mm, slub: convert kmem_cpu_slab protection to local_lock

Embed local_lock into struct kmem_cpu_slab and use the irq-safe versions of
local_lock instead of plain local_irq_save/restore. On !PREEMPT_RT that's
equivalent, with better lockdep visibility. On PREEMPT_RT that means better
preemption.

However, the cost on PREEMPT_RT is the loss of lockless fast paths which only
work with cpu freelist. Those are designed to detect and recover from being
preempted by other conflicting operations (both fast or slow path), but the
slow path operations assume they cannot be preempted by a fast path operation,
which is guaranteed naturally with disabled irqs. With local locks on
PREEMPT_RT, the fast paths now also need to take the local lock to avoid races.

In the allocation fastpath slab_alloc_node() we can just defer to the slowpath
__slab_alloc() which also works with cpu freelist, but under the local lock.
In the free fastpath do_slab_free() we have to add a new local lock protected
version of freeing to the cpu freelist, as the existing slowpath only works
with the page freelist.

Also update the comment about locking scheme in SLUB to reflect changes done
by this series.

[ Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>: use local_lock() without irq in PREEMPT_RT
  scope; debugging of RT crashes resulting in put_cpu_partial() locking changes ]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>

include/linux/slub_def.h

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <linux/kfence.h>
 #include <linux/kobject.h>
 #include <linux/reciprocal_div.h>
+#include <linux/local_lock.h>
 
 enum stat_item {
 	ALLOC_FASTPATH,		/* Allocation from cpu slab */
@@ -40,6 +41,10 @@ enum stat_item {
 	CPU_PARTIAL_DRAIN,	/* Drain cpu partial to node partial */
 	NR_SLUB_STAT_ITEMS };
 
+/*
+ * When changing the layout, make sure freelist and tid are still compatible
+ * with this_cpu_cmpxchg_double() alignment requirements.
+ */
 struct kmem_cache_cpu {
 	void **freelist;	/* Pointer to next available object */
 	unsigned long tid;	/* Globally unique transaction id */
@@ -47,6 +52,7 @@ struct kmem_cache_cpu {
 #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_CPU_PARTIAL
 	struct page *partial;	/* Partially allocated frozen slabs */
 #endif
+	local_lock_t lock;	/* Protects the fields above */
 #ifdef CONFIG_SLUB_STATS
 	unsigned stat[NR_SLUB_STAT_ITEMS];
 #endif