Commit 627fce14 authored by Josh Poimboeuf's avatar Josh Poimboeuf Committed by Ingo Molnar

objtool: Add ORC unwind table generation

Now that objtool knows the states of all registers on the stack for each
instruction, it's straightforward to generate debuginfo for an unwinder
to use.

Instead of generating DWARF, generate a new format called ORC, which is
more suitable for an in-kernel unwinder.  See
Documentation/x86/orc-unwinder.txt for a more detailed description of
this new debuginfo format and why it's preferable to DWARF.
Signed-off-by: default avatarJosh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Cc: Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/c9b9f01ba6c5ed2bdc9bb0957b78167fdbf9632e.1499786555.git.jpoimboe@redhat.comSigned-off-by: default avatarIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
parent 5a3cf869
objtool-y += arch/$(SRCARCH)/ objtool-y += arch/$(SRCARCH)/
objtool-y += builtin-check.o objtool-y += builtin-check.o
objtool-y += builtin-orc.o
objtool-y += check.o objtool-y += check.o
objtool-y += orc_gen.o
objtool-y += orc_dump.o
objtool-y += elf.o objtool-y += elf.o
objtool-y += special.o objtool-y += special.o
objtool-y += objtool.o objtool-y += objtool.o
......
...@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@ analyzes every .o file and ensures the validity of its stack metadata. ...@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@ analyzes every .o file and ensures the validity of its stack metadata.
It enforces a set of rules on asm code and C inline assembly code so It enforces a set of rules on asm code and C inline assembly code so
that stack traces can be reliable. that stack traces can be reliable.
Currently it only checks frame pointer usage, but there are plans to add
CFI validation for C files and CFI generation for asm files.
For each function, it recursively follows all possible code paths and For each function, it recursively follows all possible code paths and
validates the correct frame pointer state at each instruction. validates the correct frame pointer state at each instruction.
...@@ -23,6 +20,10 @@ alternative execution paths to a given instruction (or set of ...@@ -23,6 +20,10 @@ alternative execution paths to a given instruction (or set of
instructions). Similarly, it knows how to follow switch statements, for instructions). Similarly, it knows how to follow switch statements, for
which gcc sometimes uses jump tables. which gcc sometimes uses jump tables.
(Objtool also has an 'orc generate' subcommand which generates debuginfo
for the ORC unwinder. See Documentation/x86/orc-unwinder.txt in the
kernel tree for more details.)
Why do we need stack metadata validation? Why do we need stack metadata validation?
----------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------
...@@ -93,37 +94,14 @@ a) More reliable stack traces for frame pointer enabled kernels ...@@ -93,37 +94,14 @@ a) More reliable stack traces for frame pointer enabled kernels
or at the very end of the function after the stack frame has been or at the very end of the function after the stack frame has been
destroyed. This is an inherent limitation of frame pointers. destroyed. This is an inherent limitation of frame pointers.
b) 100% reliable stack traces for DWARF enabled kernels b) ORC (Oops Rewind Capability) unwind table generation
(NOTE: This is not yet implemented)
As an alternative to frame pointers, DWARF Call Frame Information
(CFI) metadata can be used to walk the stack. Unlike frame pointers,
CFI metadata is out of band. So it doesn't affect runtime
performance and it can be reliable even when interrupts or exceptions
are involved.
For C code, gcc automatically generates DWARF CFI metadata. But for
asm code, generating CFI is a tedious manual approach which requires
manually placed .cfi assembler macros to be scattered throughout the
code. It's clumsy and very easy to get wrong, and it makes the real
code harder to read.
Stacktool will improve this situation in several ways. For code
which already has CFI annotations, it will validate them. For code
which doesn't have CFI annotations, it will generate them. So an
architecture can opt to strip out all the manual .cfi annotations
from their asm code and have objtool generate them instead.
We might also add a runtime stack validation debug option where we An alternative to frame pointers and DWARF, ORC unwind data can be
periodically walk the stack from schedule() and/or an NMI to ensure used to walk the stack. Unlike frame pointers, ORC data is out of
that the stack metadata is sane and that we reach the bottom of the band. So it doesn't affect runtime performance and it can be
stack. reliable even when interrupts or exceptions are involved.
So the benefit of objtool here will be that external tooling should For more details, see Documentation/x86/orc-unwinder.txt.
always show perfect stack traces. And the same will be true for
kernel warning/oops traces if the architecture has a runtime DWARF
unwinder.
c) Higher live patching compatibility rate c) Higher live patching compatibility rate
...@@ -211,7 +189,7 @@ they mean, and suggestions for how to fix them. ...@@ -211,7 +189,7 @@ they mean, and suggestions for how to fix them.
function, add proper frame pointer logic using the FRAME_BEGIN and function, add proper frame pointer logic using the FRAME_BEGIN and
FRAME_END macros. Otherwise, if it's not a callable function, remove FRAME_END macros. Otherwise, if it's not a callable function, remove
its ELF function annotation by changing ENDPROC to END, and instead its ELF function annotation by changing ENDPROC to END, and instead
use the manual CFI hint macros in asm/undwarf.h. use the manual unwind hint macros in asm/unwind_hints.h.
If it's a GCC-compiled .c file, the error may be because the function If it's a GCC-compiled .c file, the error may be because the function
uses an inline asm() statement which has a "call" instruction. An uses an inline asm() statement which has a "call" instruction. An
...@@ -231,8 +209,8 @@ they mean, and suggestions for how to fix them. ...@@ -231,8 +209,8 @@ they mean, and suggestions for how to fix them.
If the error is for an asm file, and the instruction is inside (or If the error is for an asm file, and the instruction is inside (or
reachable from) a callable function, the function should be annotated reachable from) a callable function, the function should be annotated
with the ENTRY/ENDPROC macros (ENDPROC is the important one). with the ENTRY/ENDPROC macros (ENDPROC is the important one).
Otherwise, the code should probably be annotated with the CFI hint Otherwise, the code should probably be annotated with the unwind hint
macros in asm/undwarf.h so objtool and the unwinder can know the macros in asm/unwind_hints.h so objtool and the unwinder can know the
stack state associated with the code. stack state associated with the code.
If you're 100% sure the code won't affect stack traces, or if you're If you're 100% sure the code won't affect stack traces, or if you're
...@@ -258,7 +236,7 @@ they mean, and suggestions for how to fix them. ...@@ -258,7 +236,7 @@ they mean, and suggestions for how to fix them.
instructions aren't allowed in a callable function, and are most instructions aren't allowed in a callable function, and are most
likely part of the kernel entry code. They should usually not have likely part of the kernel entry code. They should usually not have
the callable function annotation (ENDPROC) and should always be the callable function annotation (ENDPROC) and should always be
annotated with the CFI hint macros in asm/undwarf.h. annotated with the unwind hint macros in asm/unwind_hints.h.
6. file.o: warning: objtool: func()+0x26: sibling call from callable instruction with modified stack frame 6. file.o: warning: objtool: func()+0x26: sibling call from callable instruction with modified stack frame
...@@ -272,7 +250,7 @@ they mean, and suggestions for how to fix them. ...@@ -272,7 +250,7 @@ they mean, and suggestions for how to fix them.
If the instruction is not actually in a callable function (e.g. If the instruction is not actually in a callable function (e.g.
kernel entry code), change ENDPROC to END and annotate manually with kernel entry code), change ENDPROC to END and annotate manually with
the CFI hint macros in asm/undwarf.h. the unwind hint macros in asm/unwind_hints.h.
7. file: warning: objtool: func()+0x5c: stack state mismatch 7. file: warning: objtool: func()+0x5c: stack state mismatch
...@@ -288,8 +266,8 @@ they mean, and suggestions for how to fix them. ...@@ -288,8 +266,8 @@ they mean, and suggestions for how to fix them.
Another possibility is that the code has some asm or inline asm which Another possibility is that the code has some asm or inline asm which
does some unusual things to the stack or the frame pointer. In such does some unusual things to the stack or the frame pointer. In such
cases it's probably appropriate to use the CFI hint macros in cases it's probably appropriate to use the unwind hint macros in
asm/undwarf.h. asm/unwind_hints.h.
8. file.o: warning: objtool: funcA() falls through to next function funcB() 8. file.o: warning: objtool: funcA() falls through to next function funcB()
......
...@@ -52,5 +52,5 @@ int cmd_check(int argc, const char **argv) ...@@ -52,5 +52,5 @@ int cmd_check(int argc, const char **argv)
objname = argv[0]; objname = argv[0];
return check(objname, nofp); return check(objname, nofp, false);
} }
/*
* Copyright (C) 2017 Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
* of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
/*
* objtool orc:
*
* This command analyzes a .o file and adds .orc_unwind and .orc_unwind_ip
* sections to it, which is used by the in-kernel ORC unwinder.
*
* This command is a superset of "objtool check".
*/
#include <string.h>
#include <subcmd/parse-options.h>
#include "builtin.h"
#include "check.h"
static const char *orc_usage[] = {
"objtool orc generate [<options>] file.o",
"objtool orc dump file.o",
NULL,
};
extern const struct option check_options[];
extern bool nofp;
int cmd_orc(int argc, const char **argv)
{
const char *objname;
argc--; argv++;
if (!strncmp(argv[0], "gen", 3)) {
argc = parse_options(argc, argv, check_options, orc_usage, 0);
if (argc != 1)
usage_with_options(orc_usage, check_options);
objname = argv[0];
return check(objname, nofp, true);
}
if (!strcmp(argv[0], "dump")) {
if (argc != 2)
usage_with_options(orc_usage, check_options);
objname = argv[1];
return orc_dump(objname);
}
usage_with_options(orc_usage, check_options);
return 0;
}
...@@ -18,5 +18,6 @@ ...@@ -18,5 +18,6 @@
#define _BUILTIN_H #define _BUILTIN_H
extern int cmd_check(int argc, const char **argv); extern int cmd_check(int argc, const char **argv);
extern int cmd_orc(int argc, const char **argv);
#endif /* _BUILTIN_H */ #endif /* _BUILTIN_H */
...@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ const char *objname; ...@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ const char *objname;
static bool nofp; static bool nofp;
struct cfi_state initial_func_cfi; struct cfi_state initial_func_cfi;
static struct instruction *find_insn(struct objtool_file *file, struct instruction *find_insn(struct objtool_file *file,
struct section *sec, unsigned long offset) struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
{ {
struct instruction *insn; struct instruction *insn;
...@@ -259,6 +259,11 @@ static int decode_instructions(struct objtool_file *file) ...@@ -259,6 +259,11 @@ static int decode_instructions(struct objtool_file *file)
if (!(sec->sh.sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR)) if (!(sec->sh.sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR))
continue; continue;
if (strcmp(sec->name, ".altinstr_replacement") &&
strcmp(sec->name, ".altinstr_aux") &&
strncmp(sec->name, ".discard.", 9))
sec->text = true;
for (offset = 0; offset < sec->len; offset += insn->len) { for (offset = 0; offset < sec->len; offset += insn->len) {
insn = malloc(sizeof(*insn)); insn = malloc(sizeof(*insn));
if (!insn) { if (!insn) {
...@@ -947,6 +952,30 @@ static bool has_valid_stack_frame(struct insn_state *state) ...@@ -947,6 +952,30 @@ static bool has_valid_stack_frame(struct insn_state *state)
return false; return false;
} }
static int update_insn_state_regs(struct instruction *insn, struct insn_state *state)
{
struct cfi_reg *cfa = &state->cfa;
struct stack_op *op = &insn->stack_op;
if (cfa->base != CFI_SP)
return 0;
/* push */
if (op->dest.type == OP_DEST_PUSH)
cfa->offset += 8;
/* pop */
if (op->src.type == OP_SRC_POP)
cfa->offset -= 8;
/* add immediate to sp */
if (op->dest.type == OP_DEST_REG && op->src.type == OP_SRC_ADD &&
op->dest.reg == CFI_SP && op->src.reg == CFI_SP)
cfa->offset -= op->src.offset;
return 0;
}
static void save_reg(struct insn_state *state, unsigned char reg, int base, static void save_reg(struct insn_state *state, unsigned char reg, int base,
int offset) int offset)
{ {
...@@ -1032,6 +1061,9 @@ static int update_insn_state(struct instruction *insn, struct insn_state *state) ...@@ -1032,6 +1061,9 @@ static int update_insn_state(struct instruction *insn, struct insn_state *state)
return 0; return 0;
} }
if (state->type == ORC_TYPE_REGS || state->type == ORC_TYPE_REGS_IRET)
return update_insn_state_regs(insn, state);
switch (op->dest.type) { switch (op->dest.type) {
case OP_DEST_REG: case OP_DEST_REG:
...@@ -1323,6 +1355,10 @@ static bool insn_state_match(struct instruction *insn, struct insn_state *state) ...@@ -1323,6 +1355,10 @@ static bool insn_state_match(struct instruction *insn, struct insn_state *state)
break; break;
} }
} else if (state1->type != state2->type) {
WARN_FUNC("stack state mismatch: type1=%d type2=%d",
insn->sec, insn->offset, state1->type, state2->type);
} else if (state1->drap != state2->drap || } else if (state1->drap != state2->drap ||
(state1->drap && state1->drap_reg != state2->drap_reg)) { (state1->drap && state1->drap_reg != state2->drap_reg)) {
WARN_FUNC("stack state mismatch: drap1=%d(%d) drap2=%d(%d)", WARN_FUNC("stack state mismatch: drap1=%d(%d) drap2=%d(%d)",
...@@ -1613,7 +1649,7 @@ static void cleanup(struct objtool_file *file) ...@@ -1613,7 +1649,7 @@ static void cleanup(struct objtool_file *file)
elf_close(file->elf); elf_close(file->elf);
} }
int check(const char *_objname, bool _nofp) int check(const char *_objname, bool _nofp, bool orc)
{ {
struct objtool_file file; struct objtool_file file;
int ret, warnings = 0; int ret, warnings = 0;
...@@ -1621,7 +1657,7 @@ int check(const char *_objname, bool _nofp) ...@@ -1621,7 +1657,7 @@ int check(const char *_objname, bool _nofp)
objname = _objname; objname = _objname;
nofp = _nofp; nofp = _nofp;
file.elf = elf_open(objname); file.elf = elf_open(objname, orc ? O_RDWR : O_RDONLY);
if (!file.elf) if (!file.elf)
return 1; return 1;
...@@ -1654,6 +1690,20 @@ int check(const char *_objname, bool _nofp) ...@@ -1654,6 +1690,20 @@ int check(const char *_objname, bool _nofp)
warnings += ret; warnings += ret;
} }
if (orc) {
ret = create_orc(&file);
if (ret < 0)
goto out;
ret = create_orc_sections(&file);
if (ret < 0)
goto out;
ret = elf_write(file.elf);
if (ret < 0)
goto out;
}
out: out:
cleanup(&file); cleanup(&file);
......
...@@ -22,12 +22,14 @@ ...@@ -22,12 +22,14 @@
#include "elf.h" #include "elf.h"
#include "cfi.h" #include "cfi.h"
#include "arch.h" #include "arch.h"
#include "orc.h"
#include <linux/hashtable.h> #include <linux/hashtable.h>
struct insn_state { struct insn_state {
struct cfi_reg cfa; struct cfi_reg cfa;
struct cfi_reg regs[CFI_NUM_REGS]; struct cfi_reg regs[CFI_NUM_REGS];
int stack_size; int stack_size;
unsigned char type;
bool bp_scratch; bool bp_scratch;
bool drap; bool drap;
int drap_reg; int drap_reg;
...@@ -48,6 +50,7 @@ struct instruction { ...@@ -48,6 +50,7 @@ struct instruction {
struct symbol *func; struct symbol *func;
struct stack_op stack_op; struct stack_op stack_op;
struct insn_state state; struct insn_state state;
struct orc_entry orc;
}; };
struct objtool_file { struct objtool_file {
...@@ -58,9 +61,19 @@ struct objtool_file { ...@@ -58,9 +61,19 @@ struct objtool_file {
bool ignore_unreachables, c_file; bool ignore_unreachables, c_file;
}; };
int check(const char *objname, bool nofp); int check(const char *objname, bool nofp, bool orc);
struct instruction *find_insn(struct objtool_file *file,
struct section *sec, unsigned long offset);
#define for_each_insn(file, insn) \ #define for_each_insn(file, insn) \
list_for_each_entry(insn, &file->insn_list, list) list_for_each_entry(insn, &file->insn_list, list)
#define sec_for_each_insn(file, sec, insn) \
for (insn = find_insn(file, sec, 0); \
insn && &insn->list != &file->insn_list && \
insn->sec == sec; \
insn = list_next_entry(insn, list))
#endif /* _CHECK_H */ #endif /* _CHECK_H */
...@@ -30,16 +30,6 @@ ...@@ -30,16 +30,6 @@
#include "elf.h" #include "elf.h"
#include "warn.h" #include "warn.h"
/*
* Fallback for systems without this "read, mmaping if possible" cmd.
*/
#ifndef ELF_C_READ_MMAP
#define ELF_C_READ_MMAP ELF_C_READ
#endif
#define WARN_ELF(format, ...) \
WARN(format ": %s", ##__VA_ARGS__, elf_errmsg(-1))
struct section *find_section_by_name(struct elf *elf, const char *name) struct section *find_section_by_name(struct elf *elf, const char *name)
{ {
struct section *sec; struct section *sec;
...@@ -349,9 +339,10 @@ static int read_relas(struct elf *elf) ...@@ -349,9 +339,10 @@ static int read_relas(struct elf *elf)
return 0; return 0;
} }
struct elf *elf_open(const char *name) struct elf *elf_open(const char *name, int flags)
{ {
struct elf *elf; struct elf *elf;
Elf_Cmd cmd;
elf_version(EV_CURRENT); elf_version(EV_CURRENT);
...@@ -364,13 +355,20 @@ struct elf *elf_open(const char *name) ...@@ -364,13 +355,20 @@ struct elf *elf_open(const char *name)
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&elf->sections); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&elf->sections);
elf->fd = open(name, O_RDONLY); elf->fd = open(name, flags);
if (elf->fd == -1) { if (elf->fd == -1) {
perror("open"); perror("open");
goto err; goto err;
} }
elf->elf = elf_begin(elf->fd, ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL); if ((flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDONLY)
cmd = ELF_C_READ_MMAP;
else if ((flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDWR)
cmd = ELF_C_RDWR;
else /* O_WRONLY */
cmd = ELF_C_WRITE;
elf->elf = elf_begin(elf->fd, cmd, NULL);
if (!elf->elf) { if (!elf->elf) {
WARN_ELF("elf_begin"); WARN_ELF("elf_begin");
goto err; goto err;
...@@ -397,6 +395,194 @@ struct elf *elf_open(const char *name) ...@@ -397,6 +395,194 @@ struct elf *elf_open(const char *name)
return NULL; return NULL;
} }
struct section *elf_create_section(struct elf *elf, const char *name,
size_t entsize, int nr)
{
struct section *sec, *shstrtab;
size_t size = entsize * nr;
struct Elf_Scn *s;
Elf_Data *data;
sec = malloc(sizeof(*sec));
if (!sec) {
perror("malloc");
return NULL;
}
memset(sec, 0, sizeof(*sec));
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sec->symbol_list);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sec->rela_list);
hash_init(sec->rela_hash);
hash_init(sec->symbol_hash);
list_add_tail(&sec->list, &elf->sections);
s = elf_newscn(elf->elf);
if (!s) {
WARN_ELF("elf_newscn");
return NULL;
}
sec->name = strdup(name);
if (!sec->name) {
perror("strdup");
return NULL;
}
sec->idx = elf_ndxscn(s);
sec->len = size;
sec->changed = true;
sec->data = elf_newdata(s);
if (!sec->data) {
WARN_ELF("elf_newdata");
return NULL;
}
sec->data->d_size = size;
sec->data->d_align = 1;
if (size) {
sec->data->d_buf = malloc(size);
if (!sec->data->d_buf) {
perror("malloc");
return NULL;
}
memset(sec->data->d_buf, 0, size);
}
if (!gelf_getshdr(s, &sec->sh)) {
WARN_ELF("gelf_getshdr");
return NULL;
}
sec->sh.sh_size = size;
sec->sh.sh_entsize = entsize;
sec->sh.sh_type = SHT_PROGBITS;
sec->sh.sh_addralign = 1;
sec->sh.sh_flags = SHF_ALLOC;
/* Add section name to .shstrtab */
shstrtab = find_section_by_name(elf, ".shstrtab");
if (!shstrtab) {
WARN("can't find .shstrtab section");
return NULL;
}
s = elf_getscn(elf->elf, shstrtab->idx);
if (!s) {
WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
return NULL;
}
data = elf_newdata(s);
if (!data) {
WARN_ELF("elf_newdata");
return NULL;
}
data->d_buf = sec->name;
data->d_size = strlen(name) + 1;
data->d_align = 1;
sec->sh.sh_name = shstrtab->len;
shstrtab->len += strlen(name) + 1;
shstrtab->changed = true;
return sec;
}
struct section *elf_create_rela_section(struct elf *elf, struct section *base)
{
char *relaname;
struct section *sec;
relaname = malloc(strlen(base->name) + strlen(".rela") + 1);
if (!relaname) {
perror("malloc");
return NULL;
}
strcpy(relaname, ".rela");
strcat(relaname, base->name);
sec = elf_create_section(elf, relaname, sizeof(GElf_Rela), 0);
if (!sec)
return NULL;
base->rela = sec;
sec->base = base;
sec->sh.sh_type = SHT_RELA;
sec->sh.sh_addralign = 8;
sec->sh.sh_link = find_section_by_name(elf, ".symtab")->idx;
sec->sh.sh_info = base->idx;
sec->sh.sh_flags = SHF_INFO_LINK;
return sec;
}
int elf_rebuild_rela_section(struct section *sec)
{
struct rela *rela;
int nr, idx = 0, size;
GElf_Rela *relas;
nr = 0;
list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list)
nr++;
size = nr * sizeof(*relas);
relas = malloc(size);
if (!relas) {
perror("malloc");
return -1;
}
sec->data->d_buf = relas;
sec->data->d_size = size;
sec->sh.sh_size = size;
idx = 0;
list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
relas[idx].r_offset = rela->offset;
relas[idx].r_addend = rela->addend;
relas[idx].r_info = GELF_R_INFO(rela->sym->idx, rela->type);
idx++;
}
return 0;
}
int elf_write(struct elf *elf)
{
struct section *sec;
Elf_Scn *s;
list_for_each_entry(sec, &elf->sections, list) {
if (sec->changed) {
s = elf_getscn(elf->elf, sec->idx);
if (!s) {
WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
return -1;
}
if (!gelf_update_shdr (s, &sec->sh)) {
WARN_ELF("gelf_update_shdr");
return -1;
}
}
}
if (elf_update(elf->elf, ELF_C_WRITE) < 0) {
WARN_ELF("elf_update");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
void elf_close(struct elf *elf) void elf_close(struct elf *elf)
{ {
struct section *sec, *tmpsec; struct section *sec, *tmpsec;
......
...@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@ ...@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@
# define elf_getshdrstrndx elf_getshstrndx # define elf_getshdrstrndx elf_getshstrndx
#endif #endif
/*
* Fallback for systems without this "read, mmaping if possible" cmd.
*/
#ifndef ELF_C_READ_MMAP
#define ELF_C_READ_MMAP ELF_C_READ
#endif
struct section { struct section {
struct list_head list; struct list_head list;
GElf_Shdr sh; GElf_Shdr sh;
...@@ -41,6 +48,7 @@ struct section { ...@@ -41,6 +48,7 @@ struct section {
char *name; char *name;
int idx; int idx;
unsigned int len; unsigned int len;
bool changed, text;
}; };
struct symbol { struct symbol {
...@@ -75,7 +83,7 @@ struct elf { ...@@ -75,7 +83,7 @@ struct elf {
}; };
struct elf *elf_open(const char *name); struct elf *elf_open(const char *name, int flags);
struct section *find_section_by_name(struct elf *elf, const char *name); struct section *find_section_by_name(struct elf *elf, const char *name);
struct symbol *find_symbol_by_offset(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset); struct symbol *find_symbol_by_offset(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset);
struct symbol *find_symbol_containing(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset); struct symbol *find_symbol_containing(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset);
...@@ -83,6 +91,11 @@ struct rela *find_rela_by_dest(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset); ...@@ -83,6 +91,11 @@ struct rela *find_rela_by_dest(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset);
struct rela *find_rela_by_dest_range(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset, struct rela *find_rela_by_dest_range(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset,
unsigned int len); unsigned int len);
struct symbol *find_containing_func(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset); struct symbol *find_containing_func(struct section *sec, unsigned long offset);
struct section *elf_create_section(struct elf *elf, const char *name, size_t
entsize, int nr);
struct section *elf_create_rela_section(struct elf *elf, struct section *base);
int elf_rebuild_rela_section(struct section *sec);
int elf_write(struct elf *elf);
void elf_close(struct elf *elf); void elf_close(struct elf *elf);
#define for_each_sec(file, sec) \ #define for_each_sec(file, sec) \
......
...@@ -42,10 +42,11 @@ struct cmd_struct { ...@@ -42,10 +42,11 @@ struct cmd_struct {
}; };
static const char objtool_usage_string[] = static const char objtool_usage_string[] =
"objtool [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]"; "objtool COMMAND [ARGS]";
static struct cmd_struct objtool_cmds[] = { static struct cmd_struct objtool_cmds[] = {
{"check", cmd_check, "Perform stack metadata validation on an object file" }, {"check", cmd_check, "Perform stack metadata validation on an object file" },
{"orc", cmd_orc, "Generate in-place ORC unwind tables for an object file" },
}; };
bool help; bool help;
......
/*
* Copyright (C) 2017 Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
* of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#ifndef _ORC_H
#define _ORC_H
#include "orc_types.h"
struct objtool_file;
int create_orc(struct objtool_file *file);
int create_orc_sections(struct objtool_file *file);
int orc_dump(const char *objname);
#endif /* _ORC_H */
/*
* Copyright (C) 2017 Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
* of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include <unistd.h>
#include "orc.h"
#include "warn.h"
static const char *reg_name(unsigned int reg)
{
switch (reg) {
case ORC_REG_PREV_SP:
return "prevsp";
case ORC_REG_DX:
return "dx";
case ORC_REG_DI:
return "di";
case ORC_REG_BP:
return "bp";
case ORC_REG_SP:
return "sp";
case ORC_REG_R10:
return "r10";
case ORC_REG_R13:
return "r13";
case ORC_REG_BP_INDIRECT:
return "bp(ind)";
case ORC_REG_SP_INDIRECT:
return "sp(ind)";
default:
return "?";
}
}
static const char *orc_type_name(unsigned int type)
{
switch (type) {
case ORC_TYPE_CALL:
return "call";
case ORC_TYPE_REGS:
return "regs";
case ORC_TYPE_REGS_IRET:
return "iret";
default:
return "?";
}
}
static void print_reg(unsigned int reg, int offset)
{
if (reg == ORC_REG_BP_INDIRECT)
printf("(bp%+d)", offset);
else if (reg == ORC_REG_SP_INDIRECT)
printf("(sp%+d)", offset);
else if (reg == ORC_REG_UNDEFINED)
printf("(und)");
else
printf("%s%+d", reg_name(reg), offset);
}
int orc_dump(const char *_objname)
{
int fd, nr_entries, i, *orc_ip = NULL, orc_size = 0;
struct orc_entry *orc = NULL;
char *name;
unsigned long nr_sections, orc_ip_addr = 0;
size_t shstrtab_idx;
Elf *elf;
Elf_Scn *scn;
GElf_Shdr sh;
GElf_Rela rela;
GElf_Sym sym;
Elf_Data *data, *symtab = NULL, *rela_orc_ip = NULL;
objname = _objname;
elf_version(EV_CURRENT);
fd = open(objname, O_RDONLY);
if (fd == -1) {
perror("open");
return -1;
}
elf = elf_begin(fd, ELF_C_READ_MMAP, NULL);
if (!elf) {
WARN_ELF("elf_begin");
return -1;
}
if (elf_getshdrnum(elf, &nr_sections)) {
WARN_ELF("elf_getshdrnum");
return -1;
}
if (elf_getshdrstrndx(elf, &shstrtab_idx)) {
WARN_ELF("elf_getshdrstrndx");
return -1;
}
for (i = 0; i < nr_sections; i++) {
scn = elf_getscn(elf, i);
if (!scn) {
WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
return -1;
}
if (!gelf_getshdr(scn, &sh)) {
WARN_ELF("gelf_getshdr");
return -1;
}
name = elf_strptr(elf, shstrtab_idx, sh.sh_name);
if (!name) {
WARN_ELF("elf_strptr");
return -1;
}
data = elf_getdata(scn, NULL);
if (!data) {
WARN_ELF("elf_getdata");
return -1;
}
if (!strcmp(name, ".symtab")) {
symtab = data;
} else if (!strcmp(name, ".orc_unwind")) {
orc = data->d_buf;
orc_size = sh.sh_size;
} else if (!strcmp(name, ".orc_unwind_ip")) {
orc_ip = data->d_buf;
orc_ip_addr = sh.sh_addr;
} else if (!strcmp(name, ".rela.orc_unwind_ip")) {
rela_orc_ip = data;
}
}
if (!symtab || !orc || !orc_ip)
return 0;
if (orc_size % sizeof(*orc) != 0) {
WARN("bad .orc_unwind section size");
return -1;
}
nr_entries = orc_size / sizeof(*orc);
for (i = 0; i < nr_entries; i++) {
if (rela_orc_ip) {
if (!gelf_getrela(rela_orc_ip, i, &rela)) {
WARN_ELF("gelf_getrela");
return -1;
}
if (!gelf_getsym(symtab, GELF_R_SYM(rela.r_info), &sym)) {
WARN_ELF("gelf_getsym");
return -1;
}
scn = elf_getscn(elf, sym.st_shndx);
if (!scn) {
WARN_ELF("elf_getscn");
return -1;
}
if (!gelf_getshdr(scn, &sh)) {
WARN_ELF("gelf_getshdr");
return -1;
}
name = elf_strptr(elf, shstrtab_idx, sh.sh_name);
if (!name || !*name) {
WARN_ELF("elf_strptr");
return -1;
}
printf("%s+%lx:", name, rela.r_addend);
} else {
printf("%lx:", orc_ip_addr + (i * sizeof(int)) + orc_ip[i]);
}
printf(" sp:");
print_reg(orc[i].sp_reg, orc[i].sp_offset);
printf(" bp:");
print_reg(orc[i].bp_reg, orc[i].bp_offset);
printf(" type:%s\n", orc_type_name(orc[i].type));
}
elf_end(elf);
close(fd);
return 0;
}
/*
* Copyright (C) 2017 Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
* of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "orc.h"
#include "check.h"
#include "warn.h"
int create_orc(struct objtool_file *file)
{
struct instruction *insn;
for_each_insn(file, insn) {
struct orc_entry *orc = &insn->orc;
struct cfi_reg *cfa = &insn->state.cfa;
struct cfi_reg *bp = &insn->state.regs[CFI_BP];
if (cfa->base == CFI_UNDEFINED) {
orc->sp_reg = ORC_REG_UNDEFINED;
continue;
}
switch (cfa->base) {
case CFI_SP:
orc->sp_reg = ORC_REG_SP;
break;
case CFI_SP_INDIRECT:
orc->sp_reg = ORC_REG_SP_INDIRECT;
break;
case CFI_BP:
orc->sp_reg = ORC_REG_BP;
break;
case CFI_BP_INDIRECT:
orc->sp_reg = ORC_REG_BP_INDIRECT;
break;
case CFI_R10:
orc->sp_reg = ORC_REG_R10;
break;
case CFI_R13:
orc->sp_reg = ORC_REG_R13;
break;
case CFI_DI:
orc->sp_reg = ORC_REG_DI;
break;
case CFI_DX:
orc->sp_reg = ORC_REG_DX;
break;
default:
WARN_FUNC("unknown CFA base reg %d",
insn->sec, insn->offset, cfa->base);
return -1;
}
switch(bp->base) {
case CFI_UNDEFINED:
orc->bp_reg = ORC_REG_UNDEFINED;
break;
case CFI_CFA:
orc->bp_reg = ORC_REG_PREV_SP;
break;
case CFI_BP:
orc->bp_reg = ORC_REG_BP;
break;
default:
WARN_FUNC("unknown BP base reg %d",
insn->sec, insn->offset, bp->base);
return -1;
}
orc->sp_offset = cfa->offset;
orc->bp_offset = bp->offset;
orc->type = insn->state.type;
}
return 0;
}
static int create_orc_entry(struct section *u_sec, struct section *ip_relasec,
unsigned int idx, struct section *insn_sec,
unsigned long insn_off, struct orc_entry *o)
{
struct orc_entry *orc;
struct rela *rela;
/* populate ORC data */
orc = (struct orc_entry *)u_sec->data->d_buf + idx;
memcpy(orc, o, sizeof(*orc));
/* populate rela for ip */
rela = malloc(sizeof(*rela));
if (!rela) {
perror("malloc");
return -1;
}
memset(rela, 0, sizeof(*rela));
rela->sym = insn_sec->sym;
rela->addend = insn_off;
rela->type = R_X86_64_PC32;
rela->offset = idx * sizeof(int);
list_add_tail(&rela->list, &ip_relasec->rela_list);
hash_add(ip_relasec->rela_hash, &rela->hash, rela->offset);
return 0;
}
int create_orc_sections(struct objtool_file *file)
{
struct instruction *insn, *prev_insn;
struct section *sec, *u_sec, *ip_relasec;
unsigned int idx;
struct orc_entry empty = {
.sp_reg = ORC_REG_UNDEFINED,
.bp_reg = ORC_REG_UNDEFINED,
.type = ORC_TYPE_CALL,
};
sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".orc_unwind");
if (sec) {
WARN("file already has .orc_unwind section, skipping");
return -1;
}
/* count the number of needed orcs */
idx = 0;
for_each_sec(file, sec) {
if (!sec->text)
continue;
prev_insn = NULL;
sec_for_each_insn(file, sec, insn) {
if (!prev_insn ||
memcmp(&insn->orc, &prev_insn->orc,
sizeof(struct orc_entry))) {
idx++;
}
prev_insn = insn;
}
/* section terminator */
if (prev_insn)
idx++;
}
if (!idx)
return -1;
/* create .orc_unwind_ip and .rela.orc_unwind_ip sections */
sec = elf_create_section(file->elf, ".orc_unwind_ip", sizeof(int), idx);
ip_relasec = elf_create_rela_section(file->elf, sec);
if (!ip_relasec)
return -1;
/* create .orc_unwind section */
u_sec = elf_create_section(file->elf, ".orc_unwind",
sizeof(struct orc_entry), idx);
/* populate sections */
idx = 0;
for_each_sec(file, sec) {
if (!sec->text)
continue;
prev_insn = NULL;
sec_for_each_insn(file, sec, insn) {
if (!prev_insn || memcmp(&insn->orc, &prev_insn->orc,
sizeof(struct orc_entry))) {
if (create_orc_entry(u_sec, ip_relasec, idx,
insn->sec, insn->offset,
&insn->orc))
return -1;
idx++;
}
prev_insn = insn;
}
/* section terminator */
if (prev_insn) {
if (create_orc_entry(u_sec, ip_relasec, idx,
prev_insn->sec,
prev_insn->offset + prev_insn->len,
&empty))
return -1;
idx++;
}
}
if (elf_rebuild_rela_section(ip_relasec))
return -1;
return 0;
}
/*
* Copyright (C) 2017 Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
* of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
#ifndef _ORC_TYPES_H
#define _ORC_TYPES_H
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
/*
* The ORC_REG_* registers are base registers which are used to find other
* registers on the stack.
*
* ORC_REG_PREV_SP, also known as DWARF Call Frame Address (CFA), is the
* address of the previous frame: the caller's SP before it called the current
* function.
*
* ORC_REG_UNDEFINED means the corresponding register's value didn't change in
* the current frame.
*
* The most commonly used base registers are SP and BP -- which the previous SP
* is usually based on -- and PREV_SP and UNDEFINED -- which the previous BP is
* usually based on.
*
* The rest of the base registers are needed for special cases like entry code
* and GCC realigned stacks.
*/
#define ORC_REG_UNDEFINED 0
#define ORC_REG_PREV_SP 1
#define ORC_REG_DX 2
#define ORC_REG_DI 3
#define ORC_REG_BP 4
#define ORC_REG_SP 5
#define ORC_REG_R10 6
#define ORC_REG_R13 7
#define ORC_REG_BP_INDIRECT 8
#define ORC_REG_SP_INDIRECT 9
#define ORC_REG_MAX 15
/*
* ORC_TYPE_CALL: Indicates that sp_reg+sp_offset resolves to PREV_SP (the
* caller's SP right before it made the call). Used for all callable
* functions, i.e. all C code and all callable asm functions.
*
* ORC_TYPE_REGS: Used in entry code to indicate that sp_reg+sp_offset points
* to a fully populated pt_regs from a syscall, interrupt, or exception.
*
* ORC_TYPE_REGS_IRET: Used in entry code to indicate that sp_reg+sp_offset
* points to the iret return frame.
*/
#define ORC_TYPE_CALL 0
#define ORC_TYPE_REGS 1
#define ORC_TYPE_REGS_IRET 2
/*
* This struct is more or less a vastly simplified version of the DWARF Call
* Frame Information standard. It contains only the necessary parts of DWARF
* CFI, simplified for ease of access by the in-kernel unwinder. It tells the
* unwinder how to find the previous SP and BP (and sometimes entry regs) on
* the stack for a given code address. Each instance of the struct corresponds
* to one or more code locations.
*/
struct orc_entry {
s16 sp_offset;
s16 bp_offset;
unsigned sp_reg:4;
unsigned bp_reg:4;
unsigned type:2;
} __packed;
#endif /* _ORC_TYPES_H */
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