mm/gup: handle cont-PTE hugetlb pages correctly in gup_must_unshare() via GUP-fast

In contrast to most other GUP code, GUP-fast common page table walking
code like gup_pte_range() also handles hugetlb pages.  But in contrast to
other hugetlb page table walking code, it does not look at the hugetlb PTE
abstraction whereby we have only a single logical hugetlb PTE per hugetlb
page, even when using multiple cont-PTEs underneath -- which is for
example what huge_ptep_get() abstracts.

So when we have a hugetlb page that is mapped via cont-PTEs, GUP-fast
might stumble over a PTE that does not map the head page of a hugetlb page
-- not the first "head" PTE of such a cont mapping.

Logically, the whole hugetlb page is mapped (entire_mapcount == 1), but we
might end up calling gup_must_unshare() with a tail page of a hugetlb
page.

We only maintain a single PageAnonExclusive flag per hugetlb page (as
hugetlb pages cannot get partially COW-shared), stored for the head page. 
That flag is clear for all tail pages.

So when gup_must_unshare() ends up calling PageAnonExclusive() with a tail
page of a hugetlb page:

1) With CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_PGFLAGS

Stumbles over the:

	VM_BUG_ON_PGFLAGS(PageHuge(page) && !PageHead(page), page);

For example, when executing the COW selftests with 64k hugetlb pages on
arm64:

  [   61.082187] page:00000000829819ff refcount:3 mapcount:1 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x1 pfn:0x11ee11
  [   61.082842] head:0000000080f79bf7 order:4 entire_mapcount:1 nr_pages_mapped:0 pincount:2
  [   61.083384] anon flags: 0x17ffff80003000e(referenced|uptodate|dirty|head|mappedtodisk|node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0xfffff)
  [   61.084101] page_type: 0xffffffff()
  [   61.084332] raw: 017ffff800000000 fffffc00037b8401 0000000000000402 0000000200000000
  [   61.084840] raw: 0000000000000010 0000000000000000 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
  [   61.085359] head: 017ffff80003000e ffffd9e95b09b788 ffffd9e95b09b788 ffff0007ff63cf71
  [   61.085885] head: 0000000000000000 0000000000000002 00000003ffffffff 0000000000000000
  [   61.086415] page dumped because: VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageHuge(page) && !PageHead(page))
  [   61.086914] ------------[ cut here ]------------
  [   61.087220] kernel BUG at include/linux/page-flags.h:990!
  [   61.087591] Internal error: Oops - BUG: 00000000f2000800 [#1] SMP
  [   61.087999] Modules linked in: ...
  [   61.089404] CPU: 0 PID: 4612 Comm: cow Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.5.0-rc4+ #3
  [   61.089917] Hardware name: QEMU KVM Virtual Machine, BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015
  [   61.090409] pstate: 604000c5 (nZCv daIF +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
  [   61.090897] pc : gup_must_unshare.part.0+0x64/0x98
  [   61.091242] lr : gup_must_unshare.part.0+0x64/0x98
  [   61.091592] sp : ffff8000825eb940
  [   61.091826] x29: ffff8000825eb940 x28: 0000000000000000 x27: fffffc00037b8440
  [   61.092329] x26: 0400000000000001 x25: 0000000000080101 x24: 0000000000080000
  [   61.092835] x23: 0000000000080100 x22: ffff0000cffb9588 x21: ffff0000c8ec6b58
  [   61.093341] x20: 0000ffffad6b1000 x19: fffffc00037b8440 x18: ffffffffffffffff
  [   61.093850] x17: 2864616548656761 x16: 5021202626202965 x15: 6761702865677548
  [   61.094358] x14: 6567615028454741 x13: 2929656761702864 x12: 6165486567615021
  [   61.094858] x11: 00000000ffff7fff x10: 00000000ffff7fff x9 : ffffd9e958b7a1c0
  [   61.095359] x8 : 00000000000bffe8 x7 : c0000000ffff7fff x6 : 00000000002bffa8
  [   61.095873] x5 : ffff0008bb19e708 x4 : 0000000000000000 x3 : 0000000000000000
  [   61.096380] x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : ffff0000cf6636c0 x0 : 0000000000000046
  [   61.096894] Call trace:
  [   61.097080]  gup_must_unshare.part.0+0x64/0x98
  [   61.097392]  gup_pte_range+0x3a8/0x3f0
  [   61.097662]  gup_pgd_range+0x1ec/0x280
  [   61.097942]  lockless_pages_from_mm+0x64/0x1a0
  [   61.098258]  internal_get_user_pages_fast+0xe4/0x1d0
  [   61.098612]  pin_user_pages_fast+0x58/0x78
  [   61.098917]  pin_longterm_test_start+0xf4/0x2b8
  [   61.099243]  gup_test_ioctl+0x170/0x3b0
  [   61.099528]  __arm64_sys_ioctl+0xa8/0xf0
  [   61.099822]  invoke_syscall.constprop.0+0x7c/0xd0
  [   61.100160]  el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0xe8/0x100
  [   61.100500]  do_el0_svc+0x38/0xa0
  [   61.100736]  el0_svc+0x3c/0x198
  [   61.100971]  el0t_64_sync_handler+0x134/0x150
  [   61.101280]  el0t_64_sync+0x17c/0x180
  [   61.101543] Code: aa1303e0 f00074c1 912b0021 97fffeb2 (d4210000)

2) Without CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_PGFLAGS

Always detects "not exclusive" for passed tail pages and refuses to PIN
the tail pages R/O, as gup_must_unshare() == true.  GUP-fast will fallback
to ordinary GUP.  As ordinary GUP properly considers the logical hugetlb
PTE abstraction in hugetlb_follow_page_mask(), pinning the page will
succeed when looking at the PageAnonExclusive on the head page only.

So the only real effect of this is that with cont-PTE hugetlb pages, we'll
always fallback from GUP-fast to ordinary GUP when not working on the head
page, which ends up checking the head page and do the right thing.

Consequently, the cow selftests pass with cont-PTE hugetlb pages as well
without CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_PGFLAGS.

Note that this only applies to anon hugetlb pages that are mapped using
cont-PTEs: for example 64k hugetlb pages on a 4k arm64 kernel.

... and only when R/O-pinning (FOLL_PIN) such pages that are mapped into
the page table R/O using GUP-fast.

On production kernels (and even most debug kernels, that don't set
CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_PGFLAGS) this patch should theoretically not be required
to be backported.  But of course, it does not hurt.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230805101256.87306-1-david@redhat.com
Fixes: a7f22660 ("mm/gup: trigger FAULT_FLAG_UNSHARE when R/O-pinning a possibly shared anonymous page")
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Tested-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

mm/internal.h

@@ -1004,6 +1004,16 @@ static inline bool gup_must_unshare(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_HAVE_FAST_GUP))
 		smp_rmb();
 
+	/*
+	 * During GUP-fast we might not get called on the head page for a
+	 * hugetlb page that is mapped using cont-PTE, because GUP-fast does
+	 * not work with the abstracted hugetlb PTEs that always point at the
+	 * head page. For hugetlb, PageAnonExclusive only applies on the head
+	 * page (as it cannot be partially COW-shared), so lookup the head page.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(!PageHead(page) && PageHuge(page)))
+		page = compound_head(page);
+
 	/*
 	 * Note that PageKsm() pages cannot be exclusive, and consequently,
 	 * cannot get pinned.