maple_tree: disable mas_wr_append() when other readers are possible

The current implementation of append may cause duplicate data and/or
incorrect ranges to be returned to a reader during an update.  Although
this has not been reported or seen, disable the append write operation
while the tree is in rcu mode out of an abundance of caution.

During the analysis of the mas_next_slot() the following was
artificially created by separating the writer and reader code:

Writer:                                 reader:
mas_wr_append
    set end pivot
    updates end metata
    Detects write to last slot
    last slot write is to start of slot
    store current contents in slot
    overwrite old end pivot
                                        mas_next_slot():
                                                read end metadata
                                                read old end pivot
                                                return with incorrect range
    store new value

Alternatively:

Writer:                                 reader:
mas_wr_append
    set end pivot
    updates end metata
    Detects write to last slot
    last lost write to end of slot
    store value
                                        mas_next_slot():
                                                read end metadata
                                                read old end pivot
                                                read new end pivot
                                                return with incorrect range
    set old end pivot

There may be other accesses that are not safe since we are now updating
both metadata and pointers, so disabling append if there could be rcu
readers is the safest action.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230819004356.1454718-2-Liam.Howlett@oracle.com
Fixes: 54a611b6 ("Maple Tree: add new data structure")
Signed-off-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

lib/maple_tree.c

@@ -4265,6 +4265,10 @@ static inline unsigned char mas_wr_new_end(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
  * mas_wr_append: Attempt to append
  * @wr_mas: the maple write state
  *
+ * This is currently unsafe in rcu mode since the end of the node may be cached
+ * by readers while the node contents may be updated which could result in
+ * inaccurate information.
+ *
  * Return: True if appended, false otherwise
  */
 static inline bool mas_wr_append(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
@@ -4274,6 +4278,9 @@ static inline bool mas_wr_append(struct ma_wr_state *wr_mas)
 	struct ma_state *mas = wr_mas->mas;
 	unsigned char node_pivots = mt_pivots[wr_mas->type];
 
+	if (mt_in_rcu(mas->tree))
+		return false;
+
 	if (mas->offset != wr_mas->node_end)
 		return false;