void __rhashtable_insert(struct rhashtable *ht, struct rhash_head *obj,
  */
 void rhashtable_insert(struct rhashtable *ht, struct rhash_head *obj)
 {
-	struct bucket_table *tbl;
-	spinlock_t *lock;
+	struct bucket_table *tbl, *old_tbl;
 	unsigned hash;
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
 
 	tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(ht->future_tbl, ht);
+	old_tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(ht->tbl, ht);
 	hash = head_hashfn(ht, tbl, obj);
-	lock = bucket_lock(tbl, hash);
 
-	spin_lock_bh(lock);
+	lock_buckets(tbl, old_tbl, hash);
 	__rhashtable_insert(ht, obj, tbl, hash);
-	spin_unlock_bh(lock);
+	unlock_buckets(tbl, old_tbl, hash);
 
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 }
@@ -588,21 +620,20 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rhashtable_insert);
  */
 bool rhashtable_remove(struct rhashtable *ht, struct rhash_head *obj)
 {
-	struct bucket_table *tbl;
+	struct bucket_table *tbl, *new_tbl, *old_tbl;
 	struct rhash_head __rcu **pprev;
-	struct rhash_head *he;
-	spinlock_t *lock;
-	unsigned int hash;
+	struct rhash_head *he, *he2;
+	unsigned int hash, new_hash;
 	bool ret = false;
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
-	tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(ht->tbl, ht);
-	hash = head_hashfn(ht, tbl, obj);
-
-	lock = bucket_lock(tbl, hash);
-	spin_lock_bh(lock);
+	tbl = old_tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(ht->tbl, ht);
+	new_tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(ht->future_tbl, ht);
+	new_hash = obj_raw_hashfn(ht, rht_obj(ht, obj));
 
+	lock_buckets(new_tbl, old_tbl, new_hash);
 restart:
+	hash = rht_bucket_index(tbl, new_hash);
 	pprev = &tbl->buckets[hash];
 	rht_for_each(he, tbl, hash) {
 		if (he != obj) {
@@ -610,8 +641,22 @@ bool rhashtable_remove(struct rhashtable *ht, struct rhash_head *obj)
 			continue;
 		}
 
-		rcu_assign_pointer(*pprev, obj->next);
+		ASSERT_BUCKET_LOCK(ht, tbl, hash);
+
+		if (unlikely(new_tbl != tbl)) {
+			rht_for_each_continue(he2, he->next, tbl, hash) {
+				if (head_hashfn(ht, tbl, he2) == hash) {
+					rcu_assign_pointer(*pprev, he2);
+					goto found;
+				}
+			}
+
+			INIT_RHT_NULLS_HEAD(*pprev, ht, hash);
+		} else {
+			rcu_assign_pointer(*pprev, obj->next);
+		}
 
+found:
 		ret = true;
 		break;
 	}
@@ -621,18 +666,12 @@ bool rhashtable_remove(struct rhashtable *ht, struct rhash_head *obj)
 	 * resizing. Thus traversing both is fine and the added cost is
 	 * very rare.
 	 */
-	if (tbl != rht_dereference_rcu(ht->future_tbl, ht)) {
-		spin_unlock_bh(lock);
-
-		tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(ht->future_tbl, ht);
-		hash = head_hashfn(ht, tbl, obj);
-
-		lock = bucket_lock(tbl, hash);
-		spin_lock_bh(lock);
+	if (tbl != new_tbl) {
+		tbl = new_tbl;
 		goto restart;
 	}
 
-	spin_unlock_bh(lock);
+	unlock_buckets(new_tbl, old_tbl, new_hash);
 
 	if (ret) {
 		atomic_dec(&ht->nelems);
@@ -788,24 +827,17 @@ bool rhashtable_lookup_compare_insert(struct rhashtable *ht,
 				      void *arg)
 {
 	struct bucket_table *new_tbl, *old_tbl;
-	spinlock_t *new_bucket_lock, *old_bucket_lock;
-	u32 new_hash, old_hash;
+	u32 new_hash;
 	bool success = true;
 
 	BUG_ON(!ht->p.key_len);
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
-
 	old_tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(ht->tbl, ht);
-	old_hash = head_hashfn(ht, old_tbl, obj);
-	old_bucket_lock = bucket_lock(old_tbl, old_hash);
-	spin_lock_bh(old_bucket_lock);
-
 	new_tbl = rht_dereference_rcu(ht->future_tbl, ht);
 	new_hash = head_hashfn(ht, new_tbl, obj);
-	new_bucket_lock = bucket_lock(new_tbl, new_hash);
-	if (unlikely(old_tbl != new_tbl))
-		spin_lock_bh_nested(new_bucket_lock, RHT_LOCK_NESTED);
+
+	lock_buckets(new_tbl, old_tbl, new_hash);
 
 	if (rhashtable_lookup_compare(ht, rht_obj(ht, obj) + ht->p.key_offset,
 				      compare, arg)) {
@@ -816,10 +848,7 @@ bool rhashtable_lookup_compare_insert(struct rhashtable *ht,
 	__rhashtable_insert(ht, obj, new_tbl, new_hash);
 
 exit:
-	if (unlikely(old_tbl != new_tbl))
-		spin_unlock_bh(new_bucket_lock);
-	spin_unlock_bh(old_bucket_lock);
-
+	unlock_buckets(new_tbl, old_tbl, new_hash);
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 
 	return success;