ALSA: doc: ReSTize HD-Audio document

The original HD-Audio.txt was already in asciidoc format, so it's a
simple conversion in the end.

A new subdirectory, Documentation/sound/hd-audio, is created and the
document is moved there with another file name to match better with
the recent Documentation tree structure.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

Documentation/sound/hd-audio/index.rst

+HD-Audio
+========
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   notes

Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt → Documentation/sound/hd-audio/notes.rst

-MORE NOTES ON HD-AUDIO DRIVER
 =============================
-					Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
+More Notes on HD-Audio Driver
+=============================
 
+Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 
-GENERAL
--------
+
+General
+=======
 
 HD-audio is the new standard on-board audio component on modern PCs
 after AC97.  Although Linux has been supporting HD-audio since long
@@ -40,28 +42,28 @@ If you are interested in the deep debugging of HD-audio, read the
 HD-audio specification at first.  The specification is found on
 Intel's web page, for example:
 
-- http://www.intel.com/standards/hdaudio/
+* http://www.intel.com/standards/hdaudio/
 
 
-HD-AUDIO CONTROLLER
--------------------
+HD-Audio Controller
+===================
 
 DMA-Position Problem
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+--------------------
 The most common problem of the controller is the inaccurate DMA
 pointer reporting.  The DMA pointer for playback and capture can be
 read in two ways, either via a LPIB register or via a position-buffer
 map.  As default the driver tries to read from the io-mapped
 position-buffer, and falls back to LPIB if the position-buffer appears
 dead.  However, this detection isn't perfect on some devices.  In such
-a case, you can change the default method via `position_fix` option.
+a case, you can change the default method via ``position_fix`` option.
 
-`position_fix=1` means to use LPIB method explicitly.
-`position_fix=2` means to use the position-buffer.
-`position_fix=3` means to use a combination of both methods, needed
+``position_fix=1`` means to use LPIB method explicitly.
+``position_fix=2`` means to use the position-buffer.
+``position_fix=3`` means to use a combination of both methods, needed
 for some VIA controllers.  The capture stream position is corrected
 by comparing both LPIB and position-buffer values.
-`position_fix=4` is another combination available for all controllers,
+``position_fix=4`` is another combination available for all controllers,
 and uses LPIB for the playback and the position-buffer for the capture
 streams.
 0 is the default value for all other
@@ -74,9 +76,9 @@ the wake-up timing.  It wakes up a few samples before actually
 processing the data on the buffer.  This caused a lot of problems, for
 example, with ALSA dmix or JACK.  Since 2.6.27 kernel, the driver puts
 an artificial delay to the wake up timing.  This delay is controlled
-via `bdl_pos_adj` option. 
+via ``bdl_pos_adj`` option. 
 
-When `bdl_pos_adj` is a negative value (as default), it's assigned to
+When ``bdl_pos_adj`` is a negative value (as default), it's assigned to
 an appropriate value depending on the controller chip.  For Intel
 chips, it'd be 1 while it'd be 32 for others.  Usually this works.
 Only in case it doesn't work and you get warning messages, you should
@@ -84,19 +86,19 @@ change this parameter to other values.
 
 
 Codec-Probing Problem
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+---------------------
 A less often but a more severe problem is the codec probing.  When
 BIOS reports the available codec slots wrongly, the driver gets
 confused and tries to access the non-existing codec slot.  This often
 results in the total screw-up, and destructs the further communication
 with the codec chips.  The symptom appears usually as error messages
 like:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+::
+
     hda_intel: azx_get_response timeout, switching to polling mode:
           last cmd=0x12345678
     hda_intel: azx_get_response timeout, switching to single_cmd mode:
           last cmd=0x12345678
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 The first line is a warning, and this is usually relatively harmless.
 It means that the codec response isn't notified via an IRQ.  The
@@ -108,24 +110,24 @@ it means that something is really wrong.  Most likely you are
 accessing a non-existing codec slot.
 
 Thus, if the second error message appears, try to narrow the probed
-codec slots via `probe_mask` option.  It's a bitmask, and each bit
+codec slots via ``probe_mask`` option.  It's a bitmask, and each bit
 corresponds to the codec slot.  For example, to probe only the first
-slot, pass `probe_mask=1`.  For the first and the third slots, pass
-`probe_mask=5` (where 5 = 1 | 4), and so on.
+slot, pass ``probe_mask=1``.  For the first and the third slots, pass
+``probe_mask=5`` (where 5 = 1 | 4), and so on.
 
 Since 2.6.29 kernel, the driver has a more robust probing method, so
 this error might happen rarely, though.
 
 On a machine with a broken BIOS, sometimes you need to force the
 driver to probe the codec slots the hardware doesn't report for use.
-In such a case, turn the bit 8 (0x100) of `probe_mask` option on.
+In such a case, turn the bit 8 (0x100) of ``probe_mask`` option on.
 Then the rest 8 bits are passed as the codec slots to probe
-unconditionally.  For example, `probe_mask=0x103` will force to probe
+unconditionally.  For example, ``probe_mask=0x103`` will force to probe
 the codec slots 0 and 1 no matter what the hardware reports.
 
 
 Interrupt Handling
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+------------------
 HD-audio driver uses MSI as default (if available) since 2.6.33
 kernel as MSI works better on some machines, and in general, it's
 better for performance.  However, Nvidia controllers showed bad
@@ -134,17 +136,17 @@ thus we disabled MSI for them.
 
 There seem also still other devices that don't work with MSI.  If you
 see a regression wrt the sound quality (stuttering, etc) or a lock-up
-in the recent kernel, try to pass `enable_msi=0` option to disable
+in the recent kernel, try to pass ``enable_msi=0`` option to disable
 MSI.  If it works, you can add the known bad device to the blacklist
 defined in hda_intel.c.  In such a case, please report and give the
 patch back to the upstream developer. 
 
 
-HD-AUDIO CODEC
---------------
+HD-Audio Codec
+==============
 
 Model Option
-~~~~~~~~~~~~
+------------
 The most common problem regarding the HD-audio driver is the
 unsupported codec features or the mismatched device configuration.
 Most of codec-specific code has several preset models, either to
@@ -153,13 +155,15 @@ override the BIOS setup or to provide more comprehensive features.
 The driver checks PCI SSID and looks through the static configuration
 table until any matching entry is found.  If you have a new machine,
 you may see a message like below:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+::
+
     hda_codec: ALC880: BIOS auto-probing.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 Meanwhile, in the earlier versions, you would see a message like:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+::
+
     hda_codec: Unknown model for ALC880, trying auto-probe from BIOS...
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 Even if you see such a message, DON'T PANIC.  Take a deep breath and
 keep your towel.  First of all, it's an informational message, no
 warning, no error.  This means that the PCI SSID of your device isn't
@@ -182,32 +186,33 @@ model is found in the white-list, the driver assumes the static
 configuration of that preset with the correct pin setup, etc.
 Thus, if you have a newer machine with a slightly different PCI SSID
 (or codec SSID) from the existing one, you may have a good chance to
-re-use the same model.  You can pass the `model` option to specify the
+re-use the same model.  You can pass the ``model`` option to specify the
 preset model instead of PCI (and codec-) SSID look-up.
 
-What `model` option values are available depends on the codec chip.
+What ``model`` option values are available depends on the codec chip.
 Check your codec chip from the codec proc file (see "Codec Proc-File"
 section below).  It will show the vendor/product name of your codec
-chip.  Then, see Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio-Models.txt file,
+chip.  Then, see Documentation/sound/HD-Audio-Models.rst file,
 the section of HD-audio driver.  You can find a list of codecs
-and `model` options belonging to each codec.  For example, for Realtek
-ALC262 codec chip, pass `model=ultra` for devices that are compatible
+and ``model`` options belonging to each codec.  For example, for Realtek
+ALC262 codec chip, pass ``model=ultra`` for devices that are compatible
 with Samsung Q1 Ultra.
 
 Thus, the first thing you can do for any brand-new, unsupported and
 non-working HD-audio hardware is to check HD-audio codec and several
-different `model` option values.  If you have any luck, some of them
+different ``model`` option values.  If you have any luck, some of them
 might suit with your device well.
 
 There are a few special model option values:
-- when 'nofixup' is passed, the device-specific fixups in the codec
+
+* when 'nofixup' is passed, the device-specific fixups in the codec
   parser are skipped.
-- when `generic` is passed, the codec-specific parser is skipped and
+* when ``generic`` is passed, the codec-specific parser is skipped and
   only the generic parser is used.
 
 
 Speaker and Headphone Output
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+----------------------------
 One of the most frequent (and obvious) bugs with HD-audio is the
 silent output from either or both of a built-in speaker and a
 headphone jack.  In general, you should try a headphone output at
@@ -236,23 +241,23 @@ report.  See the bug report section for details.
 If you are masochistic enough to debug the driver problem, note the
 following:
 
-- The speaker (and the headphone, too) output often requires the
+* The speaker (and the headphone, too) output often requires the
   external amplifier.  This can be set usually via EAPD verb or a
   certain GPIO.  If the codec pin supports EAPD, you have a better
   chance via SET_EAPD_BTL verb (0x70c).  On others, GPIO pin (mostly
   it's either GPIO0 or GPIO1) may turn on/off EAPD.
-- Some Realtek codecs require special vendor-specific coefficients to
+* Some Realtek codecs require special vendor-specific coefficients to
   turn on the amplifier.  See patch_realtek.c.
-- IDT codecs may have extra power-enable/disable controls on each
+* IDT codecs may have extra power-enable/disable controls on each
   analog pin.  See patch_sigmatel.c.
-- Very rare but some devices don't accept the pin-detection verb until
+* Very rare but some devices don't accept the pin-detection verb until
   triggered.  Issuing GET_PIN_SENSE verb (0xf09) may result in the
   codec-communication stall.  Some examples are found in
   patch_realtek.c.
 
 
 Capture Problems
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+----------------
 The capture problems are often because of missing setups of mixers.
 Thus, before submitting a bug report, make sure that you set up the
 mixer correctly.  For example, both "Capture Volume" and "Capture
@@ -284,7 +289,7 @@ submit the improvement patch to the author.
 
 
 Direct Debugging
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+----------------
 If no model option gives you a better result, and you are a tough guy
 to fight against evil, try debugging via hitting the raw HD-audio
 codec verbs to the device.  Some tools are available: hda-emu and
@@ -293,45 +298,45 @@ below.  You'd need to enable hwdep for using these tools.  See "Kernel
 Configuration" section.
 
 
-OTHER ISSUES
-------------
+Other Issues
+============
 
 Kernel Configuration
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+--------------------
 In general, I recommend you to enable the sound debug option,
-`CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y`, no matter whether you are debugging or not.
+``CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y``, no matter whether you are debugging or not.
 This enables snd_printd() macro and others, and you'll get additional
 kernel messages at probing.
 
-In addition, you can enable `CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE=y`.  But this
+In addition, you can enable ``CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE=y``.  But this
 will give you far more messages.  Thus turn this on only when you are
 sure to want it.
 
-Don't forget to turn on the appropriate `CONFIG_SND_HDA_CODEC_*`
+Don't forget to turn on the appropriate ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_CODEC_*``
 options.  Note that each of them corresponds to the codec chip, not
 the controller chip.  Thus, even if lspci shows the Nvidia controller,
 you may need to choose the option for other vendors.  If you are
 unsure, just select all yes.
 
-`CONFIG_SND_HDA_HWDEP` is a useful option for debugging the driver.
+``CONFIG_SND_HDA_HWDEP`` is a useful option for debugging the driver.
 When this is enabled, the driver creates hardware-dependent devices
 (one per each codec), and you have a raw access to the device via
-these device files.  For example, `hwC0D2` will be created for the
+these device files.  For example, ``hwC0D2`` will be created for the
 codec slot #2 of the first card (#0).  For debug-tools such as
 hda-verb and hda-analyzer, the hwdep device has to be enabled.
 Thus, it'd be better to turn this on always.
 
-`CONFIG_SND_HDA_RECONFIG` is a new option, and this depends on the
+``CONFIG_SND_HDA_RECONFIG`` is a new option, and this depends on the
 hwdep option above.  When enabled, you'll have some sysfs files under
 the corresponding hwdep directory.  See "HD-audio reconfiguration"
 section below.
 
-`CONFIG_SND_HDA_POWER_SAVE` option enables the power-saving feature.
+``CONFIG_SND_HDA_POWER_SAVE`` option enables the power-saving feature.
 See "Power-saving" section below.
 
 
 Codec Proc-File
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+---------------
 The codec proc-file is a treasure-chest for debugging HD-audio.
 It shows most of useful information of each codec widget.
 
@@ -351,143 +356,160 @@ will appear as "Realtek ID 0262", instead of "Realtek ALC262".
 
 
 HD-Audio Reconfiguration
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+------------------------
 This is an experimental feature to allow you re-configure the HD-audio
 codec dynamically without reloading the driver.  The following sysfs
 files are available under each codec-hwdep device directory (e.g. 
 /sys/class/sound/hwC0D0):
 
-vendor_id::
+vendor_id
     Shows the 32bit codec vendor-id hex number.  You can change the
     vendor-id value by writing to this file.
-subsystem_id::
+subsystem_id
     Shows the 32bit codec subsystem-id hex number.  You can change the
     subsystem-id value by writing to this file.
-revision_id::
+revision_id
     Shows the 32bit codec revision-id hex number.  You can change the
     revision-id value by writing to this file.
-afg::
+afg
     Shows the AFG ID.  This is read-only.
-mfg::
+mfg
     Shows the MFG ID.  This is read-only.
-name::
+name
     Shows the codec name string.  Can be changed by writing to this
     file.
-modelname::
-  Shows the currently set `model` option.  Can be changed by writing
+modelname
+    Shows the currently set ``model`` option.  Can be changed by writing
     to this file.
-init_verbs::
+init_verbs
     The extra verbs to execute at initialization.  You can add a verb by
     writing to this file.  Pass three numbers: nid, verb and parameter
     (separated with a space).
-hints::
+hints
     Shows / stores hint strings for codec parsers for any use.
-  Its format is `key = value`.  For example, passing `jack_detect = no`
+    Its format is ``key = value``.  For example, passing ``jack_detect = no``
     will disable the jack detection of the machine completely.
-init_pin_configs::
+init_pin_configs
     Shows the initial pin default config values set by BIOS.
-driver_pin_configs::
+driver_pin_configs
     Shows the pin default values set by the codec parser explicitly.
     This doesn't show all pin values but only the changed values by
     the parser.  That is, if the parser doesn't change the pin default
     config values by itself, this will contain nothing.
-user_pin_configs::
+user_pin_configs
     Shows the pin default config values to override the BIOS setup.
     Writing this (with two numbers, NID and value) appends the new
     value.  The given will be used instead of the initial BIOS value at
     the next reconfiguration time.  Note that this config will override
     even the driver pin configs, too.
-reconfig::
+reconfig
     Triggers the codec re-configuration.  When any value is written to
     this file, the driver re-initialize and parses the codec tree
     again.  All the changes done by the sysfs entries above are taken
     into account.
-clear::
+clear
     Resets the codec, removes the mixer elements and PCM stuff of the
     specified codec, and clear all init verbs and hints.
 
 For example, when you want to change the pin default configuration
 value of the pin widget 0x14 to 0x9993013f, and let the driver
 re-configure based on that state, run like below:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+::
+
     # echo 0x14 0x9993013f > /sys/class/sound/hwC0D0/user_pin_configs
     # echo 1 > /sys/class/sound/hwC0D0/reconfig  
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Hint Strings
-~~~~~~~~~~~~
+------------
 The codec parser have several switches and adjustment knobs for
 matching better with the actual codec or device behavior.  Many of
 them can be adjusted dynamically via "hints" strings as mentioned in
-the section above.  For example, by passing `jack_detect = no` string
+the section above.  For example, by passing ``jack_detect = no`` string
 via sysfs or a patch file, you can disable the jack detection, thus
 the codec parser will skip the features like auto-mute or mic
-auto-switch.  As a boolean value, either `yes`, `no`, `true`, `false`,
-`1` or `0` can be passed.
+auto-switch.  As a boolean value, either ``yes``, ``no``, ``true``, ``false``,
+``1`` or ``0`` can be passed.
 
 The generic parser supports the following hints:
 
-- jack_detect (bool): specify whether the jack detection is available
-  at all on this machine; default true
-- inv_jack_detect (bool): indicates that the jack detection logic is
-  inverted
-- trigger_sense (bool): indicates that the jack detection needs the
-  explicit call of AC_VERB_SET_PIN_SENSE verb
-- inv_eapd (bool): indicates that the EAPD is implemented in the
-  inverted logic
-- pcm_format_first (bool): sets the PCM format before the stream tag
-  and channel ID
-- sticky_stream (bool): keep the PCM format, stream tag and ID as long
-  as possible; default true
-- spdif_status_reset (bool): reset the SPDIF status bits at each time
-  the SPDIF stream is set up
--  pin_amp_workaround (bool): the output pin may have multiple amp
-  values
-- single_adc_amp (bool): ADCs can have only single input amps
-- auto_mute (bool): enable/disable the headphone auto-mute feature;
-  default true
-- auto_mic (bool): enable/disable the mic auto-switch feature; default
-  true
-- line_in_auto_switch (bool): enable/disable the line-in auto-switch
-  feature; default false
-- need_dac_fix (bool): limits the DACs depending on the channel count
-- primary_hp (bool): probe headphone jacks as the primary outputs;
+jack_detect (bool)
+    specify whether the jack detection is available at all on this
+    machine; default true
+inv_jack_detect (bool)
+    indicates that the jack detection logic is inverted
+trigger_sense (bool)
+    indicates that the jack detection needs the explicit call of
+    AC_VERB_SET_PIN_SENSE verb
+inv_eapd (bool)
+    indicates that the EAPD is implemented in the inverted logic
+pcm_format_first (bool)
+    sets the PCM format before the stream tag and channel ID
+sticky_stream (bool)
+    keep the PCM format, stream tag and ID as long as possible;
     default true
-- multi_io (bool): try probing multi-I/O config (e.g. shared
-  line-in/surround, mic/clfe jacks)
-- multi_cap_vol (bool): provide multiple capture volumes
-- inv_dmic_split (bool): provide split internal mic volume/switch for
-  phase-inverted digital mics
-- indep_hp (bool): provide the independent headphone PCM stream and
-  the corresponding mixer control, if available
-- add_stereo_mix_input (bool): add the stereo mix (analog-loopback
-  mix) to the input mux if available
-- add_jack_modes (bool): add "xxx Jack Mode" enum controls to each
-  I/O jack for allowing to change the headphone amp and mic bias VREF
-  capabilities
-- power_save_node (bool): advanced power management for each widget,
-  controlling the power sate (D0/D3) of each widget node depending on
-  the actual pin and stream states
-- power_down_unused (bool): power down the unused widgets, a subset of
-  power_save_node, and will be dropped in future
-- add_hp_mic (bool): add the headphone to capture source if possible
-- hp_mic_detect (bool): enable/disable the hp/mic shared input for a
-  single built-in mic case; default true
-- mixer_nid (int): specifies the widget NID of the analog-loopback
-  mixer
+spdif_status_reset (bool)
+    reset the SPDIF status bits at each time the SPDIF stream is set
+    up
+pin_amp_workaround (bool)
+    the output pin may have multiple amp values
+single_adc_amp (bool)
+    ADCs can have only single input amps
+auto_mute (bool)
+    enable/disable the headphone auto-mute feature; default true
+auto_mic (bool)
+    enable/disable the mic auto-switch feature; default true
+line_in_auto_switch (bool)
+    enable/disable the line-in auto-switch feature; default false
+need_dac_fix (bool)
+    limits the DACs depending on the channel count
+primary_hp (bool)
+    probe headphone jacks as the primary outputs; default true
+multi_io (bool)
+    try probing multi-I/O config (e.g. shared line-in/surround,
+    mic/clfe jacks)
+multi_cap_vol (bool)
+    provide multiple capture volumes
+inv_dmic_split (bool)
+    provide split internal mic volume/switch for phase-inverted
+    digital mics
+indep_hp (bool)
+    provide the independent headphone PCM stream and the corresponding
+    mixer control, if available
+add_stereo_mix_input (bool)
+    add the stereo mix (analog-loopback mix) to the input mux if
+    available 
+add_jack_modes (bool)
+    add "xxx Jack Mode" enum controls to each I/O jack for allowing to
+    change the headphone amp and mic bias VREF capabilities
+power_save_node (bool)
+    advanced power management for each widget, controlling the power
+    sate (D0/D3) of each widget node depending on the actual pin and
+    stream states
+power_down_unused (bool)
+    power down the unused widgets, a subset of power_save_node, and
+    will be dropped in future 
+add_hp_mic (bool)
+    add the headphone to capture source if possible
+hp_mic_detect (bool)
+    enable/disable the hp/mic shared input for a single built-in mic
+    case; default true
+mixer_nid (int)
+    specifies the widget NID of the analog-loopback mixer
 
 
 Early Patching
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-When CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER=y is set, you can pass a "patch" as a
-firmware file for modifying the HD-audio setup before initializing the
-codec.  This can work basically like the reconfiguration via sysfs in
-the above, but it does it before the first codec configuration.
+--------------
+When ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_PATCH_LOADER=y`` is set, you can pass a "patch"
+as a firmware file for modifying the HD-audio setup before
+initializing the codec.  This can work basically like the
+reconfiguration via sysfs in the above, but it does it before the
+first codec configuration.
 
 A patch file is a plain text file which looks like below:
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+::
+
     [codec]
     0x12345678 0xabcd1234 2
 
@@ -503,9 +525,9 @@ A patch file is a plain text file which looks like below:
 
     [hint]
     jack_detect = no
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-The file needs to have a line `[codec]`.  The next line should contain
+
+The file needs to have a line ``[codec]``.  The next line should contain
 three numbers indicating the codec vendor-id (0x12345678 in the
 example), the codec subsystem-id (0xabcd1234) and the address (2) of
 the codec.  The rest patch entries are applied to this specified codec
@@ -514,32 +536,34 @@ the first or the second value will make the check of the corresponding
 field be skipped.  It'll be useful for really broken devices that don't
 initialize SSID properly.
 
-The `[model]` line allows to change the model name of the each codec.
+The ``[model]`` line allows to change the model name of the each codec.
 In the example above, it will be changed to model=auto.
 Note that this overrides the module option.
 
-After the `[pincfg]` line, the contents are parsed as the initial
-default pin-configurations just like `user_pin_configs` sysfs above.
+After the ``[pincfg]`` line, the contents are parsed as the initial
+default pin-configurations just like ``user_pin_configs`` sysfs above.
 The values can be shown in user_pin_configs sysfs file, too.
 
-Similarly, the lines after `[verb]` are parsed as `init_verbs`
-sysfs entries, and the lines after `[hint]` are parsed as `hints`
+Similarly, the lines after ``[verb]`` are parsed as ``init_verbs``
+sysfs entries, and the lines after ``[hint]`` are parsed as ``hints``
 sysfs entries, respectively.
 
 Another example to override the codec vendor id from 0x12345678 to
 0xdeadbeef is like below:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+::
+
     [codec]
     0x12345678 0xabcd1234 2
 
     [vendor_id]
     0xdeadbeef
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 In the similar way, you can override the codec subsystem_id via
-`[subsystem_id]`, the revision id via `[revision_id]` line.
-Also, the codec chip name can be rewritten via `[chip_name]` line.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+``[subsystem_id]``, the revision id via ``[revision_id]`` line.
+Also, the codec chip name can be rewritten via ``[chip_name]`` line.
+::
+
     [codec]
     0x12345678 0xabcd1234 2
 
@@ -551,29 +575,29 @@ Also, the codec chip name can be rewritten via `[chip_name]` line.
 
     [chip_name]
     My-own NEWS-0002
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 The hd-audio driver reads the file via request_firmware().  Thus,
 a patch file has to be located on the appropriate firmware path,
 typically, /lib/firmware.  For example, when you pass the option
-`patch=hda-init.fw`, the file /lib/firmware/hda-init.fw must be
+``patch=hda-init.fw``, the file /lib/firmware/hda-init.fw must be
 present.
 
 The patch module option is specific to each card instance, and you
 need to give one file name for each instance, separated by commas.
 For example, if you have two cards, one for an on-board analog and one 
 for an HDMI video board, you may pass patch option like below:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+::
+
     options snd-hda-intel patch=on-board-patch,hdmi-patch
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Power-Saving
-~~~~~~~~~~~~
+------------
 The power-saving is a kind of auto-suspend of the device.  When the
 device is inactive for a certain time, the device is automatically
 turned off to save the power.  The time to go down is specified via
-`power_save` module option, and this option can be changed dynamically
+``power_save`` module option, and this option can be changed dynamically
 via sysfs.
 
 The power-saving won't work when the analog loopback is enabled on
@@ -592,28 +616,30 @@ The recent kernel supports the runtime PM for the HD-audio controller
 chip, too.  It means that the HD-audio controller is also powered up /
 down dynamically.  The feature is enabled only for certain controller
 chips like Intel LynxPoint.  You can enable/disable this feature
-forcibly by setting `power_save_controller` option, which is also
+forcibly by setting ``power_save_controller`` option, which is also
 available at /sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters directory.
 
 
 Tracepoints
-~~~~~~~~~~~
+-----------
 The hd-audio driver gives a few basic tracepoints.
-`hda:hda_send_cmd` traces each CORB write while `hda:hda_get_response`
+``hda:hda_send_cmd`` traces each CORB write while ``hda:hda_get_response``
 traces the response from RIRB (only when read from the codec driver).
-`hda:hda_bus_reset` traces the bus-reset due to fatal error, etc,
-`hda:hda_unsol_event` traces the unsolicited events, and
-`hda:hda_power_down` and `hda:hda_power_up` trace the power down/up
+``hda:hda_bus_reset`` traces the bus-reset due to fatal error, etc,
+``hda:hda_unsol_event`` traces the unsolicited events, and
+``hda:hda_power_down`` and ``hda:hda_power_up`` trace the power down/up
 via power-saving behavior.
 
 Enabling all tracepoints can be done like
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+::
+
     # echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/hda/enable
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 then after some commands, you can traces from
 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace file.  For example, when you want to
 trace what codec command is sent, enable the tracepoint like:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+::
+
     # cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace
     # tracer: nop
     #
@@ -627,13 +653,14 @@ trace what codec command is sent, enable the tracepoint like:
 	   <...>-26764 [001] 349222.837148: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e39019
 	   <...>-26764 [001] 349223.058539: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e3a01a
 	   <...>-26764 [001] 349223.058541: hda_send_cmd: [0:0] val=e3901a
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Here `[0:0]` indicates the card number and the codec address, and
-`val` shows the value sent to the codec, respectively.  The value is
+
+Here ``[0:0]`` indicates the card number and the codec address, and
+``val`` shows the value sent to the codec, respectively.  The value is
 a packed value, and you can decode it via hda-decode-verb program
 included in hda-emu package below.  For example, the value e3a019 is
 to set the left output-amp value to 25.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+::
+
     % hda-decode-verb 0xe3a019
     raw value = 0x00e3a019
     cid = 0, nid = 0x0e, verb = 0x3a0, parm = 0x19
@@ -641,14 +668,13 @@ to set the left output-amp value to 25.
     verbname = set_amp_gain_mute
     amp raw val = 0xa019
     output, left, idx=0, mute=0, val=25
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 Development Tree
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+----------------
 The latest development codes for HD-audio are found on sound git tree:
 
-- git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound.git
+* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound.git
 
 The master branch or for-next branches can be used as the main
 development branches in general while the development for the current
@@ -657,14 +683,14 @@ respectively.
 
 
 Sending a Bug Report
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+--------------------
 If any model or module options don't work for your device, it's time
 to send a bug report to the developers.  Give the following in your
 bug report:
 
-- Hardware vendor, product and model names
-- Kernel version (and ALSA-driver version if you built externally)
-- `alsa-info.sh` output; run with `--no-upload` option.  See the
+* Hardware vendor, product and model names
+* Kernel version (and ALSA-driver version if you built externally)
+* ``alsa-info.sh`` output; run with ``--no-upload`` option.  See the
   section below about alsa-info
 
 If it's a regression, at best, send alsa-info outputs of both working
@@ -673,60 +699,60 @@ compare the codec registers directly.
 
 Send a bug report either the followings:
 
-kernel-bugzilla::
+kernel-bugzilla
     https://bugzilla.kernel.org/
-alsa-devel ML::
+alsa-devel ML
     alsa-devel@alsa-project.org
 
 
-DEBUG TOOLS
------------
+Debug Tools
+===========
 
 This section describes some tools available for debugging HD-audio
 problems.
 
 alsa-info
-~~~~~~~~~
-The script `alsa-info.sh` is a very useful tool to gather the audio
+---------
+The script ``alsa-info.sh`` is a very useful tool to gather the audio
 device information.  It's included in alsa-utils package.  The latest
 version can be found on git repository:
 
-- git://git.alsa-project.org/alsa-utils.git
+* git://git.alsa-project.org/alsa-utils.git
 
 The script can be fetched directly from the following URL, too:
 
-- http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh
+* http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh
 
 Run this script as root, and it will gather the important information
 such as the module lists, module parameters, proc file contents
 including the codec proc files, mixer outputs and the control
 elements.  As default, it will store the information onto a web server
 on alsa-project.org.  But, if you send a bug report, it'd be better to
-run with `--no-upload` option, and attach the generated file.
+run with ``--no-upload`` option, and attach the generated file.
 
-There are some other useful options.  See `--help` option output for
+There are some other useful options.  See ``--help`` option output for
 details.
 
 When a probe error occurs or when the driver obviously assigns a
 mismatched model, it'd be helpful to load the driver with
-`probe_only=1` option (at best after the cold reboot) and run
+``probe_only=1`` option (at best after the cold reboot) and run
 alsa-info at this state.  With this option, the driver won't configure
 the mixer and PCM but just tries to probe the codec slot.  After
 probing, the proc file is available, so you can get the raw codec
 information before modified by the driver.  Of course, the driver
-isn't usable with `probe_only=1`.  But you can continue the
+isn't usable with ``probe_only=1``.  But you can continue the
 configuration via hwdep sysfs file if hda-reconfig option is enabled.
-Using `probe_only` mask 2 skips the reset of HDA codecs (use
-`probe_only=3` as module option). The hwdep interface can be used
+Using ``probe_only`` mask 2 skips the reset of HDA codecs (use
+``probe_only=3`` as module option). The hwdep interface can be used
 to determine the BIOS codec initialization.
 
 
 hda-verb
-~~~~~~~~
+--------
 hda-verb is a tiny program that allows you to access the HD-audio
 codec directly.  You can execute a raw HD-audio codec verb with this.
 This program accesses the hwdep device, thus you need to enable the
-kernel config `CONFIG_SND_HDA_HWDEP=y` beforehand.
+kernel config ``CONFIG_SND_HDA_HWDEP=y`` beforehand.
 
 The hda-verb program takes four arguments: the hwdep device file, the
 widget NID, the verb and the parameter.  When you access to the codec
@@ -739,7 +765,8 @@ parameter can be either a hex/digit number or a string corresponding
 to a verb.  Similarly, the last parameter is the value to write, or
 can be a string for the parameter type.
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+::
+
     % hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x12 0x701 2
     nid = 0x12, verb = 0x701, param = 0x2
     value = 0x0
@@ -751,7 +778,7 @@ can be a string for the parameter type.
     % hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 2 set_a 0xb080
     nid = 0x2, verb = 0x300, param = 0xb080
     value = 0x0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 Although you can issue any verbs with this program, the driver state
 won't be always updated.  For example, the volume values are usually
@@ -760,22 +787,22 @@ via hda-verb won't change the mixer value.
 
 The hda-verb program is included now in alsa-tools:
 
-- git://git.alsa-project.org/alsa-tools.git
+* git://git.alsa-project.org/alsa-tools.git
 
 Also, the old stand-alone package is found in the ftp directory:
 
-- ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/people/tiwai/misc/
+* ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/people/tiwai/misc/
 
 Also a git repository is available:
 
-- git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/hda-verb.git
+* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/hda-verb.git
 
 See README file in the tarball for more details about hda-verb
 program.
 
 
 hda-analyzer
-~~~~~~~~~~~~
+------------
 hda-analyzer provides a graphical interface to access the raw HD-audio
 control, based on pyGTK2 binding.  It's a more powerful version of
 hda-verb.  The program gives you an easy-to-use GUI stuff for showing
@@ -784,14 +811,14 @@ proc-compatible output.
 
 The hda-analyzer:
 
-- http://git.alsa-project.org/?p=alsa.git;a=tree;f=hda-analyzer
+* http://git.alsa-project.org/?p=alsa.git;a=tree;f=hda-analyzer
 
 is a part of alsa.git repository in alsa-project.org:
 
-- git://git.alsa-project.org/alsa.git
+* git://git.alsa-project.org/alsa.git
 
 Codecgraph
-~~~~~~~~~~
+----------
 Codecgraph is a utility program to generate a graph and visualizes the
 codec-node connection of a codec chip.  It's especially useful when
 you analyze or debug a codec without a proper datasheet.  The program
@@ -800,11 +827,11 @@ program.
 
 The tarball and GIT trees are found in the web page at:
 
-- http://helllabs.org/codecgraph/
+* http://helllabs.org/codecgraph/
 
 
 hda-emu
-~~~~~~~
+-------
 hda-emu is an HD-audio emulator.  The main purpose of this program is
 to debug an HD-audio codec without the real hardware.  Thus, it
 doesn't emulate the behavior with the real audio I/O, but it just
@@ -817,13 +844,14 @@ codec proc collections in the tarball.  Then, run the program with the
 proc file, and the hda-emu program will start parsing the codec file
 and simulates the HD-audio driver:
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+::
+
     % hda-emu codecs/stac9200-dell-d820-laptop
     # Parsing..
     hda_codec: Unknown model for STAC9200, using BIOS defaults
     hda_codec: pin nid 08 bios pin config 40c003fa
     ....
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 
 The program gives you only a very dumb command-line interface.  You
 can get a proc-file dump at the current state, get a list of control
@@ -832,14 +860,14 @@ operation, the jack plugging simulation, etc.
 
 The program is found in the git repository below:
 
-- git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/hda-emu.git
+* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/hda-emu.git
 
 See README file in the repository for more details about hda-emu
 program.
 
 
 hda-jack-retask
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+---------------
 hda-jack-retask is a user-friendly GUI program to manipulate the
 HD-audio pin control for jack retasking.  If you have a problem about
 the jack assignment, try this program and check whether you can get
@@ -849,5 +877,4 @@ firmware patch file (see "Early Patching" section).
 
 The program is included in alsa-tools now:
 
-- git://git.alsa-project.org/alsa-tools.git
-
+* git://git.alsa-project.org/alsa-tools.git

Documentation/sound/index.rst

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Linux Sound Subsystem Documentation
    :maxdepth: 2
 
    kernel-api/index
+   hd-audio/index
 
 .. only::  subproject