perf metric: Reduce multiplexing with duration_time

It is common to use the same counters with and without duration_time.
The ID sharing code treats duration_time as if it were a hardware event
placed in the same group. This causes unnecessary multiplexing such as
in the following example where l3_cache_access isn't shared:

  $ perf stat -M l3 -a sleep 1

   Performance counter stats for 'system wide':

         3,117,007      l3_cache_miss         #    199.5 MB/s  l3_rd_bw
                                              #     43.6 %  l3_hits
                                              #     56.4 %  l3_miss                 (50.00%)
         5,526,447      l3_cache_access                                             (50.00%)
         5,392,435      l3_cache_access       # 5389191.2 access/s  l3_access_rate  (50.00%)
     1,000,601,901 ns   duration_time

       1.000601901 seconds time elapsed

Fix this by placing duration_time in all groups unless metric
sharing has been disabled on the command line:

  $ perf stat -M l3 -a sleep 1

   Performance counter stats for 'system wide':

         3,597,972      l3_cache_miss         #    230.3 MB/s  l3_rd_bw
                                              #     48.0 %  l3_hits
                                              #     52.0 %  l3_miss
         6,914,459      l3_cache_access       # 6909935.9 access/s  l3_access_rate
     1,000,654,579 ns   duration_time

       1.000654579 seconds time elapsed

  $ perf stat --metric-no-merge -M l3 -a sleep 1

   Performance counter stats for 'system wide':

         3,501,834      l3_cache_miss         #     53.5 %  l3_miss                (24.99%)
         6,548,173      l3_cache_access                                            (24.99%)
         3,417,622      l3_cache_miss         #     45.7 %  l3_hits                (25.04%)
         6,294,062      l3_cache_access                                            (25.04%)
         5,923,238      l3_cache_access       # 5919688.1 access/s  l3_access_rate (24.99%)
     1,000,599,683 ns   duration_time
         3,607,486      l3_cache_miss         #    230.9 MB/s  l3_rd_bw            (49.97%)

       1.000599683 seconds time elapsed

v2. Doesn't count duration_time in the metric_list_cmp function that
    sorts larger metrics first. Without this a metric with duration_time
    and an event is sorted the same as a metric with two events,
    possibly not allowing the first metric to share with the second.
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: John Garry <john.garry@huawei.com>
Cc: Kajol Jain <kjain@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Clarke <pc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20211124015226.3317994-1-irogers@google.comSigned-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

tools/perf/util/metricgroup.c

@@ -1115,13 +1115,27 @@ static int metricgroup__add_metric_sys_event_iter(const struct pmu_event *pe,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+/**
+ * metric_list_cmp - list_sort comparator that sorts metrics with more events to
+ *                   the front. duration_time is excluded from the count.
+ */
 static int metric_list_cmp(void *priv __maybe_unused, const struct list_head *l,
 			   const struct list_head *r)
 {
 	const struct metric *left = container_of(l, struct metric, nd);
 	const struct metric *right = container_of(r, struct metric, nd);
+	struct expr_id_data *data;
+	int left_count, right_count;
+
+	left_count = hashmap__size(left->pctx->ids);
+	if (!expr__get_id(left->pctx, "duration_time", &data))
+		left_count--;
+
+	right_count = hashmap__size(right->pctx->ids);
+	if (!expr__get_id(right->pctx, "duration_time", &data))
+		right_count--;
 
-	return hashmap__size(right->pctx->ids) - hashmap__size(left->pctx->ids);
+	return right_count - left_count;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1299,14 +1313,16 @@ static int build_combined_expr_ctx(const struct list_head *metric_list,
 /**
  * parse_ids - Build the event string for the ids and parse them creating an
  *             evlist. The encoded metric_ids are decoded.
+ * @metric_no_merge: is metric sharing explicitly disabled.
  * @fake_pmu: used when testing metrics not supported by the current CPU.
  * @ids: the event identifiers parsed from a metric.
  * @modifier: any modifiers added to the events.
  * @has_constraint: false if events should be placed in a weak group.
  * @out_evlist: the created list of events.
  */
-static int parse_ids(struct perf_pmu *fake_pmu, struct expr_parse_ctx *ids,
-		     const char *modifier, bool has_constraint, struct evlist **out_evlist)
+static int parse_ids(bool metric_no_merge, struct perf_pmu *fake_pmu,
+		     struct expr_parse_ctx *ids, const char *modifier,
+		     bool has_constraint, struct evlist **out_evlist)
 {
 	struct parse_events_error parse_error;
 	struct evlist *parsed_evlist;
@@ -1314,12 +1330,19 @@ static int parse_ids(struct perf_pmu *fake_pmu, struct expr_parse_ctx *ids,
 	int ret;
 
 	*out_evlist = NULL;
-	if (hashmap__size(ids->ids) == 0) {
+	if (!metric_no_merge || hashmap__size(ids->ids) == 0) {
 		char *tmp;
 		/*
-		 * No ids/events in the expression parsing context. Events may
-		 * have been removed because of constant evaluation, e.g.:
-		 *  event1 if #smt_on else 0
+		 * We may fail to share events between metrics because
+		 * duration_time isn't present in one metric. For example, a
+		 * ratio of cache misses doesn't need duration_time but the same
+		 * events may be used for a misses per second. Events without
+		 * sharing implies multiplexing, that is best avoided, so place
+		 * duration_time in every group.
+		 *
+		 * Also, there may be no ids/events in the expression parsing
+		 * context because of constant evaluation, e.g.:
+		 *    event1 if #smt_on else 0
 		 * Add a duration_time event to avoid a parse error on an empty
 		 * string.
 		 */
@@ -1387,7 +1410,8 @@ static int parse_groups(struct evlist *perf_evlist, const char *str,
 		ret = build_combined_expr_ctx(&metric_list, &combined);
 
 		if (!ret && combined && hashmap__size(combined->ids)) {
-			ret = parse_ids(fake_pmu, combined, /*modifier=*/NULL,
+			ret = parse_ids(metric_no_merge, fake_pmu, combined,
+					/*modifier=*/NULL,
 					/*has_constraint=*/true,
 					&combined_evlist);
 		}
@@ -1435,7 +1459,7 @@ static int parse_groups(struct evlist *perf_evlist, const char *str,
 			}
 		}
 		if (!metric_evlist) {
-			ret = parse_ids(fake_pmu, m->pctx, m->modifier,
+			ret = parse_ids(metric_no_merge, fake_pmu, m->pctx, m->modifier,
 					m->has_constraint, &m->evlist);
 			if (ret)
 				goto out;