- 10 Aug, 2010 40 commits
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Jan Kara authored
We try to avoid livelocks of writeback when some steadily creates dirty pages in a mapping we are writing out. For memory-cleaning writeback, using nr_to_write works reasonably well but we cannot really use it for data integrity writeback. This patch tries to solve the problem. The idea is simple: Tag all pages that should be written back with a special tag (TOWRITE) in the radix tree. This can be done rather quickly and thus livelocks should not happen in practice. Then we start doing the hard work of locking pages and sending them to disk only for those pages that have TOWRITE tag set. Note: Adding new radix tree tag grows radix tree node from 288 to 296 bytes for 32-bit archs and from 552 to 560 bytes for 64-bit archs. However, the number of slab/slub items per page remains the same (13 and 7 respectively). Signed-off-by:
Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com> Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Jan Kara authored
Implement function for setting one tag if another tag is set for each item in given range. Signed-off-by:
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Andrea Arcangeli authored
Verify the refcounting doesn't go wrong, and resurrect the check in __page_check_anon_rmap as in old anon-vma code. Signed-off-by:
Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
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Andrea Arcangeli authored
With root anon-vma it's trivial to keep doing the usual check as in old-anon-vma code. Signed-off-by:
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Andrea Arcangeli authored
Always use anon_vma->root pointer instead of anon_vma_chain.prev. Also optimize the map-paths, if a mapping is already established no need to overwrite it with root anon-vma list, we can keep the more finegrined anon-vma and skip the overwrite: see the PageAnon check in !exclusive case. This is also the optimization that hidden the ksm bug as this tends to make ksm_might_need_to_copy skip the copy, but only the proper fix to ksm_might_need_to_copy guarantees not triggering the ksm bug unless ksm is in use. this is an optimization only... [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by:
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Andrea Arcangeli authored
The new anon-vma code, was suboptimal and it lead to erratic invocation of ksm_does_need_to_copy. That leads to host hangs or guest vnc lockup, or weird behavior. It's unclear why ksm_does_need_to_copy is unstable but the point is that when KSM is not in use, ksm_does_need_to_copy must never run or we bounce pages for no good reason. I suspect the same hangs will happen with KVM swaps. But this at least fixes the regression in the new-anon-vma code and it only let KSM bugs triggers when KSM is in use. The code in do_swap_page likely doesn't cope well with a not-swapcache, especially the memcg code. Signed-off-by:
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Andrea Arcangeli authored
Make sure to always add new VMAs at the end of the list. This is important so rmap_walk does not miss a VMA that was created during the rmap_walk. The old code got this right most of the time due to luck, but was buggy when anon_vma_prepare reused a mergeable anon_vma. Signed-off-by:
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Andrea Arcangeli authored
There's no anon-vma related mangling happening inside __vma_link anymore so no need of anon_vma locking there. Signed-off-by:
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Shaohua Li authored
I'm running a shmem pagefault test case (see attached file) under a 64 CPU system. Profile shows shmem_inode_info->lock is heavily contented and 100% CPUs time are trying to get the lock. In the pagefault (no swap) case, shmem_getpage gets the lock twice, the last one is avoidable if we prealloc a page so we could reduce one time of locking. This is what below patch does. The result of the test case: 2.6.35-rc3: ~20s 2.6.35-rc3 + patch: ~12s so this is 40% improvement. One might argue if we could have better locking for shmem. But even shmem is lockless, the pagefault will soon have pagecache lock heavily contented because shmem must add new page to pagecache. So before we have better locking for pagecache, improving shmem locking doesn't have too much improvement. I did a similar pagefault test against a ramfs file, the test result is ~10.5s. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment, clean up code layout, elimintate code duplication] Signed-off-by:
Shaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: "Zhang, Yanmin" <yanmin.zhang@intel.com> Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by:
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Tim Chen authored
The current implementation of tmpfs is not scalable. We found that stat_lock is contended by multiple threads when we need to get a new page, leading to useless spinning inside this spin lock. This patch makes use of the percpu_counter library to maintain local count of used blocks to speed up getting and returning of pages. So the acquisition of stat_lock is unnecessary for getting and returning blocks, improving the performance of tmpfs on system with large number of cpus. On a 4 socket 32 core NHM-EX system, we saw improvement of 270%. The implementation below has a slight chance of race between threads causing a slight overshoot of the maximum configured blocks. However, any overshoot is small, and is bounded by the number of cpus. This happens when the number of used blocks is slightly below the maximum configured blocks when a thread checks the used block count, and another thread allocates the last block before the current thread does. This should not be a problem for tmpfs, as the overshoot is most likely to be a few blocks and bounded. If a strict limit is really desired, then configured the max blocks to be the limit less the number of cpus in system. Signed-off-by:
Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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Tim Chen authored
Add percpu_counter_compare that allows for a quick but accurate comparison of percpu_counter with a given value. A rough count is provided by the count field in percpu_counter structure, without accounting for the other values stored in individual cpu counters. The actual count is a sum of count and the cpu counters. However, count field is never different from the actual value by a factor of batch*num_online_cpu. We do not need to get actual count for comparison if count is different from the given value by this factor and allows for quick comparison without summing up all the per cpu counters. Signed-off-by:
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Andi Kleen authored
No real bugs, just some dead code and some fixups. Signed-off-by:
Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by:
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Andi Kleen authored
Avoid quite a lot of warnings in header files in a gcc 4.6 -Wall builds Signed-off-by:
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Nick Piggin authored
As explained in commit 1c0fe6e3 ("mm: invoke oom-killer from page fault") , we want to call the architecture independent oom killer when getting an unexplained OOM from handle_mm_fault, rather than simply killing current. Signed-off-by:
Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Acked-by:
Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com> Acked-by:
David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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KOSAKI Motohiro authored
migrate_pages() is using >500 bytes stack. Reduce it. mm/mempolicy.c: In function 'sys_migrate_pages': mm/mempolicy.c:1344: warning: the frame size of 528 bytes is larger than 512 bytes [akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't play with a might-be-NULL pointer] Signed-off-by:
KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by:
KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by:
Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
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Lee Schermerhorn authored
Define stubs for the numa_*_id() generic percpu related functions for non-NUMA configurations in <asm-generic/topology.h> where the other non-numa stubs live. Fixes ia64 !NUMA build breakage -- e.g., tiger_defconfig Back out now unneeded '#ifndef CONFIG_NUMA' guards from ia64 smpboot.c Signed-off-by:
Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Tested-by:
Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Acked-by:
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Alexander Nevenchannyy authored
get_zone_counts() was dropped from kernel tree, see: http://www.mail-archive.com/mm-commits@vger.kernel.org/msg07313.html but its prototype remains. Signed-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
The sum_vm_events passes cpumask for for_each_cpu(). But it's useless since we have for_each_online_cpu. Althougth it's tirival overhead, it's not good about coding consistency. Let's use for_each_online_cpu instead of for_each_cpu with cpumask argument. Signed-off-by:
Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Reviewed-by:
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David Rientjes authored
__out_of_memory() only has a single caller, so fold it into out_of_memory() and add a comment about locking for its call to oom_kill_process(). Signed-off-by:
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David Rientjes authored
select_bad_process() and __out_of_memory() doe not need their enum oom_constraint arguments: it's possible to pass a NULL nodemask if constraint == CONSTRAINT_MEMORY_POLICY in the caller, out_of_memory(). Signed-off-by:
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Minchan Kim authored
We have been used naming try_set_zone_oom and clear_zonelist_oom. The role of functions is to lock of zonelist for preventing parallel OOM. So clear_zonelist_oom makes sense but try_set_zone_oome is rather awkward and unmatched with clear_zonelist_oom. Let's change it with try_set_zonelist_oom. Signed-off-by:
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David Rientjes authored
Remove the redundancy in __oom_kill_task() since: - init can never be passed to this function: it will never be PF_EXITING or selectable from select_bad_process(), and - it will never be passed a task from oom_kill_task() without an ->mm and we're unconcerned about detachment from exiting tasks, there's no reason to protect them against SIGKILL or access to memory reserves. Also moves the kernel log message to a higher level since the verbosity is not always emitted here; we need not print an error message if an exiting task is given a longer timeslice. __oom_kill_task() only has a single caller, so it can be merged into that function at the same time. Signed-off-by:
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David Rientjes authored
The three oom killer sysctl variables (sysctl_oom_dump_tasks, sysctl_oom_kill_allocating_task, and sysctl_panic_on_oom) are better declared in include/linux/oom.h rather than kernel/sysctl.c. Signed-off-by:
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David Rientjes authored
It is possible to remove the special pagefault oom handler by simply oom locking all system zones and then calling directly into out_of_memory(). All populated zones must have ZONE_OOM_LOCKED set, otherwise there is a parallel oom killing in progress that will lead to eventual memory freeing so it's not necessary to needlessly kill another task. The context in which the pagefault is allocating memory is unknown to the oom killer, so this is done on a system-wide level. If a task has already been oom killed and hasn't fully exited yet, this will be a no-op since select_bad_process() recognizes tasks across the system with TIF_MEMDIE set. Signed-off-by:
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David Rientjes authored
There are various points in the oom killer where the kernel must determine whether to panic or not. It's better to extract this to a helper function to remove all the confusion as to its semantics. Also fix a call to dump_header() where tasklist_lock is not read- locked, as required. There's no functional change with this patch. Acked-by:
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David Rientjes authored
If memory has been depleted in lowmem zones even with the protection afforded to it by /proc/sys/vm/lowmem_reserve_ratio, it is unlikely that killing current users will help. The memory is either reclaimable (or migratable) already, in which case we should not invoke the oom killer at all, or it is pinned by an application for I/O. Killing such an application may leave the hardware in an unspecified state and there is no guarantee that it will be able to make a timely exit. Lowmem allocations are now failed in oom conditions when __GFP_NOFAIL is not used so that the task can perhaps recover or try again later. Previously, the heuristic provided some protection for those tasks with CAP_SYS_RAWIO, but this is no longer necessary since we will not be killing tasks for the purposes of ISA allocations. high_zoneidx is gfp_zone(gfp_flags), meaning that ZONE_NORMAL will be the default for all allocations that are not __GFP_DMA, __GFP_DMA32, __GFP_HIGHMEM, and __GFP_MOVABLE on kernels configured to support those flags. Testing for high_zoneidx being less than ZONE_NORMAL will only return true for allocations that have either __GFP_DMA or __GFP_DMA32. Acked-by:
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David Rientjes authored
The oom killer tasklist dump, enabled with the oom_dump_tasks sysctl, is very helpful information in diagnosing why a user's task has been killed. It emits useful information such as each eligible thread's memory usage that can determine why the system is oom, so it should be enabled by default. Signed-off-by:
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David Rientjes authored
The oom killer presently kills current whenever there is no more memory free or reclaimable on its mempolicy's nodes. There is no guarantee that current is a memory-hogging task or that killing it will free any substantial amount of memory, however. In such situations, it is better to scan the tasklist for nodes that are allowed to allocate on current's set of nodes and kill the task with the highest badness() score. This ensures that the most memory-hogging task, or the one configured by the user with /proc/pid/oom_adj, is always selected in such scenarios. Signed-off-by:
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David Rientjes authored
When a task is chosen for oom kill, the oom killer first attempts to sacrifice a child not sharing its parent's memory instead. Unfortunately, this often kills in a seemingly random fashion based on the ordering of the selected task's child list. Additionally, it is not guaranteed at all to free a large amount of memory that we need to prevent additional oom killing in the very near future. Instead, we now only attempt to sacrifice the worst child not sharing its parent's memory, if one exists. The worst child is indicated with the highest badness() score. This serves two advantages: we kill a memory-hogging task more often, and we allow the configurable /proc/pid/oom_adj value to be considered as a factor in which child to kill. Reviewers may observe that the previous implementation would iterate through the children and attempt to kill each until one was successful and then the parent if none were found while the new code simply kills the most memory-hogging task or the parent. Note that the only time oom_kill_task() fails, however, is when a child does not have an mm or has a /proc/pid/oom_adj of OOM_DISABLE. badness() returns 0 for both cases, so the final oom_kill_task() will always succeed. Signed-off-by:
Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by:
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David Rientjes authored
Tasks that do not share the same set of allowed nodes with the task that triggered the oom should not be considered as candidates for oom kill. Tasks in other cpusets with a disjoint set of mems would be unfairly penalized otherwise because of oom conditions elsewhere; an extreme example could unfairly kill all other applications on the system if a single task in a user's cpuset sets itself to OOM_DISABLE and then uses more memory than allowed. Killing tasks outside of current's cpuset rarely would free memory for current anyway. To use a sane heuristic, we must ensure that killing a task would likely free memory for current and avoid needlessly killing others at all costs just because their potential memory freeing is unknown. It is better to kill current than another task needlessly. Signed-off-by:
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David Rientjes authored
It's unnecessary to SIGKILL a task that is already PF_EXITING and can actually cause a NULL pointer dereference of the sighand if it has already been detached. Instead, simply set TIF_MEMDIE so it has access to memory reserves and can quickly exit as the comment implies. Reviewed-by:
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David Rientjes authored
It's possible to livelock the page allocator if a thread has mm->mmap_sem and fails to make forward progress because the oom killer selects another thread sharing the same ->mm to kill that cannot exit until the semaphore is dropped. The oom killer will not kill multiple tasks at the same time; each oom killed task must exit before another task may be killed. Thus, if one thread is holding mm->mmap_sem and cannot allocate memory, all threads sharing the same ->mm are blocked from exiting as well. In the oom kill case, that means the thread holding mm->mmap_sem will never free additional memory since it cannot get access to memory reserves and the thread that depends on it with access to memory reserves cannot exit because it cannot acquire the semaphore. Thus, the page allocators livelocks. When the oom killer is called and current happens to have a pending SIGKILL, this patch automatically gives it access to memory reserves and returns. Upon returning to the page allocator, its allocation will hopefully succeed so it can quickly exit and free its memory. If not, the page allocator will fail the allocation if it is not __GFP_NOFAIL. Reviewed-by:
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David Rientjes authored
When find_lock_task_mm() returns a thread other than p in dump_tasks(), its name should be displayed instead. This is the thread that will be targeted by the oom killer, not its mm-less parent. This also allows us to safely dereference task->comm without needing get_task_comm(). While we're here, remove the cast on task_cpu(task) as Andrew suggested. Signed-off-by:
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David Rientjes authored
The comments in dump_tasks() should be updated to be more clear about why tasks are filtered and how they are filtered by its argument. An unnecessary comment concerning a check for is_global_init() is removed since it isn't of importance. Suggested-by:
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KOSAKI Motohiro authored
dump_task() should use find_lock_task_mm() too. It is necessary for protecting task-exiting race. dump_tasks() currently filters any task that does not have an attached ->mm since it incorrectly assumes that it must either be in the process of exiting and has detached its memory or that it's a kernel thread; multithreaded tasks may actually have subthreads that have a valid ->mm pointer and thus those threads should actually be displayed. This change finds those threads, if they exist, and emit their information along with the rest of the candidate tasks for kill. Signed-off-by:
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Oleg Nesterov authored
Almost all ->mm == NULL checks in oom_kill.c are wrong. The current code assumes that the task without ->mm has already released its memory and ignores the process. However this is not necessarily true when this process is multithreaded, other live sub-threads can use this ->mm. - Remove the "if (!p->mm)" check in select_bad_process(), it is just wrong. - Add the new helper, find_lock_task_mm(), which finds the live thread which uses the memory and takes task_lock() to pin ->mm - change oom_badness() to use this helper instead of just checking ->mm != NULL. - As David pointed out, select_bad_process() must never choose the task without ->mm, but no matter what oom_badness() returns the task can be chosen if nothing else has been found yet. Change oom_badness() to return int, change it to return -1 if find_lock_task_mm() fails, and change select_bad_process() to check points >= 0. Note! This patch is not enough, we need more changes. - oom_badness() was fixed, but oom_kill_task() still ignores the task without ->mm - oom_forkbomb_penalty() should use find_lock_task_mm() too, and it also needs other changes to actually find the first first-descendant children This will be addressed later. [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: use in badness(), __oom_kill_task()] Signed-off-by:
Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
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Oleg Nesterov authored
select_bad_process() checks PF_EXITING to detect the task which is going to release its memory, but the logic is very wrong. - a single process P with the dead group leader disables select_bad_process() completely, it will always return ERR_PTR() while P can live forever - if the PF_EXITING task has already released its ->mm it doesn't make sense to expect it is goiing to free more memory (except task_struct/etc) Change the code to ignore the PF_EXITING tasks without ->mm. Signed-off-by:
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Oleg Nesterov authored
select_bad_process() thinks a kernel thread can't have ->mm != NULL, this is not true due to use_mm(). Change the code to check PF_KTHREAD. Reviewed-by:
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Richard Kennedy authored
The comment suggests that when b_count equals zero it is calling __wait_no_buffer to trigger some debug, but as there is no debug in __wait_on_buffer the whole thing is redundant. AFAICT from the git log this has been the case for at least 5 years, so it seems safe just to remove this. Signed-off-by:
Richard Kennedy <richard@rsk.demon.co.uk> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com> Signed-off-by:
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Rik van Riel authored
KSM reference counts can cause an anon_vma to exist after the processe it belongs to have already exited. Because the anon_vma lock now lives in the root anon_vma, we need to ensure that the root anon_vma stays around until after all the "child" anon_vmas have been freed. The obvious way to do this is to have a "child" anon_vma take a reference to the root in anon_vma_fork. When the anon_vma is freed at munmap or process exit, we drop the refcount in anon_vma_unlink and possibly free the root anon_vma. The KSM anon_vma reference count function also needs to be modified to deal with the possibility of freeing 2 levels of anon_vma. The easiest way to do this is to break out the KSM magic and make it generic. When compiling without CONFIG_KSM, this code is compiled out. Signed-off-by:
Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com> Acked-by:
Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Acked-by:
Dave Young <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by:
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