---
type: reference, howto
---

# Dependency Scanning **(ULTIMATE)**

> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/5105) in [GitLab Ultimate](https://about.gitlab.com/pricing/) 10.7.

Dependency Scanning helps to automatically find security vulnerabilities in your dependencies
while you are developing and testing your applications, for example when your
application is using an external (open source) library which is known to be vulnerable.

## Overview

If you are using [GitLab CI/CD](../../../ci/README.md), you can analyze your dependencies for known
vulnerabilities using Dependency Scanning.
All dependencies are scanned, including the transitive dependencies (also known as nested dependencies).

You can take advantage of Dependency Scanning by either [including the CI job](#configuration)
in your existing `.gitlab-ci.yml` file or by implicitly using
[Auto Dependency Scanning](../../../topics/autodevops/index.md#auto-dependency-scanning-ultimate)
that is provided by [Auto DevOps](../../../topics/autodevops/index.md).

GitLab checks the Dependency Scanning report, compares the found vulnerabilities
between the source and target branches, and shows the information on the
merge request.

![Dependency Scanning Widget](img/dependency_scanning.png)

The results are sorted by the severity of the vulnerability:

1. Critical
1. High
1. Medium
1. Low
1. Unknown
1. Everything else

## Requirements

To run a Dependency Scanning job, by default, you need GitLab Runner with the
[`docker`](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/executors/docker.html#use-docker-in-docker-with-privileged-mode) or
[`kubernetes`](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/install/kubernetes.html#running-privileged-containers-for-the-runners)
executor running in privileged mode. If you're using the shared Runners on GitLab.com,
this is enabled by default.

CAUTION: **Caution:**
If you use your own Runners, make sure that the Docker version you have installed
is **not** `19.03.00`. See [troubleshooting information](#error-response-from-daemon-error-processing-tar-file-docker-tar-relocation-error) for details.

Privileged mode is not necessary if you've [disabled Docker in Docker for Dependency Scanning](#disabling-docker-in-docker-for-dependency-scanning)

## Supported languages and package managers

The following languages and dependency managers are supported.

| Language (package managers)  | Supported | Scan tool(s) |
|----------------------------- | --------- | ------------ |
| Java ([Gradle](https://gradle.org/)) | yes | [gemnasium](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium) |
| Java ([Maven](https://maven.apache.org/)) | yes | [gemnasium](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium) |
| JavaScript ([npm](https://www.npmjs.com/), [yarn](https://yarnpkg.com/en/)) | yes | [gemnasium](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium), [Retire.js](https://retirejs.github.io/retire.js/)         |
| PHP ([Composer](https://getcomposer.org/))  | yes | [gemnasium](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium) |
| Python ([pip](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/)) | yes | [gemnasium](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium) |
| Python ([Pipfile](https://pipenv.kennethreitz.org/en/latest/basics/)) | not currently ([issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/11756 "Pipfile.lock support for Dependency Scanning"))| not available |
| Python ([poetry](https://poetry.eustace.io/)) | not currently ([issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/7006 "Support Poetry in Dependency Scanning")) | not available |
| Ruby ([gem](https://rubygems.org/)) | yes | [gemnasium](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium), [bundler-audit](https://github.com/rubysec/bundler-audit) |
| Scala ([sbt](https://www.scala-sbt.org/)) | yes | [gemnasium](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium) |
| Go ([Go Modules](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules)) | yes ([alpha](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/7132)) | [gemnasium](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium) |

## Contribute your scanner

The [Security Scanner Integration](../../../development/integrations/secure.md) documentation explains how to integrate other security scanners into GitLab.

## Configuration

For GitLab 11.9 and later, to enable Dependency Scanning, you must
[include](../../../ci/yaml/README.md#includetemplate) the
[`Dependency-Scanning.gitlab-ci.yml` template](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Security/Dependency-Scanning.gitlab-ci.yml)
that's provided as a part of your GitLab installation.
For GitLab versions earlier than 11.9, you can copy and use the job as defined
that template.

Add the following to your `.gitlab-ci.yml` file:

```yaml
include:
  - template: Dependency-Scanning.gitlab-ci.yml
```

The included template will create a `dependency_scanning` job in your CI/CD
pipeline and scan your project's source code for possible vulnerabilities.

The results will be saved as a
[Dependency Scanning report artifact](../../../ci/yaml/README.md#artifactsreportsdependency_scanning-ultimate)
that you can later download and analyze. Due to implementation limitations, we
always take the latest Dependency Scanning artifact available.

### Customizing the Dependency Scanning settings

The Dependency Scanning settings can be changed through [environment variables](#available-variables) by using the
[`variables`](../../../ci/yaml/README.md#variables) parameter in `.gitlab-ci.yml`.

For example:

```yaml
include:
  - template: Dependency-Scanning.gitlab-ci.yml

variables:
  DS_PYTHON_VERSION: 2
```

Because template is [evaluated before](../../../ci/yaml/README.md#include) the pipeline
configuration, the last mention of the variable will take precedence.

### Overriding the Dependency Scanning template

If you want to override the job definition (for example, change properties like
`variables` or `dependencies`), you need to declare a `dependency_scanning` job
after the template inclusion and specify any additional keys under it. For example:

```yaml
include:
  - template: Dependency-Scanning.gitlab-ci.yml

dependency_scanning:
  variables:
    CI_DEBUG_TRACE: "true"
```

### Available variables

Dependency Scanning can be [configured](#customizing-the-dependency-scanning-settings)
using environment variables.

#### Configuring Dependency Scanning

The following variables allow configuration of global dependency scanning settings.

| Environment variable                    | Default     | Description |
| --------------------------------------- | ----------- | ----------- |
| `DS_ANALYZER_IMAGES`                    |             | Comma separated list of custom images. The official default images are still enabled. Read more about [customizing analyzers](analyzers.md). |
| `DS_ANALYZER_IMAGE_PREFIX`              |             | Override the name of the Docker registry providing the official default images (proxy). Read more about [customizing analyzers](analyzers.md). |
| `DS_ANALYZER_IMAGE_TAG`                 |             | Override the Docker tag of the official default images. Read more about [customizing analyzers](analyzers.md). |
| `DS_DEFAULT_ANALYZERS`                  |             | Override the names of the official default images. Read more about [customizing analyzers](analyzers.md). |
| `DS_DISABLE_DIND`                       |             | Disable Docker in Docker and run analyzers [individually](#disabling-docker-in-docker-for-dependency-scanning).|
| `DS_PULL_ANALYZER_IMAGES`               |             | Pull the images from the Docker registry (set to `0` to disable). |
| `DS_EXCLUDED_PATHS`                     |             | Exclude vulnerabilities from output based on the paths. A comma-separated list of patterns. Patterns can be globs, file or folder paths (for example, `doc,spec`). Parent directories will also match patterns. |
| `DS_DOCKER_CLIENT_NEGOTIATION_TIMEOUT`  | 2m          | Time limit for Docker client negotiation. Timeouts are parsed using Go's [`ParseDuration`](https://golang.org/pkg/time/#ParseDuration). Valid time units are `ns`, `us` (or `µs`), `ms`, `s`, `m`, or `h`. For example, `300ms`, `1.5h`, or `2h45m`. |
| `DS_PULL_ANALYZER_IMAGE_TIMEOUT`        | 5m          | Time limit when pulling an analyzer's image. Timeouts are parsed using Go's [`ParseDuration`](https://golang.org/pkg/time/#ParseDuration). Valid time units are `ns`, `us` (or `µs`), `ms`, `s`, `m`, or `h`. For example, `300ms`, `1.5h`, or `2h45m`. |
| `DS_RUN_ANALYZER_TIMEOUT`               | 20m         | Time limit when running an analyzer. Timeouts are parsed using Go's [`ParseDuration`](https://golang.org/pkg/time/#ParseDuration). Valid time units are `ns`, `us` (or `µs`), `ms`, `s`, `m`, or `h`. For example, `300ms`, `1.5h`, or `2h45m`. |
| `ADDITIONAL_CA_CERT_BUNDLE`   |  | Bundle of CA certs that you want to trust. |

#### Configuring specific analyzers used by Dependency Scanning

The following variables are used for configuring specific analyzers (used for a specific language/framework).

| Environment variable                    | Analyzer           | Default                      | Description |
| --------------------------------------- | ------------------ | ---------------------------- |------------ |
| `GEMNASIUM_DB_LOCAL_PATH`               | `gemnasium`        | `/gemnasium-db`              | Path to local gemnasium database. |
| `GEMNASIUM_DB_REMOTE_URL`               | `gemnasium`        | `https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium-db.git` | Repository URL for fetching the gemnasium database. |
| `GEMNASIUM_DB_REF_NAME`                 | `gemnasium`        | `master`                     | Branch name for remote repository database. `GEMNASIUM_DB_REMOTE_URL` is required. |
| `PIP_INDEX_URL`                         | `gemnasium-python` | `https://pypi.org/simple`    | Base URL of Python Package Index. |
| `PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL`                   | `gemnasium-python` |                              | Array of [extra URLs](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/#cmdoption-extra-index-url) of package indexes to use in addition to `PIP_INDEX_URL`. Comma separated. |
| `PIP_REQUIREMENTS_FILE`                 | `gemnasium-python` |                              | Pip requirements file to be scanned. |
| `DS_PIP_VERSION`                        | `gemnasium-python` |                              | Force the install of a specific pip version (example: `"19.3"`), otherwise the pip installed in the Docker image is used. ([Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/12811) in GitLab 12.7) |
| `DS_PIP_DEPENDENCY_PATH`                | `gemnasium-python` |                              | Path to load Python pip dependencies from. ([Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/12412) in GitLab 12.2) |
| `DS_PYTHON_VERSION`                     | `retire.js`        |                              | Version of Python. If set to 2, dependencies are installed using Python 2.7 instead of Python 3.6. ([Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/12296) in GitLab 12.1)|
| `MAVEN_CLI_OPTS`                        | `gemnasium-maven`  | `"-DskipTests --batch-mode"` | List of command line arguments that will be passed to `maven` by the analyzer. See an example for [using private repos](#using-private-maven-repos). |
| `BUNDLER_AUDIT_UPDATE_DISABLED`         | `bundler-audit`    | `false`                      | Disable automatic updates for the `bundler-audit` analyzer. Useful if you're running Dependency Scanning in an offline, air-gapped environment.|
| `BUNDLER_AUDIT_ADVISORY_DB_URL`         | `bundler-audit`    | `https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db` | URL of the advisory database used by bundler-audit. |
| `BUNDLER_AUDIT_ADVISORY_DB_REF_NAME`    | `bundler-audit`    | `master`                     | Git ref for the advisory database specified by `BUNDLER_AUDIT_ADVISORY_DB_URL`. |
| `RETIREJS_JS_ADVISORY_DB`               | `retire.js`        | `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RetireJS/retire.js/master/repository/jsrepository.json` | Path or URL to Retire.js js vulnerability data file. |
| `RETIREJS_NODE_ADVISORY_DB`             | `retire.js`        | `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RetireJS/retire.js/master/repository/npmrepository.json` | Path or URL to Retire.js node vulnerability data file. |

### Using private Maven repos

If you have a private Maven repository which requires login credentials,
you can use the `MAVEN_CLI_OPTS` environment variable to pass variables
specified in your settings (e.g., username, password, etc.).

For example, if you have a settings file in your project source (e.g., `mysettings.xml`)
that looks like the following, you can specify the variables
[by adding an entry under your project's settings](../../../ci/variables/README.md#via-the-ui),
so that you don't have to expose your private data in `.gitlab-ci.yml` (e.g., adding
`MAVEN_CLI_OPTS` with value `--settings mysettings.xml -Dprivate.username=foo -Dprivate.password=bar`).

```xml
<!-- mysettings.xml -->
<settings>
    ...
    <servers>
        <server>
            <id>private_server</id>
            <username>${private.username}</username>
            <password>${private.password}</password>
        </server>
    </servers>
</settings>
```

### Disabling Docker in Docker for Dependency Scanning

> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/12487) in GitLab Ultimate 12.5.

You can avoid the need for Docker in Docker by running the individual analyzers.
This does not require running the executor in privileged mode. For example:

```yaml
include:
  - template: Dependency-Scanning.gitlab-ci.yml

variables:
  DS_DISABLE_DIND: "true"
```

This will create individual `<analyzer-name>-dependency_scanning` jobs for each analyzer that runs in your CI/CD pipeline.

## Interacting with the vulnerabilities

Once a vulnerability is found, you can interact with it. Read more on how to
[interact with the vulnerabilities](../index.md#interacting-with-the-vulnerabilities).

## Solutions for vulnerabilities (auto-remediation)

Some vulnerabilities can be fixed by applying the solution that GitLab
automatically generates.

Read more about the [solutions for vulnerabilities](../index.md#solutions-for-vulnerabilities-auto-remediation).

## Security Dashboard

The Security Dashboard is a good place to get an overview of all the security
vulnerabilities in your groups, projects and pipelines. Read more about the
[Security Dashboard](../security_dashboard/index.md).

## Vulnerabilities database update

For more information about the vulnerabilities database update, check the
[maintenance table](../index.md#maintenance-and-update-of-the-vulnerabilities-database).

## Dependency List

An additional benefit of Dependency Scanning is the ability to view your
project's dependencies and their known vulnerabilities. Read more about
the [Dependency List](../dependency_list/index.md).

## Reports JSON format

CAUTION: **Caution:**
The JSON report artifacts are not a public API of Dependency Scanning and their format may change in the future.

The Dependency Scanning tool emits a JSON report file. Here is an example of the report structure with all important parts of
it highlighted:

```json-doc
{
  "version": "2.0",
  "vulnerabilities": [
    {
      "category": "dependency_scanning",
      "name": "Regular Expression Denial of Service",
      "message": "Regular Expression Denial of Service in debug",
      "description": "The debug module is vulnerable to regular expression denial of service when untrusted user input is passed into the `o` formatter. It takes around 50k characters to block for 2 seconds making this a low severity issue.",
      "cve": "yarn.lock:debug:gemnasium:37283ed4-0380-40d7-ada7-2d994afcc62a",
      "severity": "Unknown",
      "solution": "Upgrade to latest versions.",
      "scanner": {
        "id": "gemnasium",
        "name": "Gemnasium"
      },
      "location": {
        "file": "yarn.lock",
        "dependency": {
          "package": {
            "name": "debug"
          },
          "version": "1.0.5"
        }
      },
      "identifiers": [
        {
          "type": "gemnasium",
          "name": "Gemnasium-37283ed4-0380-40d7-ada7-2d994afcc62a",
          "value": "37283ed4-0380-40d7-ada7-2d994afcc62a",
          "url": "https://deps.sec.gitlab.com/packages/npm/debug/versions/1.0.5/advisories"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        {
          "url": "https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/534"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/visionmedia/debug/issues/501"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/visionmedia/debug/pull/504"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "category": "dependency_scanning",
      "name": "Authentication bypass via incorrect DOM traversal and canonicalization",
      "message": "Authentication bypass via incorrect DOM traversal and canonicalization in saml2-js",
      "description": "Some XML DOM traversal and canonicalization APIs may be inconsistent in handling of comments within XML nodes. Incorrect use of these APIs by some SAML libraries results in incorrect parsing of the inner text of XML nodes such that any inner text after the comment is lost prior to cryptographically signing the SAML message. Text after the comment therefore has no impact on the signature on the SAML message.\r\n\r\nA remote attacker can modify SAML content for a SAML service provider without invalidating the cryptographic signature, which may allow attackers to bypass primary authentication for the affected SAML service provider.",
      "cve": "yarn.lock:saml2-js:gemnasium:9952e574-7b5b-46fa-a270-aeb694198a98",
      "severity": "Unknown",
      "solution": "Upgrade to fixed version.\r\n",
      "scanner": {
        "id": "gemnasium",
        "name": "Gemnasium"
      },
      "location": {
        "file": "yarn.lock",
        "dependency": {
          "package": {
            "name": "saml2-js"
          },
          "version": "1.5.0"
        }
      },
      "identifiers": [
        {
          "type": "gemnasium",
          "name": "Gemnasium-9952e574-7b5b-46fa-a270-aeb694198a98",
          "value": "9952e574-7b5b-46fa-a270-aeb694198a98",
          "url": "https://deps.sec.gitlab.com/packages/npm/saml2-js/versions/1.5.0/advisories"
        },
        {
          "type": "cve",
          "name": "CVE-2017-11429",
          "value": "CVE-2017-11429",
          "url": "https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-11429"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/Clever/saml2/commit/3546cb61fd541f219abda364c5b919633609ef3d#diff-af730f9f738de1c9ad87596df3f6de84R279"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/Clever/saml2/issues/127"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/475445"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "remediations": [
    {
      "fixes": [
        {
          "cve": "yarn.lock:saml2-js:gemnasium:9952e574-7b5b-46fa-a270-aeb694198a98"
        }
      ],
      "summary": "Upgrade saml2-js",
      "diff": "ZGlmZiAtLWdpdCBhL...OR0d1ZUc2THh3UT09Cg==" // some content is omitted for brevity
    }
  ]
}
```

CAUTION: **Deprecation:**
Beginning with GitLab 12.9, dependency scanning no longer reports `undefined` severity and confidence levels.

Here is the description of the report file structure nodes and their meaning. All fields are mandatory to be present in
the report JSON unless stated otherwise. Presence of optional fields depends on the underlying analyzers being used.

| Report JSON node                                     | Description |
|------------------------------------------------------|-------------|
| `version`                                            | Report syntax version used to generate this JSON. |
| `vulnerabilities`                                    | Array of vulnerability objects. |
| `vulnerabilities[].category`                         | Where this vulnerability belongs (SAST, Dependency Scanning etc.). For Dependency Scanning, it will always be `dependency_scanning`. |
| `vulnerabilities[].name`                             | Name of the vulnerability, this must not include the occurrence's specific information. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].message`                          | A short text that describes the vulnerability, it may include occurrence's specific information. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].description`                      | A long text that describes the vulnerability. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].cve`                              | A fingerprint string value that represents a concrete occurrence of the vulnerability. It's used to determine whether two vulnerability occurrences are same or different. May not be 100% accurate. **This is NOT a [CVE](https://cve.mitre.org/)**. |
| `vulnerabilities[].severity`                         | How much the vulnerability impacts the software. Possible values: `Undefined` (an analyzer has not provided this info), `Info`, `Unknown`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Critical`. |
| `vulnerabilities[].confidence`                       | How reliable the vulnerability's assessment is. Possible values: `Undefined` (an analyzer has not provided this info), `Ignore`, `Unknown`, `Experimental`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Confirmed`. |
| `vulnerabilities[].solution`                         | Explanation of how to fix the vulnerability. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].scanner`                          | A node that describes the analyzer used to find this vulnerability. |
| `vulnerabilities[].scanner.id`                       | Id of the scanner as a snake_case string. |
| `vulnerabilities[].scanner.name`                     | Name of the scanner, for display purposes. |
| `vulnerabilities[].location`                         | A node that tells where the vulnerability is located. |
| `vulnerabilities[].location.file`                    | Path to the dependencies file (e.g., `yarn.lock`). Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].location.dependency`              | A node that describes the dependency of a project where the vulnerability is located. |
| `vulnerabilities[].location.dependency.package`      | A node that provides the information on the package where the vulnerability is located. |
| `vulnerabilities[].location.dependency.package.name` | Name of the package where the vulnerability is located. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].location.dependency.version`      | Version of the vulnerable package. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].identifiers`                      | An ordered array of references that identify a vulnerability on internal or external DBs. |
| `vulnerabilities[].identifiers[].type`               | Type of the identifier. Possible values: common identifier types (among `cve`, `cwe`, `osvdb`, and `usn`) or analyzer-dependent ones (e.g. `gemnasium` for [Gemnasium](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/analyzers/gemnasium/)). |
| `vulnerabilities[].identifiers[].name`               | Name of the identifier for display purpose. |
| `vulnerabilities[].identifiers[].value`              | Value of the identifier for matching purpose. |
| `vulnerabilities[].identifiers[].url`                | URL to identifier's documentation. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].links`                            | An array of references to external documentation pieces or articles that describe the vulnerability further. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].links[].name`                     | Name of the vulnerability details link. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].links[].url`                      | URL of the vulnerability details document. Optional. |
| `remediations`                                       | An array of objects containing information on cured vulnerabilities along with patch diffs to apply. Empty if no remediations provided by an underlying analyzer. |
| `remediations[].fixes`                               | An array of strings that represent references to vulnerabilities fixed by this particular remediation. |
| `remediations[].fixes[].cve`                         | A string value that describes a fixed vulnerability occurrence in the same format as `vulnerabilities[].cve`. |
| `remediations[].summary`                             | Overview of how the vulnerabilities have been fixed. |
| `remediations[].diff`                                | base64-encoded remediation code diff, compatible with [`git apply`](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-format-patch#_discussion). |

## Versioning and release process

Please check the [Release Process documentation](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/release/blob/master/docs/release_process.md).

## Contributing to the vulnerability database

You can search the [gemnasium-db](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium-db) project
to find a vulnerability in the Gemnasium database.
You can also [submit new vulnerabilities](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/security-products/gemnasium-db/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).

## Troubleshooting

### Error response from daemon: error processing tar file: docker-tar: relocation error

This error occurs when the Docker version used to run the SAST job is `19.03.00`.
You are advised to update to Docker `19.03.01` or greater. Older versions are not
affected. Read more in
[this issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/13830#note_211354992 "Current SAST container fails").
