ring-buffer: Fix a race in rb_time_cmpxchg() for 32 bit archs

Mathieu Desnoyers pointed out an issue in the rb_time_cmpxchg() for 32 bit
architectures. That is:

 static bool rb_time_cmpxchg(rb_time_t *t, u64 expect, u64 set)
 {
	unsigned long cnt, top, bottom, msb;
	unsigned long cnt2, top2, bottom2, msb2;
	u64 val;

	/* The cmpxchg always fails if it interrupted an update */
	 if (!__rb_time_read(t, &val, &cnt2))
		 return false;

	 if (val != expect)
		 return false;

<<<< interrupted here!

	 cnt = local_read(&t->cnt);

The problem is that the synchronization counter in the rb_time_t is read
*after* the value of the timestamp is read. That means if an interrupt
were to come in between the value being read and the counter being read,
it can change the value and the counter and the interrupted process would
be clueless about it!

The counter needs to be read first and then the value. That way it is easy
to tell if the value is stale or not. If the counter hasn't been updated,
then the value is still good.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-trace-kernel/20231211201324.652870-1-mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-trace-kernel/20231212115301.7a9c9a64@gandalf.local.home

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Fixes: 10464b4a ("ring-buffer: Add rb_time_t 64 bit operations for speeding up 32 bit")
Reported-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Reviewed-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>

kernel/trace/ring_buffer.c

@@ -706,6 +706,9 @@ static bool rb_time_cmpxchg(rb_time_t *t, u64 expect, u64 set)
 	unsigned long cnt2, top2, bottom2, msb2;
 	u64 val;
 
+	/* Any interruptions in this function should cause a failure */
+	cnt = local_read(&t->cnt);
+
 	/* The cmpxchg always fails if it interrupted an update */
 	 if (!__rb_time_read(t, &val, &cnt2))
 		 return false;
@@ -713,7 +716,6 @@ static bool rb_time_cmpxchg(rb_time_t *t, u64 expect, u64 set)
 	 if (val != expect)
 		 return false;
 
-	 cnt = local_read(&t->cnt);
 	 if ((cnt & 3) != cnt2)
 		 return false;