When a disfunctional timer, e.g. dummy timer, is installed, the tick core
tries to setup the broadcast timer.

If no broadcast device is installed, the kernel crashes with a NULL pointer
dereference in tick_broadcast_setup_oneshot() because the function has no
sanity check.
Reported-by: Mason <slash.tmp@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Anna-Maria Gleixner <anna-maria@linutronix.de>
Cc: Richard Cochran <rcochran@linutronix.de>
Cc: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Cc: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>,
Cc: Sebastian Frias <sf84@laposte.net>
Cc: Thibaud Cornic <thibaud_cornic@sigmadesigns.com>
Cc: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1147ef90-7877-e4d2-bb2b-5c4fa8d3144b@free.fr

Pull irq updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "The irq department provides:

   - a major update to the auto affinity management code, which is used
     by multi-queue devices

   - move of the microblaze irq chip driver into the common driver code
     so it can be shared between microblaze, powerpc and MIPS

   - a series of updates to the ARM GICV3 interrupt controller

   - the usual pile of fixes and small improvements all over the place"

* 'irq-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (25 commits)
  powerpc/virtex: Use generic xilinx irqchip driver
  irqchip/xilinx: Try to fall back if xlnx,kind-of-intr not provided
  irqchip/xilinx: Add support for parent intc
  irqchip/xilinx: Rename get_irq to xintc_get_irq
  irqchip/xilinx: Restructure and use jump label api
  irqchip/xilinx: Clean up print messages
  microblaze/irqchip: Move intc driver to irqchip
  ARM: virt: Select ARM_GIC_V3_ITS
  ARM: gic-v3-its: Add 32bit support to GICv3 ITS
  irqchip/gic-v3-its: Specialise readq and writeq accesses
  irqchip/gic-v3-its: Specialise flush_dcache operation
  irqchip/gic-v3-its: Narrow down Entry Size when used as a divider
  irqchip/gic-v3-its: Change unsigned types for AArch32 compatibility
  irqchip/gic-v3: Use nops macro for Cavium ThunderX erratum 23154
  irqchip/gic-v3: Convert arm64 GIC accessors to {read,write}_sysreg_s
  genirq/msi: Drop artificial PCI dependency
  irqchip/bcm7038-l1: Implement irq_cpu_offline() callback
  genirq/affinity: Use default affinity mask for reserved vectors
  genirq/affinity: Take reserved vectors into account when spreading irqs
  PCI: Remove the irq_affinity mask from struct pci_dev
  ...

Pull timer updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "The time/timekeeping/timer folks deliver with this update:

   - Fix a reintroduced signed/unsigned issue and cleanup the whole
     signed/unsigned mess in the timekeeping core so this wont happen
     accidentaly again.

   - Add a new trace clock based on boot time

   - Prevent injection of random sleep times when PM tracing abuses the
     RTC for storage

   - Make posix timers configurable for real tiny systems

   - Add tracepoints for the alarm timer subsystem so timer based
     suspend wakeups can be instrumented

   - The usual pile of fixes and updates to core and drivers"

* 'timers-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (23 commits)
  timekeeping: Use mul_u64_u32_shr() instead of open coding it
  timekeeping: Get rid of pointless typecasts
  timekeeping: Make the conversion call chain consistently unsigned
  timekeeping_Force_unsigned_clocksource_to_nanoseconds_conversion
  alarmtimer: Add tracepoints for alarm timers
  trace: Update documentation for mono, mono_raw and boot clock
  trace: Add an option for boot clock as trace clock
  timekeeping: Add a fast and NMI safe boot clock
  timekeeping/clocksource_cyc2ns: Document intended range limitation
  timekeeping: Ignore the bogus sleep time if pm_trace is enabled
  selftests/timers: Fix spelling mistake "Asyncrhonous" -> "Asynchronous"
  clocksource/drivers/bcm2835_timer: Unmap region obtained by of_iomap
  clocksource/drivers/arm_arch_timer: Map frame with of_io_request_and_map()
  arm64: dts: rockchip: Arch counter doesn't tick in system suspend
  clocksource/drivers/arm_arch_timer: Don't assume clock runs in suspend
  posix-timers: Make them configurable
  posix_cpu_timers: Move the add_device_randomness() call to a proper place
  timer: Move sys_alarm from timer.c to itimer.c
  ptp_clock: Allow for it to be optional
  Kconfig: Regenerate *.c_shipped files after previous changes
  ...

Pull smp hotplug updates from Thomas Gleixner:
 "This is the final round of converting the notifier mess to the state
  machine. The removal of the notifiers and the related infrastructure
  will happen around rc1, as there are conversions outstanding in other
  trees.

  The whole exercise removed about 2000 lines of code in total and in
  course of the conversion several dozen bugs got fixed. The new
  mechanism allows to test almost every hotplug step standalone, so
  usage sites can exercise all transitions extensively.

  There is more room for improvement, like integrating all the
  pointlessly different architecture mechanisms of synchronizing,
  setting cpus online etc into the core code"

* 'smp-hotplug-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (60 commits)
  tracing/rb: Init the CPU mask on allocation
  soc/fsl/qbman: Convert to hotplug state machine
  soc/fsl/qbman: Convert to hotplug state machine
  zram: Convert to hotplug state machine
  KVM/PPC/Book3S HV: Convert to hotplug state machine
  arm64/cpuinfo: Convert to hotplug state machine
  arm64/cpuinfo: Make hotplug notifier symmetric
  mm/compaction: Convert to hotplug state machine
  iommu/vt-d: Convert to hotplug state machine
  mm/zswap: Convert pool to hotplug state machine
  mm/zswap: Convert dst-mem to hotplug state machine
  mm/zsmalloc: Convert to hotplug state machine
  mm/vmstat: Convert to hotplug state machine
  mm/vmstat: Avoid on each online CPU loops
  mm/vmstat: Drop get_online_cpus() from init_cpu_node_state/vmstat_cpu_dead()
  tracing/rb: Convert to hotplug state machine
  oprofile/nmi timer: Convert to hotplug state machine
  net/iucv: Use explicit clean up labels in iucv_init()
  x86/pci/amd-bus: Convert to hotplug state machine
  x86/oprofile/nmi: Convert to hotplug state machine
  ...

Pull x86 platform updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Two changes:

   - implement various VMWare guest OS improvements/fixes (Alexey
     Makhalov)

   - unexport a spurious export from the intel-mid platform driver
     (Lukas Wunner)"

* 'x86-platform-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/vmware: Add paravirt sched clock
  x86/vmware: Add basic paravirt ops support
  x86/vmware: Use tsc_khz value for calibrate_cpu()
  x86/platform/intel-mid: Unexport intel_mid_pci_set_power_state()
  x86/vmware: Read tsc_khz only once at boot time

Pull x86 microcode update from Ingo Molnar:
 "The biggest change (by Borislav Petkov) is a thorough rewrite of the
  Intel microcode loader and its interactions with the core code.

  The biggest conceptual change is the decoupling of the microcode
  loading on boot and application processors (which load the microcode
  in different scenarios), so that both parse the input patches with as
  few assumptions as possible - this also fixes various kernel address
  space randomization bugs. (The AP side then goes on and caches the
  result to improve boot performance.)

  Since the AMD side already did this, this change also opened up the
  path towards more unification/simplification of the core microcode
  loading infrastructure:

     10 files changed, 647 insertions(+), 940 deletions(-)

  which speaks for itself"

* 'x86-microcode-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/microcode: Bump driver version, update copyrights
  x86/microcode: Rework microcode loading
  x86/microcode/intel: Remove intel_lib.c
  x86/microcode/amd: Move private inlines to .c and mark local functions static
  x86/microcode: Collect CPU info on resume
  x86/microcode: Issue the debug printk on resume only on success
  x86/microcode/amd: Hand down the CPU family
  x86/microcode: Export the microcode cache linked list
  x86/microcode: Remove one #ifdef clause
  x86/microcode/intel: Simplify generic_load_microcode()
  x86/microcode: Move driver authors to CREDITS
  x86/microcode: Run the AP-loading routine only on the application processors

Pull x86 idle updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "There were two bigger changes in this development cycle:

   - remove idle notifiers:

       32 files changed, 74 insertions(+), 803 deletions(-)

     These notifiers were of questionable value and the main usecase,
     the i7300 driver, was essentially unmaintained and can be removed,
     plus modern power management concepts don't need the callback - so
     use this golden opportunity and get rid of this opaque and fragile
     callback from a latency sensitive code path.

     (Len Brown, Thomas Gleixner)

   - improve the AMD Erratum 400 workaround that used high overhead MSR
     polling in the idle loop (Borisla Petkov, Thomas Gleixner)"

* 'x86-idle-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86: Remove empty idle.h header
  x86/amd: Simplify AMD E400 aware idle routine
  x86/amd: Check for the C1E bug post ACPI subsystem init
  x86/bugs: Separate AMD E400 erratum and C1E bug
  x86/cpufeature: Provide helper to set bugs bits
  x86/idle: Remove enter_idle(), exit_idle()
  x86: Remove x86_test_and_clear_bit_percpu()
  x86/idle: Remove is_idle flag
  x86/idle: Remove idle_notifier
  i7300_idle: Remove this driver

Pull x86 header fixlet from Ingo Molnar:
 "Remove unnecessary module.h inclusion from core code (Paul Gortmaker)"

* 'x86-headers-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/percpu: Remove unnecessary include of module.h, add asm/desc.h

Pull x86 FPU updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main changes in this cycle were:

   - do a large round of simplifications after all CPUs do 'eager' FPU
     context switching in v4.9: remove CR0 twiddling, remove leftover
     eager/lazy bts, etc (Andy Lutomirski)

   - more FPU code simplifications: remove struct fpu::counter, clarify
     nomenclature, remove unnecessary arguments/functions and better
     structure the code (Rik van Riel)"

* 'x86-fpu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/fpu: Remove clts()
  x86/fpu: Remove stts()
  x86/fpu: Handle #NM without FPU emulation as an error
  x86/fpu, lguest: Remove CR0.TS support
  x86/fpu, kvm: Remove host CR0.TS manipulation
  x86/fpu: Remove irq_ts_save() and irq_ts_restore()
  x86/fpu: Stop saving and restoring CR0.TS in fpu__init_check_bugs()
  x86/fpu: Get rid of two redundant clts() calls
  x86/fpu: Finish excising 'eagerfpu'
  x86/fpu: Split old_fpu & new_fpu handling into separate functions
  x86/fpu: Remove 'cpu' argument from __cpu_invalidate_fpregs_state()
  x86/fpu: Split old & new FPU code paths
  x86/fpu: Remove __fpregs_(de)activate()
  x86/fpu: Rename lazy restore functions to "register state valid"
  x86/fpu, kvm: Remove KVM vcpu->fpu_counter
  x86/fpu: Remove struct fpu::counter
  x86/fpu: Remove use_eager_fpu()
  x86/fpu: Remove the XFEATURE_MASK_EAGER/LAZY distinction
  x86/fpu: Hard-disable lazy FPU mode
  x86/crypto, x86/fpu: Remove X86_FEATURE_EAGER_FPU #ifdef from the crc32c code

Pull x86 CPU updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The changes in this development cycle were:

   - AMD CPU topology enhancements that are cleanups on current CPUs but
     which enable future Fam17 hardware. (Yazen Ghannam)

   - unify bugs.c and bugs_64.c (Borislav Petkov)

   - remove the show_msr= boot option (Borislav Petkov)

   - simplify a boot message (Borislav Petkov)"

* 'x86-cpu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/cpu/AMD: Clean up cpu_llc_id assignment per topology feature
  x86/cpu: Get rid of the show_msr= boot option
  x86/cpu: Merge bugs.c and bugs_64.c
  x86/cpu: Remove the printk format specifier in "CPU0: "

Pull x86 cleanups from Ingo Molnar:
 "Two cleanups in the LDT handling code, by Dan Carpenter and Thomas
  Gleixner"

* 'x86-cleanups-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/ldt: Make all size computations unsigned
  x86/ldt: Make a size argument unsigned

Pull x86 build updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main changes in this cycle were:

   - Makefile improvements (Paul Bolle)

   - KConfig cleanups to better separate 32-bit only, 64-bit only and
     generic feature enablement sections (Ingo Molnar)"

* 'x86-build-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/build: Remove three unneeded genhdr-y entries
  x86/build: Don't use $(LINUXINCLUDE) twice
  x86/kconfig: Sort the 'config X86' selects alphabetically
  x86/kconfig: Clean up 32-bit compat options
  x86/kconfig: Clean up IA32_EMULATION select
  x86/kconfig, x86/pkeys: Move pkeys selects to X86_INTEL_MEMORY_PROTECTION_KEYS
  x86/kconfig: Move 64-bit only arch Kconfig selects to 'config X86_64'
  x86/kconfig: Move 32-bit only arch Kconfig selects to 'config X86_32'

Pull x86 boot updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Misc cleanups/simplifications by Borislav Petkov, Paul Bolle and Wei
  Yang"

* 'x86-boot-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/boot/64: Optimize fixmap page fixup
  x86/boot: Simplify the GDTR calculation assembly code a bit
  x86/boot/build: Remove always empty $(USERINCLUDE)

Pull x86 asm updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main changes in this development cycle were:

   - a large number of call stack dumping/printing improvements: higher
     robustness, better cross-context dumping, improved output, etc.
     (Josh Poimboeuf)

   - vDSO getcpu() performance improvement for future Intel CPUs with
     the RDPID instruction (Andy Lutomirski)

   - add two new Intel AVX512 features and the CPUID support
     infrastructure for it: AVX512IFMA and AVX512VBMI. (Gayatri Kammela,
     He Chen)

   - more copy-user unification (Borislav Petkov)

   - entry code assembly macro simplifications (Alexander Kuleshov)

   - vDSO C/R support improvements (Dmitry Safonov)

   - misc fixes and cleanups (Borislav Petkov, Paul Bolle)"

* 'x86-asm-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (40 commits)
  scripts/decode_stacktrace.sh: Fix address line detection on x86
  x86/boot/64: Use defines for page size
  x86/dumpstack: Make stack name tags more comprehensible
  selftests/x86: Add test_vdso to test getcpu()
  x86/vdso: Use RDPID in preference to LSL when available
  x86/dumpstack: Handle NULL stack pointer in show_trace_log_lvl()
  x86/cpufeatures: Enable new AVX512 cpu features
  x86/cpuid: Provide get_scattered_cpuid_leaf()
  x86/cpuid: Cleanup cpuid_regs definitions
  x86/copy_user: Unify the code by removing the 64-bit asm _copy_*_user() variants
  x86/unwind: Ensure stack grows down
  x86/vdso: Set vDSO pointer only after success
  x86/prctl/uapi: Remove #ifdef for CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
  x86/unwind: Detect bad stack return address
  x86/dumpstack: Warn on stack recursion
  x86/unwind: Warn on bad frame pointer
  x86/decoder: Use stderr if insn sanity test fails
  x86/decoder: Use stdout if insn decoder test is successful
  mm/page_alloc: Remove kernel address exposure in free_reserved_area()
  x86/dumpstack: Remove raw stack dump
  ...

Pull x86 apic updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Misc changes:

   - optimize (reduce) IRQ handler tracing overhead (Wanpeng Li)

   - clean up MSR helpers (Borislav Petkov)

   - fix build warning on some configs (Sebastian Andrzej Siewior)"

* 'x86-apic-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/msr: Cleanup/streamline MSR helpers
  x86/apic: Prevent tracing on apic_msr_write_eoi()
  x86/msr: Add wrmsr_notrace()
  x86/apic: Get rid of "warning: 'acpi_ioapic_lock' defined but not used"

Pull x86 RAS updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main changes in this development cycle were:

   - more AMD northbridge support work, mostly in preparation for Fam17h
     CPUs (Yazen Ghannam, Borislav Petkov)

   - cleanups/refactorings and fixes (Borislav Petkov, Tony Luck,
     Yinghai Lu)"

* 'ras-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/mce: Include the PPIN in MCE records when available
  x86/mce/AMD: Add system physical address translation for AMD Fam17h
  x86/amd_nb: Add SMN and Indirect Data Fabric access for AMD Fam17h
  x86/amd_nb: Add Fam17h Data Fabric as "Northbridge"
  x86/amd_nb: Make all exports EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL
  x86/amd_nb: Make amd_northbridges internal to amd_nb.c
  x86/mce/AMD: Reset Threshold Limit after logging error
  x86/mce/AMD: Fix HWID_MCATYPE calculation by grouping arguments
  x86/MCE: Correct TSC timestamping of error records
  x86/RAS: Hide SMCA bank names
  x86/RAS: Rename smca_bank_names to smca_names
  x86/RAS: Simplify SMCA HWID descriptor struct
  x86/RAS: Simplify SMCA bank descriptor struct
  x86/MCE: Dump MCE to dmesg if no consumers
  x86/RAS: Add TSC timestamp to the injected MCE
  x86/MCE: Do not look at panic_on_oops in the severity grading

Pull hotplug API fix from Ingo Molnar:
 "Late breaking fix from the v4.9 cycle: fix a hotplug register/
  unregister notifier API asymmetry bug that can cause kernel warnings
  (and worse) with certain Kconfig combinations"

* 'smp-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  hotplug: Make register and unregister notifier API symmetric

Pull scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main scheduler changes in this cycle were:

   - support Intel Turbo Boost Max Technology 3.0 (TBM3) by introducig a
     notion of 'better cores', which the scheduler will prefer to
     schedule single threaded workloads on. (Tim Chen, Srinivas
     Pandruvada)

   - enhance the handling of asymmetric capacity CPUs further (Morten
     Rasmussen)

   - improve/fix load handling when moving tasks between task groups
     (Vincent Guittot)

   - simplify and clean up the cputime code (Stanislaw Gruszka)

   - improve mass fork()ed task spread a.k.a. hackbench speedup (Vincent
     Guittot)

   - make struct kthread kmalloc()ed and related fixes (Oleg Nesterov)

   - add uaccess atomicity debugging (when using access_ok() in the
     wrong context), under CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP=y (Peter Zijlstra)

   - implement various fixes, cleanups and other enhancements (Daniel
     Bristot de Oliveira, Martin Schwidefsky, Rafael J. Wysocki)"

* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (41 commits)
  sched/core: Use load_avg for selecting idlest group
  sched/core: Fix find_idlest_group() for fork
  kthread: Don't abuse kthread_create_on_cpu() in __kthread_create_worker()
  kthread: Don't use to_live_kthread() in kthread_[un]park()
  kthread: Don't use to_live_kthread() in kthread_stop()
  Revert "kthread: Pin the stack via try_get_task_stack()/put_task_stack() in to_live_kthread() function"
  kthread: Make struct kthread kmalloc'ed
  x86/uaccess, sched/preempt: Verify access_ok() context
  sched/x86: Make CONFIG_SCHED_MC_PRIO=y easier to enable
  sched/x86: Change CONFIG_SCHED_ITMT to CONFIG_SCHED_MC_PRIO
  x86/sched: Use #include <linux/mutex.h> instead of #include <asm/mutex.h>
  cpufreq/intel_pstate: Use CPPC to get max performance
  acpi/bus: Set _OSC for diverse core support
  acpi/bus: Enable HWP CPPC objects
  x86/sched: Add SD_ASYM_PACKING flags to x86 ITMT CPU
  x86/sysctl: Add sysctl for ITMT scheduling feature
  x86: Enable Intel Turbo Boost Max Technology 3.0
  x86/topology: Define x86's arch_update_cpu_topology
  sched: Extend scheduler's asym packing
  sched/fair: Clean up the tunable parameter definitions
  ...

Pull perf updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "This update is pretty big and almost exclusively includes tooling
  changes, because v4.9's LTS status forced to completion most of the
  pending kernel side hardware enablement work and because we tried to
  freeze core perf work a bit to give a time window for the fuzzing
  efforts.

  The diff is large mostly due to the JSON hardware event tables added
  for Intel and Power8 CPUs. This was a popular feature request from
  people working close to hardware and from the HPC community.

  Tree size is big because this added the CPU event tables for over a
  decade of Intel CPUs. Future changes for a CPU vendor alrady support
  should be much smaller, as events for new models are added. The new
  events are listed in 'perf list', for the CPU model the tool is
  running on. If you find an interesting event it can be used as-is:

      $ perf stat -a -e l2_lines_out.pf_clean sleep 1

      Performance counter stats for 'system wide':

            7,860,403      l2_lines_out.pf_clean

           1.000624918 seconds time elapsed

  The event lists can be searched the usual 'perf list' fashion for
  (case insensitive) substrings as well:

      $ perf list l2_lines_out

      List of pre-defined events (to be used in -e):

      cache:
        l2_lines_out.demand_clean
             [Clean L2 cache lines evicted by demand]
        l2_lines_out.demand_dirty
             [Dirty L2 cache lines evicted by demand]
        l2_lines_out.dirty_all
             [Dirty L2 cache lines filling the L2]
        l2_lines_out.pf_clean
             [Clean L2 cache lines evicted by L2 prefetch]
        l2_lines_out.pf_dirty
             [Dirty L2 cache lines evicted by L2 prefetch]

  etc.

  There's a few high level categories as well that can be listed:
  'cache', 'floating point', 'frontend', 'memory', 'pipeline', 'virtual
  memory'.

  Existing generic events and workflows should work as-is.

  The only kernel side change is a late breaking fix for an older
  regression, related to Intel BTS, LBR and PT feature interaction.

  On the tooling side there are three new tools / major features:

   - The new 'perf c2c' tool provides means for Shared Data C2C/HITM
     analysis.

     This allows you to track down cacheline contention. The tool is
     based on x86's load latency and precise store facility events
     provided by Intel CPUs.

     It was tested by Joe Mario and has proven to be useful, finding
     some cacheline contentions. Joe also wrote a blog about c2c tool
     with examples:

        https://joemario.github.io/blog/2016/09/01/c2c-blog/

     excerpt of the content on this site:

         At a high level, “perf c2c” will show you:

          * The cachelines where false sharing was detected.
          * The readers and writers to those cachelines, and the offsets where those accesses occurred.
          * The pid, tid, instruction addr, function name, binary object name for those readers and writers.
          * The source file and line number for each reader and writer.
          * The average load latency for the loads to those cachelines.
          * Which numa nodes the samples a cacheline came from and which CPUs were involved.

         Using perf c2c is similar to using the Linux perf tool today.
         First collect data with “perf c2c record”, then generate a
         report output with “perf c2c report”

     There one finds extensive details on using the tool, with tips on
     reducing the volume of samples while still capturing enough to do
     its job. (Dick Fowles, Joe Mario, Don Zickus, Jiri Olsa)

   - The new 'perf sched timehist' tool provides tailored analysis of
     scheduling events.

     Example usage:

          perf sched record -- sleep 1
          perf sched timehist

     By default it shows the individual schedule events, including the
     wait time (time between sched-out and next sched-in events for the
     task), the task scheduling delay (time between wakeup and actually
     running) and run time for the task:

            time    cpu  task name         wait time  sch delay  run time
                         [tid/pid]            (msec)     (msec)    (msec)
        -------- ------  ----------------  ---------  ---------  --------
        1.874569 [0011]  gcc[31949]            0.014      0.000     1.148
        1.874591 [0010]  gcc[31951]            0.000      0.000     0.024
        1.874603 [0010]  migration/10[59]      3.350      0.004     0.011
        1.874604 [0011]  <idle>                1.148      0.000     0.035
        1.874723 [0005]  <idle>                0.016      0.000     1.383
        1.874746 [0005]  gcc[31949]            0.153      0.078     0.022
      ...

     Times are in msec.usec. (David Ahern, Namhyung Kim)

   - Add CPU vendor hardware event tables:

     Add JSON files with vendor event naming for Intel and Power8
     processors, allowing users of tools like oprofile to keep using the
     event names they are used to, as well as people reading vendor
     documentation, where such naming is used. (Andi Kleen, Sukadev
     Bhattiprolu)

     You should see all the new events with 'perf list' and you should
     be able to search them, for example 'perf list miss' will list all
     the myriads of miss events.

  Other tooling features added were:

   - Cross-arch annotation support:

     o Improve ARM support in the annotation code, affecting 'perf
       annotate', 'perf report' and live annotation in 'perf top' (Kim
       Phillips)

     o Initial support for PowerPC in the annotation code (Ravi
       Bangoria)

     o Support AArch64 in the 'annotate' code, native/local and
       cross-arch/remote (Kim Phillips)

   - Allow considering just events in a given time interval, via the
     '--time start.s.ms,end.s.ms' command line, added to 'perf kmem',
     'perf report', 'perf sched timehist' and 'perf script' (David
     Ahern)

   - Add option to stop printing a callchain at one of a given group of
     symbol names (David Ahern)

   - Track memory freed in 'perf kmem stat' (David Ahern)

   - Allow querying and setting .perfconfig variables (Taeung Song)

   - Show branch information in callchains (predicted, TSX aborts, loop
     iteractions, etc) (Jin Yao)

   - Dynamicly change verbosity level by pressing 'V' in the 'perf
     top/report' hists TUI browser (Alexis Berlemont)

   - Implement 'perf trace --delay' in the same fashion as in 'perf
     record --delay', to skip sampling workload initialization events
     (Alexis Berlemont)

   - Make vendor named events case insensitive in 'perf list', i.e.
     'perf list LONGEST_LAT' works just the same as 'perf list
     longest_lat' (Andi Kleen)

   - Add unwinding support for jitdump (Stefano Sanfilippo)

  Tooling infrastructure changes:

   - Support linking perf with clang and LLVM libraries, initially
     statically, but this limitation will be lifted and shared
     libraries, when available, will be preferred to the static build,
     that should, as with other features, be enabled explicitly (Wang
     Nan)

   - Add initial support (and perf test entry) for tooling hooks,
     starting with 'record_start' and 'record_end', that will have as
     its initial user the eBPF infrastructure, where perf_ prefixed
     functions will be JITed and run when such hooks are called (Wang
     Nan)

   - Implement assorted libbpf improvements (Wang Nan)"

  ... and lots of other changes, features, cleanups and refactorings I
  did not list, see the shortlog and the git log for details"

* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (220 commits)
  perf/x86: Fix exclusion of BTS and LBR for Goldmont
  perf tools: Explicitly document that --children is enabled by default
  perf sched timehist: Cleanup idle_max_cpu handling
  perf sched timehist: Handle zero sample->tid properly
  perf callchain: Introduce callchain_cursor__copy()
  perf sched: Cleanup option processing
  perf sched timehist: Improve error message when analyzing wrong file
  perf tools: Move perf build related variables under non fixdep leg
  perf tools: Force fixdep compilation at the start of the build
  perf tools: Move PERF-VERSION-FILE target into rules area
  perf build: Check LLVM version in feature check
  perf annotate: Show raw form for jump instruction with indirect target
  perf tools: Add non config targets
  perf tools: Cleanup build directory before each test
  perf tools: Move python/perf.so target into rules area
  perf tools: Move install-gtk target into rules area
  tools build: Move tabs to spaces where suitable
  tools build: Make the .cmd file more readable
  perf clang: Compile BPF script using builtin clang support
  perf clang: Support compile IR to BPF object and add testcase
  ...

Pull mm/PAT cleanup from Ingo Molnar:
 "A single cleanup for a generic interface that was originally
  introduced for PAT"

* 'mm-pat-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/pat, mm: Make track_pfn_insert() return void

Pull locking updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The tree got pretty big in this development cycle, but the net effect
  is pretty good:

    115 files changed, 673 insertions(+), 1522 deletions(-)

  The main changes were:

   - Rework and generalize the mutex code to remove per arch mutex
     primitives. (Peter Zijlstra)

   - Add vCPU preemption support: add an interface to query the
     preemption status of vCPUs and use it in locking primitives - this
     optimizes paravirt performance. (Pan Xinhui, Juergen Gross,
     Christian Borntraeger)

   - Introduce cpu_relax_yield() and remov cpu_relax_lowlatency() to
     clean up and improve the s390 lock yielding machinery and its core
     kernel impact. (Christian Borntraeger)

   - Micro-optimize mutexes some more. (Waiman Long)

   - Reluctantly add the to-be-deprecated mutex_trylock_recursive()
     interface on a temporary basis, to give the DRM code more time to
     get rid of its locking hacks. Any other users will be NAK-ed on
     sight. (We turned off the deprecation warning for the time being to
     not pollute the build log.) (Peter Zijlstra)

   - Improve the rtmutex code a bit, in light of recent long lived
     bugs/races. (Thomas Gleixner)

   - Misc fixes, cleanups"

* 'locking-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (36 commits)
  x86/paravirt: Fix bool return type for PVOP_CALL()
  x86/paravirt: Fix native_patch()
  locking/ww_mutex: Use relaxed atomics
  locking/rtmutex: Explain locking rules for rt_mutex_proxy_unlock()/init_proxy_locked()
  locking/rtmutex: Get rid of RT_MUTEX_OWNER_MASKALL
  x86/paravirt: Optimize native pv_lock_ops.vcpu_is_preempted()
  locking/mutex: Break out of expensive busy-loop on {mutex,rwsem}_spin_on_owner() when owner vCPU is preempted
  locking/osq: Break out of spin-wait busy waiting loop for a preempted vCPU in osq_lock()
  Documentation/virtual/kvm: Support the vCPU preemption check
  x86/xen: Support the vCPU preemption check
  x86/kvm: Support the vCPU preemption check
  x86/kvm: Support the vCPU preemption check
  kvm: Introduce kvm_write_guest_offset_cached()
  locking/core, x86/paravirt: Implement vcpu_is_preempted(cpu) for KVM and Xen guests
  locking/spinlocks, s390: Implement vcpu_is_preempted(cpu)
  locking/core, powerpc: Implement vcpu_is_preempted(cpu)
  sched/core: Introduce the vcpu_is_preempted(cpu) interface
  sched/wake_q: Rename WAKE_Q to DEFINE_WAKE_Q
  locking/core: Provide common cpu_relax_yield() definition
  locking/mutex: Don't mark mutex_trylock_recursive() as deprecated, temporarily
  ...

Pull EFI updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main changes in this development cycle were:

   - Implement EFI dev path parser and other changes to fully support
     thunderbolt devices on Apple Macbooks (Lukas Wunner)

   - Add RNG seeding via the EFI stub, on ARM/arm64 (Ard Biesheuvel)

   - Expose EFI framebuffer configuration to user-space, to improve
     tooling (Peter Jones)

   - Misc fixes and cleanups (Ivan Hu, Wei Yongjun, Yisheng Xie, Dan
     Carpenter, Roy Franz)"

* 'efi-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  efi/libstub: Make efi_random_alloc() allocate below 4 GB on 32-bit
  thunderbolt: Compile on x86 only
  thunderbolt, efi: Fix Kconfig dependencies harder
  thunderbolt, efi: Fix Kconfig dependencies
  thunderbolt: Use Device ROM retrieved from EFI
  x86/efi: Retrieve and assign Apple device properties
  efi: Allow bitness-agnostic protocol calls
  efi: Add device path parser
  efi/arm*/libstub: Invoke EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL to seed the UEFI RNG table
  efi/libstub: Add random.c to ARM build
  efi: Add support for seeding the RNG from a UEFI config table
  MAINTAINERS: Add ARM and arm64 EFI specific files to EFI subsystem
  efi/libstub: Fix allocation size calculations
  efi/efivar_ssdt_load: Don't return success on allocation failure
  efifb: Show framebuffer layout as device attributes
  efi/efi_test: Use memdup_user() as a cleanup
  efi/efi_test: Fix uninitialized variable 'rv'
  efi/efi_test: Fix uninitialized variable 'datasize'
  efi/arm*: Fix efi_init() error handling
  efi: Remove unused include of <linux/version.h>

Pull SMP bootup updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "Three changes to unify/standardize some of the bootup message printing
  in kernel/smp.c between architectures"

* 'core-smp-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  kernel/smp: Tell the user we're bringing up secondary CPUs
  kernel/smp: Make the SMP boot message common on all arches
  kernel/smp: Define pr_fmt() for smp.c

Pull RCU updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "The main RCU changes in this development cycle were:

   - Miscellaneous fixes, including a change to call_rcu()'s rcu_head
     alignment check.

   - Security-motivated list consistency checks, which are disabled by
     default behind DEBUG_LIST.

   - Torture-test updates.

   - Documentation updates, yet again just simple changes"

* 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  torture: Prevent jitter from delaying build-only runs
  torture: Remove obsolete files from rcutorture .gitignore
  rcu: Don't kick unless grace period or request
  rcu: Make expedited grace periods recheck dyntick idle state
  torture: Trace long read-side delays
  rcu: RCU_TRACE enables event tracing as well as debugfs
  rcu: Remove obsolete comment from __call_rcu()
  rcu: Remove obsolete rcu_check_callbacks() header comment
  rcu: Tighten up __call_rcu() rcu_head alignment check
  Documentation/RCU: Fix minor typo
  documentation: Present updated RCU guarantee
  bug: Avoid Kconfig warning for BUG_ON_DATA_CORRUPTION
  lib/Kconfig.debug: Fix typo in select statement
  lkdtm: Add tests for struct list corruption
  bug: Provide toggle for BUG on data corruption
  list: Split list_del() debug checking into separate function
  rculist: Consolidate DEBUG_LIST for list_add_rcu()
  list: Split list_add() debug checking into separate function

Pull CRIS updates from Jesper Nilsson:
 "Three patches for minor issues"

* tag 'cris-for-4.10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jesper/cris:
  cris: No need to append -O2 and $(LINUXINCLUDE)
  tty: serial: make crisv10 explicitly non-modular
  cris: Only build flash rescue image if CONFIG_ETRAX_AXISFLASHMAP is selected

Pull Openrisc updates from Stafford Horne:

 - changes to MAINTAINER for openrisc

 - probably biggest actual change is the move to memblock from bootmem

 - ... plus several bug and build fixes

* tag 'openrisc-for-linus' of git://github.com/openrisc/linux:
  openrisc: prevent VGA console, fix builds
  openrisc: include l.swa in check for write data pagefault
  openrisc: Updates after openrisc.net has been lost
  openrisc: Consolidate setup to use memblock instead of bootmem
  openrisc: remove the redundant of_platform_populate
  openrisc: add NR_CPUS Kconfig default value
  openrisc: Support both old (or32) and new (or1k) toolchain
  openrisc: Add thread-local storage (TLS) support
  openrisc: restore all regs on rt_sigreturn
  openrisc: fix PTRS_PER_PGD define

Pull m68k updates from Geert Uytterhoeven:
 "Use seq_puts() for fixed strings"

* tag 'm68k-for-v4.10-tag1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/geert/linux-m68k:
  m68k/atari: Use seq_puts() in atari_get_hardware_list()
  m68k/amiga: Use seq_puts() in amiga_get_hardware_list()

Pull AVR32 updates from Hans-Christian Noren Egtvedt.

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/egtvedt/linux-avr32:
  avr32: wire up pkey syscalls
  AVR32-pio: Replace two seq_printf() calls by seq_puts() in pio_bank_show()
  AVR32-pio: Use seq_putc() in pio_bank_show()
  AVR32-clock: Combine nine seq_printf() calls into one call in clk_show()
  AVR32-clock: Use seq_putc() in two functions

Pull m68knommu updates from Greg Ungerer:
 "There are two sets of changes in this pull.

  The largest is the addition of the ColdFire platform side i2c support
  (the IO addressing, setup and clock definitions). The i2c hardware
  module itself is driven by the kernels existing iMX i2c driver.

  The other change is the addition of support for the Amcore board"

* 'for-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gerg/m68knommu:
  m68knommu: AMCORE board, add iMX i2c support
  m68k: add Sysam AMCORE open board support
  m68knommu: platform support for i2c devices on ColdFire SoC

Pull sparc updates from David Miller:
 "Just a bunch of small cleanups and fixes here, and support for user
  probes from Allen Pais"

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc:
  sparc: fix a building error reported by kbuild
  sparc64: fix typo in pgd_clear()
  sparc64: restore irq in error paths in iommu
  sparc: leon: Fix a retry loop in leon_init_timers()
  sparc64: make string buffers large enough
  sparc64: move dereference after check for NULL
  sparc: kernel: use builtin_platform_driver
  sparc64:Support User Probes for sparc

Pull networking updates from David Miller:

 1) Platform regulatory domain support for ath10k, from Bartosz
    Markowski.

 2) Centralize min/max MTU checking, thus removing tons of duplicated
    code all of the the various drivers. From Jarod Wilson.

 3) Support ingress actions in act_mirred, from Shmulik Ladkani.

 4) Improve device adjacency tracking, from David Ahern.

 5) Add support for LED triggers on PHY link state changes, from Zach
    Brown.

 6) Improve UDP socket memory accounting, from Paolo Abeni.

 7) Set SK_MEM_QUANTUM to a fixed size of 4096, instead of PAGE_SIZE.
    From Eric Dumazet.

 8) Collapse TCP SKBs at retransmit time even if the right side SKB has
    frags. Also from Eric Dumazet.

 9) Add IP_RECVFRAGSIZE and IPV6_RECVFRAGSIZE cmsgs, from Willem de
    Bruijn.

10) Support routing by UID, from Lorenzo Colitti.

11) Handle L3 domain binding (ie. VRF) for RAW sockets, from David
    Ahern.

12) tcp_get_info() can run lockless, from Eric Dumazet.

13) 4-tuple UDP hashing in SFC driver, from Edward Cree.

14) Avoid reorders in GRO code, from Eric Dumazet.

15) IPV6 Segment Routing support, from David Lebrun.

16) Support MPLS push and pop for L3 packets in openvswitch, from Jiri
    Benc.

17) Add LRU datastructure support for BPF, Martin KaFai Lau.

18) VF support in liquidio driver, from Raghu Vatsavayi.

19) Multiqueue support in alx driver, from Tobias Regnery.

20) Networking cgroup BPF support, from Daniel Mack.

21) TCP chronograph measurements, from Francis Yan.

22) XDP support for qed driver, from Yuval Mintz.

23) BPF based lwtunnels, from Thomas Graf.

24) Consistent FIB dumping to offloading drivers, from Ido Schimmel.

25) Many optimizations for UDP under high load, from Eric Dumazet.

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next: (1522 commits)
  netfilter: nft_counter: rework atomic dump and reset
  e1000: use disable_hardirq() for e1000_netpoll()
  i40e: don't truncate match_method assignment
  net: ethernet: ti: netcp: add support of cpts
  net: phy: phy drivers should not set SUPPORTED_[Asym_]Pause
  net: l2tp: ppp: change PPPOL2TP_MSG_* => L2TP_MSG_*
  net: l2tp: deprecate PPPOL2TP_MSG_* in favour of L2TP_MSG_*
  net: l2tp: export debug flags to UAPI
  net: ethernet: stmmac: remove private tx queue lock
  net: ethernet: sxgbe: remove private tx queue lock
  net: bridge: shorten ageing time on topology change
  net: bridge: add helper to set topology change
  net: bridge: add helper to offload ageing time
  net: nicvf: use new api ethtool_{get|set}_link_ksettings
  net: ethernet: ti: cpsw: sync rates for channels in dual emac mode
  net: ethernet: ti: cpsw: re-split res only when speed is changed
  net: ethernet: ti: cpsw: combine budget and weight split and check
  net: ethernet: ti: cpsw: don't start queue twice
  net: ethernet: ti: cpsw: use same macros to get active slave
  net: mvneta: select GENERIC_ALLOCATOR
  ...

OpenRISC does not support VGA console, so prevent that kconfig symbol
from being enabled for OpenRISC, thus fixing these build errors:

   drivers/built-in.o: In function `vgacon_save_screen':
   vgacon.c:(.text+0x20e0): undefined reference to `screen_info'
   vgacon.c:(.text+0x20e8): undefined reference to `screen_info'
   drivers/built-in.o: In function `vgacon_init':
   vgacon.c:(.text+0x284c): undefined reference to `screen_info'
   vgacon.c:(.text+0x2850): undefined reference to `screen_info'
   drivers/built-in.o: In function `vgacon_startup':
   vgacon.c:(.text+0x28d8): undefined reference to `screen_info'
   drivers/built-in.o:vgacon.c:(.text+0x28f0): more undefined references to `screen_info' follow
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>

During page fault handling we check the last instruction to understand
if the fault was for a read or for a write.  By default we fall back to
read.  New instructions were added to the openrisc 1.1 spec for an
atomic load/store pair (l.lwa/l.swa).

This patch adds the opcode for l.swa (0x33) allowing it to be treated as
a write operation.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Kristiansson <stefan.kristiansson@saunalahti.fi>
[shorne@gmail.com: expanded a bit on the comment]
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>

The openrisc.net domain expired and was taken over by squatters.
These updates point documentation to the new domain, mailing lists
and git repos.

Also, Jonas is not the main maintainer anylonger, he reviews changes
but does not maintain a repo or sent pull requests.  Updating this to
add Stafford and Stefan who are the active maintainers.
Acked-by: Olof Kindgren <olof.kindgren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>

Clearing out one todo item. Use the memblock boot time memory
which is the current standard.
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Acked-by: Jonas <jonas@southpole.se>
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>

The of_platform_populate call in the openrisc arch code is now redundant
as the DT core provides a default call. Openrisc has a NULL match table
which means only top level nodes with compatible strings will have
devices creates. The default version will also descend nodes in the
match table such as "simple-bus" which should be fine as openrisc
doesn't have any of these (though it is preferred that memory-mapped
peripherals be grouped under a bus node(s)).
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>

The build system now expects that NR_CPUS is defined.

Follow 4cbbbb43 ("microblaze: Fix missing NR_CPUS in menuconfig")
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>

The output file format for or1k has changed from "elf32-or32"
to "elf32-or1k". Select the correct output format automatically
to be able to compile the kernel with both toolchain variants.
Signed-off-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>

Historically OpenRISC GCC has reserved r10 which we now use to hold
the thread pointer for thread-local storage (TLS).
Signed-off-by: Christian Svensson <blue@cmd.nu>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Kristiansson <stefan.kristiansson@saunalahti.fi>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>

Fix signal handling for when signals are handled as the result of timers
or exceptions, previous code assumed syscalls. This was noticeable with X
crashing where it uses SIGALRM.

This patch restores all regs before returning to userspace via
_resume_userspace instead of via syscall return path.

The rt_sigreturn syscall is more like a context switch than a function
call; it entails a return from one context (the signal handler) to another
(the process in question).  For a context switch like this there are
effectively no call-saved regs that remain constant across the transition.
Reported-by: Sebastian Macke <sebastian@macke.de>
Signed-off-by: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
[shorne@gmail.com: Updated comment better reflect change and issue]
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>