Nested Hyper-V/Windows guest running on top of KVM will use TSC page
clocksource in two cases:
- L0 exposes invariant TSC (CPUID.80000007H:EDX[8]).
- L0 provides Hyper-V Reenlightenment support (CPUID.40000003H:EAX[13]).

Exposing invariant TSC effectively blocks migration to hosts with different
TSC frequencies, providing reenlightenment support will be needed when we
start migrating nested workloads.

Implement rudimentary support for reenlightenment MSRs. For now, these are
just read/write MSRs with no effect.
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Roman Kagan <rkagan@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

... to avoid having a stale value when handling an EPT misconfig for MMIO
regions.

MMIO regions that are not passed-through to the guest are handled through
EPT misconfigs. The first time a certain MMIO page is touched it causes an
EPT violation, then KVM marks the EPT entry to cause an EPT misconfig
instead. Any subsequent accesses to the entry will generate an EPT
misconfig.

Things gets slightly complicated with nested guest handling for MMIO
regions that are not passed through from L0 (i.e. emulated by L0
user-space).

An EPT violation for one of these MMIO regions from L2, exits to L0
hypervisor. L0 would then look at the EPT12 mapping for L1 hypervisor and
realize it is not present (or not sufficient to serve the request). Then L0
injects an EPT violation to L1. L1 would then update its EPT mappings. The
EXIT_QUALIFICATION value for L1 would come from exit_qualification variable
in "struct vcpu". The problem is that this variable is only updated on EPT
violation and not on EPT misconfig. So if an EPT violation because of a
read happened first, then an EPT misconfig because of a write happened
afterwards. The L0 hypervisor will still contain exit_qualification value
from the previous read instead of the write and end up injecting an EPT
violation to the L1 hypervisor with an out of date EXIT_QUALIFICATION.

The EPT violation that is injected from L0 to L1 needs to have the correct
EXIT_QUALIFICATION specially for the access bits because the individual
access bits for MMIO EPTs are updated only on actual access of this
specific type. So for the example above, the L1 hypervisor will keep
updating only the read bit in the EPT then resume the L2 guest. The L2
guest would end up causing another exit where the L0 *again* will inject
another EPT violation to L1 hypervisor with *again* an out of date
exit_qualification which indicates a read and not a write. Then this
ping-pong just keeps happening without making any forward progress.

The behavior of mapping MMIO regions changed in:

   commit a340b3e2 ("kvm: Map PFN-type memory regions as writable (if possible)")

... where an EPT violation for a read would also fixup the write bits to
avoid another EPT violation which by acciddent would fix the bug mentioned
above.

This commit fixes this situation and ensures that the access bits for the
exit_qualifcation is up to date. That ensures that even L1 hypervisor
running with a KVM version before the commit mentioned above would still
work.

( The description above assumes EPT to be available and used by L1
  hypervisor + the L1 hypervisor is passing through the MMIO region to the L2
  guest while this MMIO region is emulated by the L0 user-space ).

Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: KarimAllah Ahmed <karahmed@amazon.de>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

The type 'enum kvm_reg_ex' is an extension of 'enum kvm_reg', however
the extension is only semantical and the compiler doesn't know about the
relationship between the two types. In kvm_pdptr_read() a value of the
extended type is passed to kvm_x86_ops->cache_reg(), which expects a
value of the base type. Clang raises the following warning about the
type mismatch:

arch/x86/kvm/kvm_cache_regs.h:44:32: warning: implicit conversion from
  enumeration type 'enum kvm_reg_ex' to different enumeration type
  'enum kvm_reg' [-Wenum-conversion]
    kvm_x86_ops->cache_reg(vcpu, VCPU_EXREG_PDPTR);

Cast VCPU_EXREG_PDPTR to 'enum kvm_reg' to make the compiler happy.
Signed-off-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Guenter Roeck <groeck@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

Devices which use level-triggered interrupts under Windows 2016 with
Hyper-V role enabled don't work: Windows disables EOI broadcast in SPIV
unconditionally. Our in-kernel IOAPIC implementation emulates an old IOAPIC
version which has no EOI register so EOI never happens.

The issue was discovered and discussed a while ago:
https://www.spinics.net/lists/kvm/msg148098.html

While this is a guest OS bug (it should check that IOAPIC has the required
capabilities before disabling EOI broadcast) we can workaround it in KVM:
advertising DIRECTED_EOI with in-kernel IOAPIC makes little sense anyway.
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Kuznetsov <vkuznets@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

Add support for AMD Core Performance counters in the guest. The base
event select and counter MSRs are changed. In addition, with the core
extension, there are 2 extra counters available for performance
measurements for a total of 6.

With the new MSRs, the logic to map them to the gp_counters[] is changed.
New functions are added to check the validity of the get/set MSRs.

If the guest has the X86_FEATURE_PERFCTR_CORE cpuid flag set, the number
of counters available to the vcpu is set to 6. It the flag is not set
then it is 4.
Signed-off-by: Janakarajan Natarajan <Janakarajan.Natarajan@amd.com>
[Squashed "Expose AMD Core Perf Extension flag to guests" - Radim.]
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

Add the EventSelect and Counter MSRs for AMD Core Perf Extension.
Signed-off-by: Janakarajan Natarajan <Janakarajan.Natarajan@amd.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

According to Intel SDM 26.2.1.1, the following rules should be enforced
on vmentry:

 *  If the "NMI exiting" VM-execution control is 0, "Virtual NMIs"
    VM-execution control must be 0.
 *  If the “virtual NMIs” VM-execution control is 0, the “NMI-window
    exiting” VM-execution control must be 0.

This patch enforces these rules when entering an L2 guest.
Signed-off-by: Krish Sadhukhan <krish.sadhukhan@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Liran Alon <liran.alon@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Jim Mattson <jmattson@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

Use the new MSR feature framework to tell userspace which VMX capabilities
are available for nested hypervisors.  Before, these were only accessible
with the KVM_GET_MSR VCPU ioctl, after VCPUs had been created.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

Move the MSRs to a separate struct, so that we can introduce a global
instance and return it from the /dev/kvm KVM_GET_MSRS ioctl.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

vCPUs are very unlikely to get preempted when they are the only task
running on a CPU.  PV TLB flush is slower that the native flush in that
case, so disable it.

Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Cc: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <wanpengli@tencent.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

Waiman Long mentioned that:
> Generally speaking, unfair lock performs well for VMs with a small
> number of vCPUs. Native qspinlock may perform better than pvqspinlock
> if there is vCPU pinning and there is no vCPU over-commitment.

This patch uses the KVM_HINTS_DEDICATED performance hint, which is
provided by the hypervisor admin, to choose the qspinlock algorithm
when a dedicated physical CPU is available.

PV_DEDICATED = 1, PV_UNHALT = anything: default is qspinlock
PV_DEDICATED = 0, PV_UNHALT = 1: default is Hybrid PV queued/unfair lock
PV_DEDICATED = 0, PV_UNHALT = 0: default is tas

Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Cc: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <wanpengli@tencent.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

This patch introduces kvm_para_has_hint() to query for hints about
the configuration of the guests.  The first hint KVM_HINTS_DEDICATED,
is set if the guest has dedicated physical CPUs for each vCPU (i.e.
pinning and no over-commitment).  This allows optimizing spinlocks
and tells the guest to avoid PV TLB flush.

Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Cc: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <wanpengli@tencent.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

The loading time of a VM is quite significant with a CPU usage
reaching 100% when loading a VM that its virtio devices use a
large amount of virt-queues (e.g. a virtio-serial device with
max_ports=511). Most of the time is spend in re-sorting the
kvm_io_bus kvm_io_range array when a new eventfd is registered.

The patch replaces the existing method with an insert sort.
Reviewed-by: Marcel Apfelbaum <marcel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Uri Lublin <ulublin@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Gal Hammer <ghammer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

This commit implements an enhanced x86 version of S390
KVM_CAP_SYNC_REGS functionality. KVM_CAP_SYNC_REGS "allow[s]
userspace to access certain guest registers without having
to call SET/GET_*REGS”. This reduces ioctl overhead which
is particularly important when userspace is making synchronous
guest state modifications (e.g. when emulating and/or intercepting
instructions).

Originally implemented upstream for the S390, the x86 differences
follow:
- userspace can select the register sets to be synchronized with kvm_run
using bit-flags in the kvm_valid_registers and kvm_dirty_registers
fields.
- vcpu_events is available in addition to the regs and sregs register
sets.
Signed-off-by: Ken Hofsass <hofsass@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
[Removed wrapper around check for reserved kvm_valid_regs. - Radim]
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

Replace hardcoded padding size value for struct kvm_sync_regs
with #define SYNC_REGS_SIZE_BYTES.

Also update the value specified in api.txt from outdated hardcoded
value to SYNC_REGS_SIZE_BYTES.
Signed-off-by: Ken Hofsass <hofsass@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

In Hyper-V, the fast guest->host notification mechanism is the
SIGNAL_EVENT hypercall, with a single parameter of the connection ID to
signal.

Currently this hypercall incurs a user exit and requires the userspace
to decode the parameters and trigger the notification of the potentially
different I/O context.

To avoid the costly user exit, process this hypercall and signal the
corresponding eventfd in KVM, similar to ioeventfd.  The association
between the connection id and the eventfd is established via the newly
introduced KVM_HYPERV_EVENTFD ioctl, and maintained in an
(srcu-protected) IDR.
Signed-off-by: Roman Kagan <rkagan@virtuozzo.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
[asm/hyperv.h changes approved by KY Srinivasan. - Radim]
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

Move kvm.arch.hyperv initialization and cleanup to separate functions.

For now only a mutex is inited in the former, and the latter is empty;
more stuff will go in there in a followup patch.
Signed-off-by: Roman Kagan <rkagan@virtuozzo.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>

Pull x86 fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "A small set of fixes for x86:

   - Add missing instruction suffixes to assembly code so it can be
     compiled by newer GAS versions without warnings.

   - Switch refcount WARN exceptions to UD2 as we did in general

   - Make the reboot on Intel Edison platforms work

   - A small documentation update so text and sample command match"

* 'x86/urgent' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  Documentation, x86, resctrl: Make text and sample command match
  x86/platform/intel-mid: Handle Intel Edison reboot correctly
  x86/asm: Add instruction suffixes to bitops
  x86/entry/64: Add instruction suffix
  x86/refcounts: Switch to UD2 for exceptions

Pull x86/pti fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Three fixes related to melted spectrum:

   - Sync the cpu_entry_area page table to initial_page_table on 32 bit.

     Otherwise suspend/resume fails because resume uses
     initial_page_table and triggers a triple fault when accessing the
     cpu entry area.

   - Zero the SPEC_CTL MRS on XEN before suspend to address a
     shortcoming in the hypervisor.

   - Fix another switch table detection issue in objtool"

* 'x86-pti-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/cpu_entry_area: Sync cpu_entry_area to initial_page_table
  objtool: Fix another switch table detection issue
  x86/xen: Zero MSR_IA32_SPEC_CTRL before suspend

Pull timer fixes from Thomas Gleixner:
 "A small set of fixes from the timer departement:

   - Add a missing timer wheel clock forward when migrating timers off a
     unplugged CPU to prevent operating on a stale clock base and
     missing timer deadlines.

   - Use the proper shift count to extract data from a register value to
     prevent evaluating unrelated bits

   - Make the error return check in the FSL timer driver work correctly.
     Checking an unsigned variable for less than zero does not really
     work well.

   - Clarify the confusing comments in the ARC timer code"

* 'timers-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  timers: Forward timer base before migrating timers
  clocksource/drivers/arc_timer: Update some comments
  clocksource/drivers/mips-gic-timer: Use correct shift count to extract data
  clocksource/drivers/fsl_ftm_timer: Fix error return checking

Pull irq fixlet from Thomas Gleixner:
 "Just a documentation update for the missing device tree property of
  the R-Car M3N interrupt controller"

* 'irq-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  dt-bindings/irqchip/renesas-irqc: Document R-Car M3-N support

Pull btrfs fixes from David Sterba:

 - when NR_CPUS is large, a SRCU structure can significantly inflate
   size of the main filesystem structure that would not be possible to
   allocate by kmalloc, so the kvalloc fallback is used

 - improved error handling

 - fix endiannes when printing some filesystem attributes via sysfs,
   this is could happen when a filesystem is moved between different
   endianity hosts

 - send fixes: the NO_HOLE mode should not send a write operation for a
   file hole

 - fix log replay for for special files followed by file hardlinks

 - fix log replay failure after unlink and link combination

 - fix max chunk size calculation for DUP allocation

* tag 'for-4.16-rc3-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/kdave/linux:
  Btrfs: fix log replay failure after unlink and link combination
  Btrfs: fix log replay failure after linking special file and fsync
  Btrfs: send, fix issuing write op when processing hole in no data mode
  btrfs: use proper endianness accessors for super_copy
  btrfs: alloc_chunk: fix DUP stripe size handling
  btrfs: Handle btrfs_set_extent_delalloc failure in relocate_file_extent_cluster
  btrfs: handle failure of add_pending_csums
  btrfs: use kvzalloc to allocate btrfs_fs_info

Pull i2c fixes from Wolfram Sang:
 "A driver fix and a documentation fix (which makes dependency handling
  for the next cycle easier)"

* 'i2c/for-current-fixed' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wsa/linux:
  i2c: octeon: Prevent error message on bus error
  dt-bindings: at24: sort manufacturers alphabetically

Pull libnvdimm fixes from Dan Williams:
 "A 4.16 regression fix, three fixes for -stable, and a cleanup fix:

   - During the merge window support for the new ACPI NVDIMM Platform
     Capabilities structure disabled support for "deep flush", a
     force-unit- access like mechanism for persistent memory. Restore
     that mechanism.

   - VFIO like RDMA is yet one more memory registration / pinning
     interface that is incompatible with Filesystem-DAX. Disable long
     term pins of Filesystem-DAX mappings via VFIO.

   - The Filesystem-DAX detection to prevent long terms pins mistakenly
     also disabled Device-DAX pins which are not subject to the same
     block- map collision concerns.

   - Similar to the setup path, softlockup warnings can trigger in the
     shutdown path for large persistent memory namespaces. Teach
     for_each_device_pfn() to perform cond_resched() in all cases.

   - Boaz noticed that the might_sleep() in dax_direct_access() is stale
     as of the v4.15 kernel.

  These have received a build success notification from the 0day robot,
  and the longterm pin fixes have appeared in -next. However, I recently
  rebased the tree to remove some other fixes that need to be reworked
  after review feedback.

* 'libnvdimm-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm:
  memremap: fix softlockup reports at teardown
  libnvdimm: re-enable deep flush for pmem devices via fsync()
  vfio: disable filesystem-dax page pinning
  dax: fix vma_is_fsdax() helper
  dax: ->direct_access does not sleep anymore

Merge tag 'kbuild-fixes-v4.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild

Pull Kbuild fixes from Masahiro Yamada:

 - suppress sparse warnings about unknown attributes

 - fix typos and stale comments

 - fix build error of arch/sh

 - fix wrong use of ld-option vs cc-ldoption

 - remove redundant GCC_PLUGINS_CFLAGS assignment

 - fix another memory leak of Kconfig

 - fix line number in error messages of Kconfig

 - do not write confusing CONFIG_DEFCONFIG_LIST out to .config

 - add xstrdup() to Kconfig to handle memory shortage errors

 - show also a Debian package name if ncurses is missing

* tag 'kbuild-fixes-v4.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/masahiroy/linux-kbuild:
  MAINTAINERS: take over Kconfig maintainership
  kconfig: fix line number in recursive inclusion error message
  Coccinelle: memdup: Fix typo in warning messages
  kconfig: Update ncurses package names for menuconfig
  kbuild/kallsyms: trivial typo fix
  kbuild: test --build-id linker flag by ld-option instead of cc-ldoption
  kbuild: drop superfluous GCC_PLUGINS_CFLAGS assignment
  kconfig: Don't leak choice names during parsing
  sh: fix build error for empty CONFIG_BUILTIN_DTB_SOURCE
  kconfig: set SYMBOL_AUTO to the symbol marked with defconfig_list
  kconfig: add xstrdup() helper
  kbuild: disable sparse warnings about unknown attributes
  Makefile: Fix lying comment re. silentoldconfig

Pull media fixes from Mauro Carvalho Chehab:

  - some build fixes with randconfigs

  - an m88ds3103 fix to prevent an OOPS if the chip doesn't provide the
    right version during probe (with can happen if the hardware hangs)

  - a potential out of array bounds reference in tvp5150

  - some fixes and improvements in the DVB memory mapped API (added for
    kernel 4.16)

* tag 'media/v4.16-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mchehab/linux-media:
  media: vb2: Makefile: place vb2-trace together with vb2-core
  media: Don't let tvp5150_get_vbi() go out of vbi_ram_default array
  media: dvb: update buffer mmaped flags and frame counter
  media: dvb: add continuity error indicators for memory mapped buffers
  media: dmxdev: Fix the logic that enables DMA mmap support
  media: dmxdev: fix error code for invalid ioctls
  media: m88ds3103: don't call a non-initalized function
  media: au0828: add VIDEO_V4L2 dependency
  media: dvb: fix DVB_MMAP dependency
  media: dvb: fix DVB_MMAP symbol name
  media: videobuf2: fix build issues with vb2-trace
  media: videobuf2: Add VIDEOBUF2_V4L2 Kconfig option for VB2 V4L2 part

Pull watchdog fixes from Wim Van Sebroeck:

 - rave-sp: add NVMEM dependency

 - build fixes for i6300esb_wdt, xen_wdt and sp5100_tco

* tag 'linux-watchdog-4.16-fixes-1' of git://www.linux-watchdog.org/linux-watchdog:
  watchdog: sp5100_tco.c: fix potential build failure
  watchdog: xen_wdt: fix potential build failure
  watchdog: i6300esb: fix build failure
  watchdog: rave-sp: add NVMEM dependency

Pull KVM fixes from Radim Krčmář:
 "x86:

   - fix NULL dereference when using userspace lapic

   - optimize spectre v1 mitigations by allowing guests to use LFENCE

   - make microcode revision configurable to prevent guests from
     unnecessarily blacklisting spectre v2 mitigation feature"

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm:
  KVM: x86: fix vcpu initialization with userspace lapic
  KVM: X86: Allow userspace to define the microcode version
  KVM: X86: Introduce kvm_get_msr_feature()
  KVM: SVM: Add MSR-based feature support for serializing LFENCE
  KVM: x86: Add a framework for supporting MSR-based features

The cond_resched() currently in the setup path needs to be duplicated in
the teardown path. Rather than require each instance of
for_each_device_pfn() to open code the same sequence, embed it in the
helper.

Link: https://github.com/intel/ixpdimm_sw/issues/11
Cc: "Jérôme Glisse" <jglisse@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Fixes: 71389703 ("mm, zone_device: Replace {get, put}_zone_device_page()...")
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

Re-enable deep flush so that users always have a way to be sure that a
write makes it all the way out to media. Writes from the PMEM driver
always arrive at the NVDIMM since movnt is used to bypass the cache, and
the driver relies on the ADR (Asynchronous DRAM Refresh) mechanism to
flush write buffers on power failure. The Deep Flush mechanism is there
to explicitly write buffers to protect against (rare) ADR failure.  This
change prevents a regression in deep flush behavior so that applications
can continue to depend on fsync() as a mechanism to trigger deep flush
in the filesystem-DAX case.

Fixes: 06e8ccda ("acpi: nfit: Add support for detect platform CPU cache...")
Reviewed-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

I have recently picked up Kconfig patches to my tree without any
declaration.  Making it official now.
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@socionext.com>
Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Filesystem-DAX is incompatible with 'longterm' page pinning. Without
page cache indirection a DAX mapping maps filesystem blocks directly.
This means that the filesystem must not modify a file's block map while
any page in a mapping is pinned. In order to prevent the situation of
userspace holding of filesystem operations indefinitely, disallow
'longterm' Filesystem-DAX mappings.

RDMA has the same conflict and the plan there is to add a 'with lease'
mechanism to allow the kernel to notify userspace that the mapping is
being torn down for block-map maintenance. Perhaps something similar can
be put in place for vfio.

Note that xfs and ext4 still report:

   "DAX enabled. Warning: EXPERIMENTAL, use at your own risk"

...at mount time, and resolving the dax-dma-vs-truncate problem is one
of the last hurdles to remove that designation.
Acked-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Reported-by: Haozhong Zhang <haozhong.zhang@intel.com>
Tested-by: Haozhong Zhang <haozhong.zhang@intel.com>
Fixes: d475c634 ("dax,ext2: replace XIP read and write with DAX I/O")
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>

Pull PCI fixes from Bjorn Helgaas:

 - Update pci.ids location (documentation only) (Randy Dunlap)

 - Fix a crash when BIOS didn't assign a BAR and we try to enlarge it
   (Christian König)

* tag 'pci-v4.16-fixes-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/helgaas/pci:
  PCI: Allow release of resources that were never assigned
  PCI: Update location of pci.ids file

Pull parisc fixes from Helge Deller:

 - a patch to change the ordering of cache and TLB flushes to hopefully
   fix the random segfaults we very rarely face (by Dave Anglin).

 - a patch to hide the virtual kernel memory layout due to security
   reasons.

 - two small patches to make the kernel run more smoothly under qemu.

* 'parisc-4.16-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/deller/parisc-linux:
  parisc: Reduce irq overhead when run in qemu
  parisc: Use cr16 interval timers unconditionally on qemu
  parisc: Check if secondary CPUs want own PDC calls
  parisc: Hide virtual kernel memory layout
  parisc: Fix ordering of cache and TLB flushes

Pull xen fixes from Juergen Gross:
 "Five minor fixes for Xen-specific drivers"

* tag 'for-linus-4.16a-rc4-tag' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/xen/tip:
  pvcalls-front: 64-bit align flags
  x86/xen: add tty0 and hvc0 as preferred consoles for dom0
  xen-netfront: Fix hang on device removal
  xen/pirq: fix error path cleanup when binding MSIs
  xen/pvcalls: fix null pointer dereference on map->sock

Pull ceph fixes from Ilya Dryomov:
 "A cap handling fix from Zhi that ensures that metadata writeback isn't
  delayed and three error path memory leak fixups from Chengguang"

* tag 'ceph-for-4.16-rc4' of git://github.com/ceph/ceph-client:
  ceph: fix potential memory leak in init_caches()
  ceph: fix dentry leak when failing to init debugfs
  libceph, ceph: avoid memory leak when specifying same option several times
  ceph: flush dirty caps of unlinked inode ASAP

Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe:
 "A collection of fixes for this series. This is a little larger than
  usual at this time, but that's mainly because I was out on vacation
  last week. Nothing in here is major in any way, it's just two weeks of
  fixes. This contains:

   - NVMe pull from Keith, with a set of fixes from the usual suspects.

   - mq-deadline zone unlock fix from Damien, fixing an issue with the
     SMR zone locking added for 4.16.

   - two bcache fixes sent in by Michael, with changes from Coly and
     Tang.

   - comment typo fix from Eric for blktrace.

   - return-value error handling fix for nbd, from Gustavo.

   - fix a direct-io case where we don't defer to a completion handler,
     making us sleep from IRQ device completion. From Jan.

   - a small series from Jan fixing up holes around handling of bdev
     references.

   - small set of regression fixes from Jiufei, mostly fixing problems
     around the gendisk pointer -> partition index change.

   - regression fix from Ming, fixing a boundary issue with the discard
     page cache invalidation.

   - two-patch series from Ming, fixing both a core blk-mq-sched and
     kyber issue around token freeing on a requeue condition"

* tag 'for-linus-20180302' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (24 commits)
  block: fix a typo
  block: display the correct diskname for bio
  block: fix the count of PGPGOUT for WRITE_SAME
  mq-deadline: Make sure to always unlock zones
  nvmet: fix PSDT field check in command format
  nvme-multipath: fix sysfs dangerously created links
  nbd: fix return value in error handling path
  bcache: fix kcrashes with fio in RAID5 backend dev
  bcache: correct flash only vols (check all uuids)
  blktrace_api.h: fix comment for struct blk_user_trace_setup
  blockdev: Avoid two active bdev inodes for one device
  genhd: Fix BUG in blkdev_open()
  genhd: Fix use after free in __blkdev_get()
  genhd: Add helper put_disk_and_module()
  genhd: Rename get_disk() to get_disk_and_module()
  genhd: Fix leaked module reference for NVME devices
  direct-io: Fix sleep in atomic due to sync AIO
  nvme-pci: Fix nvme queue cleanup if IRQ setup fails
  block: kyber: fix domain token leak during requeue
  blk-mq: don't call io sched's .requeue_request when requeueing rq to ->dispatch
  ...

Pull MMC fixes from Ulf Hansson:
 "MMC core:
   - mmc: core: Avoid hang when claiming host

  MMC host:
   - dw_mmc: Avoid hang when accessing registers
   - dw_mmc: Fix out-of-bounds access for slot's caps
   - dw_mmc-k3: Fix out-of-bounds access through DT alias
   - sdhci-pci: Fix S0i3 for Intel BYT-based controllers"

* tag 'mmc-v4.16-rc3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ulfh/mmc:
  mmc: core: Avoid hanging to claim host for mmc via some nested calls
  mmc: dw_mmc: Avoid accessing registers in runtime suspended state
  mmc: dw_mmc: Fix out-of-bounds access for slot's caps
  mmc: dw_mmc: Factor out dw_mci_init_slot_caps
  mmc: dw_mmc-k3: Fix out-of-bounds access through DT alias
  mmc: sdhci-pci: Fix S0i3 for Intel BYT-based controllers

Pull power management fixes from Rafael Wysocki:
 "These fix three issues in cpufreq drivers: one recent regression, one
  leftover Kconfig dependency and one old but "stable" material.

  Specifics:

   - Make the task scheduler load and utilization signals be
     frequency-invariant again after recent changes in the SCPI cpufreq
     driver (Dietmar Eggemann).

   - Drop an unnecessary leftover Kconfig dependency from the SCPI
     cpufreq driver (Sudeep Holla).

   - Fix the initialization of the s3c24xx cpufreq driver (Viresh
     Kumar)"

* tag 'pm-4.16-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm:
  cpufreq: s3c24xx: Fix broken s3c_cpufreq_init()
  cpufreq: scpi: Fix incorrect arm_big_little config dependency
  cpufreq: scpi: invoke frequency-invariance setter function