Btrfs: add extra flushing for renames and truncates

Renames and truncates are both common ways to replace old data with new
data.  The filesystem can make an effort to make sure the new data is
on disk before actually replacing the old data.

This is especially important for rename, which many application use as
though it were atomic for both the data and the metadata involved.  The
current btrfs code will happily replace a file that is fully on disk
with one that was just created and still has pending IO.

If we crash after transaction commit but before the IO is done, we'll end
up replacing a good file with a zero length file.  The solution used
here is to create a list of inodes that need special ordering and force
them to disk before the commit is done.  This is similar to the
ext3 style data=ordering, except it is only done on selected files.

Btrfs is able to get away with this because it does not wait on commits
very often, even for fsync (which use a sub-commit).

For renames, we order the file when it wasn't already
on disk and when it is replacing an existing file.  Larger files
are sent to filemap_flush right away (before the transaction handle is
opened).

For truncates, we order if the file goes from non-zero size down to
zero size.  This is a little different, because at the time of the
truncate the file has no dirty bytes to order.  But, we flag the inode
so that it is added to the ordered list on close (via release method).  We
also immediately add it to the ordered list of the current transaction
so that we can try to flush down any writes the application sneaks in
before commit.
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>

fs/btrfs/btrfs_inode.h

@@ -66,6 +66,12 @@ struct btrfs_inode {
 	 */
 	struct list_head delalloc_inodes;
 
+	/*
+	 * list for tracking inodes that must be sent to disk before a
+	 * rename or truncate commit
+	 */
+	struct list_head ordered_operations;
+
 	/* the space_info for where this inode's data allocations are done */
 	struct btrfs_space_info *space_info;
 
@@ -122,6 +128,18 @@ struct btrfs_inode {
 	 */
 	u64 last_unlink_trans;
 
+	/*
+	 * ordered_data_close is set by truncate when a file that used
+	 * to have good data has been truncated to zero.  When it is set
+	 * the btrfs file release call will add this inode to the
+	 * ordered operations list so that we make sure to flush out any
+	 * new data the application may have written before commit.
+	 *
+	 * yes, its silly to have a single bitflag, but we might grow more
+	 * of these.
+	 */
+	unsigned ordered_data_close:1;
+
 	struct inode vfs_inode;
 };
 

fs/btrfs/ctree.h

@@ -45,6 +45,13 @@ struct btrfs_ordered_sum;
 
 #define BTRFS_MAX_LEVEL 8
 
+/*
+ * files bigger than this get some pre-flushing when they are added
+ * to the ordered operations list.  That way we limit the total
+ * work done by the commit
+ */
+#define BTRFS_ORDERED_OPERATIONS_FLUSH_LIMIT (8 * 1024 * 1024)
+
 /* holds pointers to all of the tree roots */
 #define BTRFS_ROOT_TREE_OBJECTID 1ULL
 
@@ -727,6 +734,15 @@ struct btrfs_fs_info {
 	struct mutex volume_mutex;
 	struct mutex tree_reloc_mutex;
 
+	/*
+	 * this protects the ordered operations list only while we are
+	 * processing all of the entries on it.  This way we make
+	 * sure the commit code doesn't find the list temporarily empty
+	 * because another function happens to be doing non-waiting preflush
+	 * before jumping into the main commit.
+	 */
+	struct mutex ordered_operations_mutex;
+
 	struct list_head trans_list;
 	struct list_head hashers;
 	struct list_head dead_roots;
@@ -741,9 +757,28 @@ struct btrfs_fs_info {
 	 * ordered extents
 	 */
 	spinlock_t ordered_extent_lock;
+
+	/*
+	 * all of the data=ordered extents pending writeback
+	 * these can span multiple transactions and basically include
+	 * every dirty data page that isn't from nodatacow
+	 */
 	struct list_head ordered_extents;
+
+	/*
+	 * all of the inodes that have delalloc bytes.  It is possible for
+	 * this list to be empty even when there is still dirty data=ordered
+	 * extents waiting to finish IO.
+	 */
 	struct list_head delalloc_inodes;
 
+	/*
+	 * special rename and truncate targets that must be on disk before
+	 * we're allowed to commit.  This is basically the ext3 style
+	 * data=ordered list.
+	 */
+	struct list_head ordered_operations;
+
 	/*
 	 * there is a pool of worker threads for checksumming during writes
 	 * and a pool for checksumming after reads.  This is because readers

fs/btrfs/disk-io.c

@@ -1572,6 +1572,7 @@ struct btrfs_root *open_ctree(struct super_block *sb,
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fs_info->dead_roots);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fs_info->hashers);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fs_info->delalloc_inodes);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fs_info->ordered_operations);
 	spin_lock_init(&fs_info->delalloc_lock);
 	spin_lock_init(&fs_info->new_trans_lock);
 	spin_lock_init(&fs_info->ref_cache_lock);
@@ -1643,6 +1644,7 @@ struct btrfs_root *open_ctree(struct super_block *sb,
 	insert_inode_hash(fs_info->btree_inode);
 
 	mutex_init(&fs_info->trans_mutex);
+	mutex_init(&fs_info->ordered_operations_mutex);
 	mutex_init(&fs_info->tree_log_mutex);
 	mutex_init(&fs_info->drop_mutex);
 	mutex_init(&fs_info->pinned_mutex);

fs/btrfs/file.c

@@ -1161,6 +1161,20 @@ static ssize_t btrfs_file_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
 		page_cache_release(pinned[1]);
 	*ppos = pos;
 
+	/*
+	 * we want to make sure fsync finds this change
+	 * but we haven't joined a transaction running right now.
+	 *
+	 * Later on, someone is sure to update the inode and get the
+	 * real transid recorded.
+	 *
+	 * We set last_trans now to the fs_info generation + 1,
+	 * this will either be one more than the running transaction
+	 * or the generation used for the next transaction if there isn't
+	 * one running right now.
+	 */
+	BTRFS_I(inode)->last_trans = root->fs_info->generation + 1;
+
 	if (num_written > 0 && will_write) {
 		struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans;
 
@@ -1194,6 +1208,18 @@ static ssize_t btrfs_file_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
 
 int btrfs_release_file(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
 {
+	/*
+	 * ordered_data_close is set by settattr when we are about to truncate
+	 * a file from a non-zero size to a zero size.  This tries to
+	 * flush down new bytes that may have been written if the
+	 * application were using truncate to replace a file in place.
+	 */
+	if (BTRFS_I(inode)->ordered_data_close) {
+		BTRFS_I(inode)->ordered_data_close = 0;
+		btrfs_add_ordered_operation(NULL, BTRFS_I(inode)->root, inode);
+		if (inode->i_size > BTRFS_ORDERED_OPERATIONS_FLUSH_LIMIT)
+			filemap_flush(inode->i_mapping);
+	}
 	if (filp->private_data)
 		btrfs_ioctl_trans_end(filp);
 	return 0;

fs/btrfs/inode.c

@@ -2907,11 +2907,21 @@ static int btrfs_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr)
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
-	if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) &&
-	    attr->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE && attr->ia_size > inode->i_size) {
+	if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) && (attr->ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE)) {
+		if (attr->ia_size > inode->i_size) {
 			err = btrfs_cont_expand(inode, attr->ia_size);
 			if (err)
 				return err;
+		} else if (inode->i_size > 0 &&
+			   attr->ia_size == 0) {
+
+			/* we're truncating a file that used to have good
+			 * data down to zero.  Make sure it gets into
+			 * the ordered flush list so that any new writes
+			 * get down to disk quickly.
+			 */
+			BTRFS_I(inode)->ordered_data_close = 1;
+		}
 	}
 
 	err = inode_setattr(inode, attr);
@@ -3050,6 +3060,7 @@ static noinline void init_btrfs_i(struct inode *inode)
 	extent_io_tree_init(&BTRFS_I(inode)->io_failure_tree,
 			     inode->i_mapping, GFP_NOFS);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&BTRFS_I(inode)->delalloc_inodes);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&BTRFS_I(inode)->ordered_operations);
 	btrfs_ordered_inode_tree_init(&BTRFS_I(inode)->ordered_tree);
 	mutex_init(&BTRFS_I(inode)->extent_mutex);
 	mutex_init(&BTRFS_I(inode)->log_mutex);
@@ -4419,6 +4430,8 @@ int btrfs_page_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page *page)
 	}
 	ClearPageChecked(page);
 	set_page_dirty(page);
+
+	BTRFS_I(inode)->last_trans = root->fs_info->generation + 1;
 	unlock_extent(io_tree, page_start, page_end, GFP_NOFS);
 
 out_unlock:
@@ -4444,6 +4457,27 @@ static void btrfs_truncate(struct inode *inode)
 	btrfs_wait_ordered_range(inode, inode->i_size & (~mask), (u64)-1);
 
 	trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * setattr is responsible for setting the ordered_data_close flag,
+	 * but that is only tested during the last file release.  That
+	 * could happen well after the next commit, leaving a great big
+	 * window where new writes may get lost if someone chooses to write
+	 * to this file after truncating to zero
+	 *
+	 * The inode doesn't have any dirty data here, and so if we commit
+	 * this is a noop.  If someone immediately starts writing to the inode
+	 * it is very likely we'll catch some of their writes in this
+	 * transaction, and the commit will find this file on the ordered
+	 * data list with good things to send down.
+	 *
+	 * This is a best effort solution, there is still a window where
+	 * using truncate to replace the contents of the file will
+	 * end up with a zero length file after a crash.
+	 */
+	if (inode->i_size == 0 && BTRFS_I(inode)->ordered_data_close)
+		btrfs_add_ordered_operation(trans, root, inode);
+
 	btrfs_set_trans_block_group(trans, inode);
 	btrfs_i_size_write(inode, inode->i_size);
 
@@ -4520,12 +4554,15 @@ struct inode *btrfs_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
 	ei->i_acl = BTRFS_ACL_NOT_CACHED;
 	ei->i_default_acl = BTRFS_ACL_NOT_CACHED;
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ei->i_orphan);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ei->ordered_operations);
 	return &ei->vfs_inode;
 }
 
 void btrfs_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
 {
 	struct btrfs_ordered_extent *ordered;
+	struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
+
 	WARN_ON(!list_empty(&inode->i_dentry));
 	WARN_ON(inode->i_data.nrpages);
 
@@ -4536,13 +4573,24 @@ void btrfs_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
 	    BTRFS_I(inode)->i_default_acl != BTRFS_ACL_NOT_CACHED)
 		posix_acl_release(BTRFS_I(inode)->i_default_acl);
 
-	spin_lock(&BTRFS_I(inode)->root->list_lock);
+	/*
+	 * Make sure we're properly removed from the ordered operation
+	 * lists.
+	 */
+	smp_mb();
+	if (!list_empty(&BTRFS_I(inode)->ordered_operations)) {
+		spin_lock(&root->fs_info->ordered_extent_lock);
+		list_del_init(&BTRFS_I(inode)->ordered_operations);
+		spin_unlock(&root->fs_info->ordered_extent_lock);
+	}
+
+	spin_lock(&root->list_lock);
 	if (!list_empty(&BTRFS_I(inode)->i_orphan)) {
 		printk(KERN_ERR "BTRFS: inode %lu: inode still on the orphan"
 		       " list\n", inode->i_ino);
 		dump_stack();
 	}
-	spin_unlock(&BTRFS_I(inode)->root->list_lock);
+	spin_unlock(&root->list_lock);
 
 	while (1) {
 		ordered = btrfs_lookup_first_ordered_extent(inode, (u64)-1);
@@ -4667,8 +4715,27 @@ static int btrfs_rename(struct inode *old_dir, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 	if (ret)
 		goto out_unlock;
 
+	/*
+	 * we're using rename to replace one file with another.
+	 * and the replacement file is large.  Start IO on it now so
+	 * we don't add too much work to the end of the transaction
+	 */
+	if (new_inode && old_inode && S_ISREG(old_inode->i_mode) &&
+	    new_inode->i_size &&
+	    old_inode->i_size > BTRFS_ORDERED_OPERATIONS_FLUSH_LIMIT)
+		filemap_flush(old_inode->i_mapping);
+
 	trans = btrfs_start_transaction(root, 1);
 
+	/*
+	 * make sure the inode gets flushed if it is replacing
+	 * something.
+	 */
+	if (new_inode && new_inode->i_size &&
+	    old_inode && S_ISREG(old_inode->i_mode)) {
+		btrfs_add_ordered_operation(trans, root, old_inode);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * this is an ugly little race, but the rename is required to make
 	 * sure that if we crash, the inode is either at the old name

fs/btrfs/ordered-data.c

@@ -310,6 +310,16 @@ int btrfs_remove_ordered_extent(struct inode *inode,
 
 	spin_lock(&BTRFS_I(inode)->root->fs_info->ordered_extent_lock);
 	list_del_init(&entry->root_extent_list);
+
+	/*
+	 * we have no more ordered extents for this inode and
+	 * no dirty pages.  We can safely remove it from the
+	 * list of ordered extents
+	 */
+	if (RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&tree->tree) &&
+	    !mapping_tagged(inode->i_mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY)) {
+		list_del_init(&BTRFS_I(inode)->ordered_operations);
+	}
 	spin_unlock(&BTRFS_I(inode)->root->fs_info->ordered_extent_lock);
 
 	mutex_unlock(&tree->mutex);
@@ -369,6 +379,68 @@ int btrfs_wait_ordered_extents(struct btrfs_root *root, int nocow_only)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * this is used during transaction commit to write all the inodes
+ * added to the ordered operation list.  These files must be fully on
+ * disk before the transaction commits.
+ *
+ * we have two modes here, one is to just start the IO via filemap_flush
+ * and the other is to wait for all the io.  When we wait, we have an
+ * extra check to make sure the ordered operation list really is empty
+ * before we return
+ */
+int btrfs_run_ordered_operations(struct btrfs_root *root, int wait)
+{
+	struct btrfs_inode *btrfs_inode;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct list_head splice;
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&splice);
+
+	mutex_lock(&root->fs_info->ordered_operations_mutex);
+	spin_lock(&root->fs_info->ordered_extent_lock);
+again:
+	list_splice_init(&root->fs_info->ordered_operations, &splice);
+
+	while (!list_empty(&splice)) {
+		btrfs_inode = list_entry(splice.next, struct btrfs_inode,
+				   ordered_operations);
+
+		inode = &btrfs_inode->vfs_inode;
+
+		list_del_init(&btrfs_inode->ordered_operations);
+
+		/*
+		 * the inode may be getting freed (in sys_unlink path).
+		 */
+		inode = igrab(inode);
+
+		if (!wait && inode) {
+			list_add_tail(&BTRFS_I(inode)->ordered_operations,
+			      &root->fs_info->ordered_operations);
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&root->fs_info->ordered_extent_lock);
+
+		if (inode) {
+			if (wait)
+				btrfs_wait_ordered_range(inode, 0, (u64)-1);
+			else
+				filemap_flush(inode->i_mapping);
+			iput(inode);
+		}
+
+		cond_resched();
+		spin_lock(&root->fs_info->ordered_extent_lock);
+	}
+	if (wait && !list_empty(&root->fs_info->ordered_operations))
+		goto again;
+
+	spin_unlock(&root->fs_info->ordered_extent_lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&root->fs_info->ordered_operations_mutex);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Used to start IO or wait for a given ordered extent to finish.
  *
@@ -726,3 +798,49 @@ int btrfs_wait_on_page_writeback_range(struct address_space *mapping,
 
 	return ret;
 }
+
+/*
+ * add a given inode to the list of inodes that must be fully on
+ * disk before a transaction commit finishes.
+ *
+ * This basically gives us the ext3 style data=ordered mode, and it is mostly
+ * used to make sure renamed files are fully on disk.
+ *
+ * It is a noop if the inode is already fully on disk.
+ *
+ * If trans is not null, we'll do a friendly check for a transaction that
+ * is already flushing things and force the IO down ourselves.
+ */
+int btrfs_add_ordered_operation(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
+				struct btrfs_root *root,
+				struct inode *inode)
+{
+	u64 last_mod;
+
+	last_mod = max(BTRFS_I(inode)->generation, BTRFS_I(inode)->last_trans);
+
+	/*
+	 * if this file hasn't been changed since the last transaction
+	 * commit, we can safely return without doing anything
+	 */
+	if (last_mod < root->fs_info->last_trans_committed)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * the transaction is already committing.  Just start the IO and
+	 * don't bother with all of this list nonsense
+	 */
+	if (trans && root->fs_info->running_transaction->blocked) {
+		btrfs_wait_ordered_range(inode, 0, (u64)-1);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	spin_lock(&root->fs_info->ordered_extent_lock);
+	if (list_empty(&BTRFS_I(inode)->ordered_operations)) {
+		list_add_tail(&BTRFS_I(inode)->ordered_operations,
+			      &root->fs_info->ordered_operations);
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&root->fs_info->ordered_extent_lock);
+
+	return 0;
+}

fs/btrfs/ordered-data.h

@@ -155,4 +155,8 @@ int btrfs_wait_on_page_writeback_range(struct address_space *mapping,
 int btrfs_fdatawrite_range(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t start,
 			   loff_t end, int sync_mode);
 int btrfs_wait_ordered_extents(struct btrfs_root *root, int nocow_only);
+int btrfs_run_ordered_operations(struct btrfs_root *root, int wait);
+int btrfs_add_ordered_operation(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
+				struct btrfs_root *root,
+				struct inode *inode);
 #endif

fs/btrfs/transaction.c

@@ -975,6 +975,8 @@ int btrfs_commit_transaction(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 	int should_grow = 0;
 	unsigned long now = get_seconds();
 
+	btrfs_run_ordered_operations(root, 0);
+
 	/* make a pass through all the delayed refs we have so far
 	 * any runnings procs may add more while we are here
 	 */
@@ -1056,6 +1058,15 @@ int btrfs_commit_transaction(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 			BUG_ON(ret);
 		}
 
+		/*
+		 * rename don't use btrfs_join_transaction, so, once we
+		 * set the transaction to blocked above, we aren't going
+		 * to get any new ordered operations.  We can safely run
+		 * it here and no for sure that nothing new will be added
+		 * to the list
+		 */
+		btrfs_run_ordered_operations(root, 1);
+
 		smp_mb();
 		if (cur_trans->num_writers > 1 || should_grow)
 			schedule_timeout(timeout);