@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ _The reporter permission allows support staff to manage issues, labels, and revi
> Guest permissions allows people ops staff to review and lodge new issues while allowing no read or write access to project code or [confidential issues](../../../user/project/issues/confidential_issues.md#permissions-and-access-to-confidential-issues) created by other users.
See the [permission list](../../../user/permissions.md) for complementary info.
See the [permission list](../../../user/permissions.md) for complementary information.
To verify the details of a token, use the `token/info` endpoint provided by the Doorkeeper gem.
For more information, see [`/oauth/token/info`](https://github.com/doorkeeper-gem/doorkeeper/wiki/API-endpoint-descriptions-and-examples#get----oauthtokeninfo).
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Below are the changes made between V3 and V4.
- Remove `GET /groups/owned`. Use `GET /groups?owned=true` instead [!9505](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/merge_requests/9505)
- Return 202 with JSON body on async removals on V4 API (`DELETE /projects/:id/repository/merged_branches` and `DELETE /projects/:id`) [!9449](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/merge_requests/9449)
-`GET /projects/:id/milestones?iid[]=x&iid[]=y` array filter has been renamed to `iids`[!9096](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/merge_requests/9096)
- Return basic info about pipeline in `GET /projects/:id/pipelines`[!8875](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/merge_requests/8875)
- Return basic information about pipeline in `GET /projects/:id/pipelines`[!8875](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/merge_requests/8875)
- Renamed all `build` references to `job`[!9463](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/merge_requests/9463)
- Drop `GET /projects/:id/repository/commits/:sha/jobs`[!9463](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/merge_requests/9463)
- Rename Build Triggers to be Pipeline Triggers API [!9713](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/merge_requests/9713)
This will enable the feature for GitLab.com, with `new_navigation_bar` being the
name of the feature.
This command does *not* enable the feature for 25% of the total users. Instead, when the feature is checked with `enabled?`, it will return `true` 25% of the time.
If you are not certain what percentages to use, simply use the following steps:
...
...
@@ -136,9 +137,8 @@ you run these 2 commands:
/chatops run feature set some_feature 25
```
Then `some_feature` will be enabled for 25% of the time the users are interacting with
`gitlab-org/gitlab`. Note that the the feature is not enabled to 25%
of the users, rather a simple randomization is made each time the `enabled?` is checked.
Then `some_feature` will be enabled for both 25% of users and all users interacting with
`gitlab-org/gitlab`.
NOTE: **Note:**
**Percentage of time** rollout is not a good idea if what you want is to make sure a feature
In order to provide modern DevOps workflows, our Application Development Platform will rely on
[Auto DevOps](../autodevops/index.md) to provide those workflows. Auto DevOps works with
any Kubernetes cluster; you're not limited to running on GitLab's infrastructure. Additionally, Auto DevOps offers
an incremental consumption path. Because it is [composable](../autodevops/index.md#using-components-of-auto-devops),
an incremental consumption path. Because it is [composable](../autodevops/customize.md#using-components-of-auto-devops),
you can use as much or as little of the default pipeline as you'd like, and deeply customize without having to integrate a completely different platform.
For example, to build a Docker image based on based on the `ruby:alpine`
instead of the default `ruby:latest`:
1. Set `AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_EXTRA_ARGS` to `--build-arg=RUBY_VERSION=alpine`.
1. Add the following to a custom `Dockerfile`:
```dockerfile
ARG RUBY_VERSION=latest
FROM ruby:$RUBY_VERSION
# ... put your stuff here
```
NOTE: **Note:**
Passing in complex values (newlines and spaces, for example) will likely
cause escaping issues due to the way this argument is used in Auto DevOps.
Consider using Base64 encoding of such values to avoid this problem.
CAUTION: **Warning:**
Avoid passing secrets as Docker build arguments if possible, as they may be
persisted in your image. See
[this discussion](https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/13490) for details.
## Passing secrets to `docker build`
> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/25514) in GitLab 12.3, but available in versions 11.9 and above.
CI environment variables can be passed as [build
secrets](https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/build_enhancements/#new-docker-build-secret-information) to the `docker build` command by listing them comma separated by name in the
`AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_FORWARDED_CI_VARIABLES` variable. For example, in order to forward the variables `CI_COMMIT_SHA` and `CI_ENVIRONMENT_NAME`, one would set `AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_FORWARDED_CI_VARIABLES` to `CI_COMMIT_SHA,CI_ENVIRONMENT_NAME`.
Unlike build arguments, these are not persisted by Docker in the final image
(though you can still persist them yourself, so **be careful**).
In projects:
- Without a `Dockerfile`, these are available automatically as environment
variables.
- With a `Dockerfile`, the following is required:
1. Activate the experimental `Dockerfile` syntax by adding the following
to the top of the file:
```dockerfile
# syntax = docker/dockerfile:experimental
```
1. To make secrets available in any `RUN $COMMAND` in the `Dockerfile`, mount
the secret file and source it prior to running `$COMMAND`:
```dockerfile
RUN --mount=type=secret,id=auto-devops-build-secrets . /run/secrets/auto-devops-build-secrets && $COMMAND
```
NOTE: **Note:**
When `AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_FORWARDED_CI_VARIABLES` is set, Auto DevOps
enables the experimental [Docker BuildKit](https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/build_enhancements/)
feature to use the `--secret` flag.
## Custom Helm Chart
Auto DevOps uses [Helm](https://helm.sh/) to deploy your application to Kubernetes.
You can override the Helm chart used by bundling up a chart into your project
repo or by specifying a project variable:
-**Bundled chart** - If your project has a `./chart` directory with a `Chart.yaml`
file in it, Auto DevOps will detect the chart and use it instead of the [default
This can be a great way to control exactly how your application is deployed.
-**Project variable** - Create a [project variable](../../ci/variables/README.md#gitlab-cicd-environment-variables)
`AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART` with the URL of a custom chart to use or create two project variables `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY` with the URL of a custom chart repository and `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART` with the path to the chart.
## Customize values for Helm Chart
> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/30628) in GitLab 12.6, `.gitlab/auto-deploy-values.yaml` will be used by default for Helm upgrades.
You can override the default values in the `values.yaml` file in the [default Helm chart](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/auto-deploy-app).
This can be achieved by either:
- Adding a file named `.gitlab/auto-deploy-values.yaml` to your repository. It will
be automatically used if found.
- Adding a file with a different name or path to the repository, and set the
`HELM_UPGRADE_VALUES_FILE`[environment variable](#environment-variables) with the path and name.
NOTE: **Note:**
For GitLab 12.5 and earlier, the `HELM_UPGRADE_EXTRA_ARGS` environment variable can be used to override the default chart values.
To do so, set `HELM_UPGRADE_EXTRA_ARGS` to `--values my-values.yaml`.
## Custom Helm chart per environment
You can specify the use of a custom Helm chart per environment by scoping the environment variable
to the desired environment. See [Limiting environment scopes of variables](../../ci/variables/README.md#limiting-environment-scopes-of-environment-variables).
## Customizing `.gitlab-ci.yml`
Auto DevOps is completely customizable because the [Auto DevOps template](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml):
- Is just an implementation of a [`.gitlab-ci.yml`](../../ci/yaml/README.md) file.
- Uses only features available to any implementation of `.gitlab-ci.yml`.
If you want to modify the CI/CD pipeline used by Auto DevOps, you can [`include`
the template](../../ci/yaml/README.md#includetemplate) and customize as
needed. To do this, add a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file to the root of your repository
containing the following:
```yml
include:
-template:Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml
```
Then add any extra changes you want. Your additions will be merged with the
[Auto DevOps template](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml) using the behaviour described for
[`include`](../../ci/yaml/README.md#include).
It is also possible to copy and paste the contents of the [Auto DevOps template](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml)
into your project and edit this as needed. You may prefer to do it
that way if you want to specifically remove any part of it.
## Customizing the Kubernetes namespace
> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/27630) in GitLab 12.6.
For **non**-GitLab-managed clusters, the namespace can be customized using
For example, the following configuration overrides the namespace used for
`production` deployments:
```yaml
include:
-template:Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml
production:
environment:
kubernetes:
namespace:production
```
When deploying to a custom namespace with Auto DevOps, the service account
provided with the cluster needs at least the `edit` role within the namespace.
- If the service account can create namespaces, then the namespace can be created on-demand.
- Otherwise, the namespace must exist prior to deployment.
## Using components of Auto DevOps
If you only require a subset of the features offered by Auto DevOps, you can include
individual Auto DevOps jobs into your own `.gitlab-ci.yml`. Each component job relies
on a stage that should be defined in the `.gitlab-ci.yml` that includes the template.
For example, to make use of [Auto Build](stages.md#auto-build), you can add the following to
your `.gitlab-ci.yml`:
```yaml
stages:
-build
include:
-template:Jobs/Build.gitlab-ci.yml
```
Consult the [Auto DevOps template](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml) for information on available jobs.
## PostgreSQL database support
In order to support applications that require a database,
[PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org/) is provisioned by default. The credentials to access
the database are preconfigured, but can be customized by setting the associated
[variables](#environment-variables). These credentials can be used for defining a
| `ADDITIONAL_HOSTS` | Fully qualified domain names specified as a comma-separated list that are added to the Ingress hosts. |
| `<ENVIRONMENT>_ADDITIONAL_HOSTS` | For a specific environment, the fully qualified domain names specified as a comma-separated list that are added to the Ingress hosts. This takes precedence over `ADDITIONAL_HOSTS`. |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_CNB_ENABLED` | When set to a non-empty value and no `Dockerfile` is present, Auto Build builds your application using Cloud Native Buildpacks instead of Herokuish. [More details](stages.md#auto-build-using-cloud-native-buildpacks-beta). |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_EXTRA_ARGS` | Extra arguments to be passed to the `docker build` command. Note that using quotes will not prevent word splitting. [More details](#passing-arguments-to-docker-build). |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_FORWARDED_CI_VARIABLES` | A [comma-separated list of CI variable names](#passing-secrets-to-docker-build) to be passed to the `docker build` command as secrets. |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART` | Helm Chart used to deploy your apps. Defaults to the one [provided by GitLab](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/auto-deploy-app). |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY` | Helm Chart repository used to search for charts. Defaults to `https://charts.gitlab.io`. |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_NAME` | From GitLab 11.11, used to set the name of the Helm repository. Defaults to `gitlab`. |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_USERNAME` | From GitLab 11.11, used to set a username to connect to the Helm repository. Defaults to no credentials. Also set `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_PASSWORD`. |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_PASSWORD` | From GitLab 11.11, used to set a password to connect to the Helm repository. Defaults to no credentials. Also set `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_USERNAME`. |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_MODSECURITY_SEC_RULE_ENGINE` | From GitLab 12.5, used in combination with [Modsecurity feature flag](../../user/clusters/applications.md#web-application-firewall-modsecurity) to toggle [Modsecurity's `SecRuleEngine`](https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/wiki/Reference-Manual-(v2.x)#SecRuleEngine) behavior. Defaults to `DetectionOnly`. |
| `BUILDPACK_URL` | Buildpack's full URL. Can point to either Git repositories or a tarball URL. For Git repositories, it is possible to point to a specific `ref`. For example `https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-ruby.git#v142`. |
| `CANARY_ENABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to define a [deploy policy for canary environments](#deploy-policy-for-canary-environments-premium). |
| `CANARY_PRODUCTION_REPLICAS` | Number of canary replicas to deploy for [Canary Deployments](../../user/project/canary_deployments.md) in the production environment. Takes precedence over `CANARY_REPLICAS`. Defaults to 1. |
| `CANARY_REPLICAS` | Number of canary replicas to deploy for [Canary Deployments](../../user/project/canary_deployments.md). Defaults to 1. |
| `HELM_RELEASE_NAME` | From GitLab 12.1, allows the `helm` release name to be overridden. Can be used to assign unique release names when deploying multiple projects to a single namespace. |
| `HELM_UPGRADE_VALUES_FILE` | From GitLab 12.6, allows the `helm upgrade` values file to be overridden. Defaults to `.gitlab/auto-deploy-values.yaml`. |
| `HELM_UPGRADE_EXTRA_ARGS` | From GitLab 11.11, allows extra arguments in `helm` commands when deploying the application. Note that using quotes will not prevent word splitting. **Tip:** you can use this variable to [customize the Auto Deploy Helm chart](#custom-helm-chart) by applying custom override values with `--values my-values.yaml`. |
| `INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE` | From GitLab 11.4, if present, can be used to enable an [incremental rollout](#incremental-rollout-to-production-premium) of your application for the production environment. Set to `manual` for manual deployment jobs or `timed` for automatic rollout deployments with a 5 minute delay each one. |
| `K8S_SECRET_*` | From GitLab 11.7, any variable prefixed with [`K8S_SECRET_`](#application-secret-variables) will be made available by Auto DevOps as environment variables to the deployed application. |
| `KUBE_INGRESS_BASE_DOMAIN` | From GitLab 11.8, can be used to set a domain per cluster. See [cluster domains](../../user/project/clusters/index.md#base-domain) for more information. |
| `PRODUCTION_REPLICAS` | Number of replicas to deploy in the production environment. Takes precedence over `REPLICAS` and defaults to 1. For zero downtime upgrades, set to 2 or greater. |
| `REPLICAS` | Number of replicas to deploy. Defaults to 1. |
| `ROLLOUT_RESOURCE_TYPE` | From GitLab 11.9, allows specification of the resource type being deployed when using a custom Helm chart. Default value is `deployment`. |
| `ROLLOUT_STATUS_DISABLED` | From GitLab 12.0, used to disable rollout status check because it doesn't support all resource types, for example, `cronjob`. |
| `STAGING_ENABLED` | From GitLab 10.8, used to define a [deploy policy for staging and production environments](#deploy-policy-for-staging-and-production-environments). |
| `DB_INITIALIZE` | From GitLab 11.4, used to specify the command to run to initialize the application's PostgreSQL database. Runs inside the application pod. |
| `DB_MIGRATE` | From GitLab 11.4, used to specify the command to run to migrate the application's PostgreSQL database. Runs inside the application pod. |
| `POSTGRES_ENABLED` | Whether PostgreSQL is enabled. Defaults to `"true"`. Set to `false` to disable the automatic deployment of PostgreSQL. |
| `POSTGRES_USER` | The PostgreSQL user. Defaults to `user`. Set it to use a custom username. |
| `POSTGRES_PASSWORD` | The PostgreSQL password. Defaults to `testing-password`. Set it to use a custom password. |
| `POSTGRES_DB` | The PostgreSQL database name. Defaults to the value of [`$CI_ENVIRONMENT_SLUG`](../../ci/variables/README.md#predefined-environment-variables). Set it to use a custom database name. |
| `POSTGRES_VERSION` | Tag for the [`postgres` Docker image](https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres) to use. Defaults to `9.6.2`. |
### Security tools
The following table lists variables related to security tools.
| `SAST_CONFIDENCE_LEVEL` | Minimum confidence level of security issues you want to be reported; `1` for Low, `2` for Medium, `3` for High. Defaults to `3`. |
### Disable jobs
The following table lists variables used to disable jobs.
| `CODE_QUALITY_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `codequality` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
| `CONTAINER_SCANNING_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `sast:container` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
| `DAST_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `dast` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
| `DEPENDENCY_SCANNING_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `dependency_scanning` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
| `LICENSE_MANAGEMENT_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `license_management` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
| `PERFORMANCE_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `performance` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
| `REVIEW_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `review` and the manual `review:stop` job. If the variable is present, these jobs will not be created. |
| `SAST_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `sast` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
| `TEST_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `test` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
### Application secret variables
> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/issues/49056) in GitLab 11.7.
Some applications need to define secret variables that are
accessible by the deployed application. Auto DevOps detects variables where the key starts with
`K8S_SECRET_` and make these prefixed variables available to the
deployed application, as environment variables.
To configure your application variables:
1. Go to your project's **Settings > CI/CD**, then expand the section
called **Variables**.
1. Create a CI Variable, ensuring the key is prefixed with
`K8S_SECRET_`. For example, you can create a variable with key
`K8S_SECRET_RAILS_MASTER_KEY`.
1. Run an Auto Devops pipeline either by manually creating a new
pipeline or by pushing a code change to GitLab.
Auto DevOps pipelines will take your application secret variables to
populate a Kubernetes secret. This secret is unique per environment.
When deploying your application, the secret is loaded as environment
variables in the container running the application. Following the
example above, you can see the secret below containing the
`RAILS_MASTER_KEY` variable.
```shell
$ kubectl get secret production-secret -n minimal-ruby-app-54 -o yaml
| review | `review/*` | `review.example.com` | `review/*` | The review cluster which will run all [Review Apps](../../ci/review_apps/index.md). `*` is a wildcard, which means it will be used by every environment name starting with `review/`. |
| staging | `staging` | `staging.example.com` | `staging` | (Optional) The staging cluster which will run the deployments of the staging environments. You need to [enable it first](#deploy-policy-for-staging-and-production-environments). |
| production | `production` | `example.com` | `production` | The production cluster which will run the deployments of the production environment. You can use [incremental rollouts](#incremental-rollout-to-production-premium). |
| staging | `staging` | `staging.example.com` | `staging` | (Optional) The staging cluster which will run the deployments of the staging environments. You need to [enable it first](customize.md#deploy-policy-for-staging-and-production-environments). |
| production | `production` | `example.com` | `production` | The production cluster which will run the deployments of the production environment. You can use [incremental rollouts](customize.md#incremental-rollout-to-production-premium). |
To add a different cluster for each environment:
...
...
@@ -358,607 +358,6 @@ and verifying that your app is deployed as a review app in the Kubernetes
cluster with the `review/*` environment scope. Similarly, you can check the
other environments.
## Customizing
While Auto DevOps provides great defaults to get you started, you can customize
almost everything to fit your needs; from custom [buildpacks](#custom-buildpacks),
to [`Dockerfile`s](#custom-dockerfile), [Helm charts](#custom-helm-chart), or
even copying the complete [CI/CD configuration](#customizing-gitlab-ciyml)
into your project to enable staging and canary deployments, and more.
### Custom buildpacks
If the automatic buildpack detection fails for your project, or if you want to
use a custom buildpack, you can override the buildpack(s) using a project variable
or a `.buildpacks` file in your project:
-**Project variable** - Create a project variable `BUILDPACK_URL` with the URL
of the buildpack to use.
-**`.buildpacks` file** - Add a file in your project's repo called `.buildpacks`
and add the URL of the buildpack to use on a line in the file. If you want to
use multiple buildpacks, you can enter them in, one on each line.
#### Multiple buildpacks
Using multiple buildpacks isn't fully supported by Auto DevOps because, when using the `.buildpacks`
file, Auto Test will not work.
The buildpack [heroku-buildpack-multi](https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-multi/),
which is used under the hood to parse the `.buildpacks` file, doesn't provide the necessary commands
`bin/test-compile` and `bin/test`.
If your goal is to use only a single custom buildpack, you should provide the project variable
`BUILDPACK_URL` instead.
### Custom `Dockerfile`
If your project has a `Dockerfile` in the root of the project repo, Auto DevOps
will build a Docker image based on the Dockerfile rather than using buildpacks.
This can be much faster and result in smaller images, especially if your
Dockerfile is based on [Alpine](https://hub.docker.com/_/alpine/).
### Passing arguments to `docker build`
Arguments can be passed to the `docker build` command using the
For example, to build a Docker image based on based on the `ruby:alpine`
instead of the default `ruby:latest`:
1. Set `AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_EXTRA_ARGS` to `--build-arg=RUBY_VERSION=alpine`.
1. Add the following to a custom `Dockerfile`:
```dockerfile
ARG RUBY_VERSION=latest
FROM ruby:$RUBY_VERSION
# ... put your stuff here
```
NOTE: **Note:**
Passing in complex values (newlines and spaces, for example) will likely
cause escaping issues due to the way this argument is used in Auto DevOps.
Consider using Base64 encoding of such values to avoid this problem.
CAUTION: **Warning:**
Avoid passing secrets as Docker build arguments if possible, as they may be
persisted in your image. See
[this discussion](https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/13490) for details.
### Passing secrets to `docker build`
> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/25514) in GitLab 12.3, but available in versions 11.9 and above.
CI environment variables can be passed as [build
secrets](https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/build_enhancements/#new-docker-build-secret-information) to the `docker build` command by listing them comma separated by name in the
`AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_FORWARDED_CI_VARIABLES` variable. For example, in order to forward the variables `CI_COMMIT_SHA` and `CI_ENVIRONMENT_NAME`, one would set `AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_FORWARDED_CI_VARIABLES` to `CI_COMMIT_SHA,CI_ENVIRONMENT_NAME`.
Unlike build arguments, these are not persisted by Docker in the final image
(though you can still persist them yourself, so **be careful**).
In projects:
- Without a `Dockerfile`, these are available automatically as environment
variables.
- With a `Dockerfile`, the following is required:
1. Activate the experimental `Dockerfile` syntax by adding the following
to the top of the file:
```dockerfile
# syntax = docker/dockerfile:experimental
```
1. To make secrets available in any `RUN $COMMAND` in the `Dockerfile`, mount
the secret file and source it prior to running `$COMMAND`:
```dockerfile
RUN --mount=type=secret,id=auto-devops-build-secrets . /run/secrets/auto-devops-build-secrets && $COMMAND
```
NOTE: **Note:**
When `AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_FORWARDED_CI_VARIABLES` is set, Auto DevOps
enables the experimental [Docker BuildKit](https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/build_enhancements/)
feature to use the `--secret` flag.
### Custom Helm Chart
Auto DevOps uses [Helm](https://helm.sh/) to deploy your application to Kubernetes.
You can override the Helm chart used by bundling up a chart into your project
repo or by specifying a project variable:
-**Bundled chart** - If your project has a `./chart` directory with a `Chart.yaml`
file in it, Auto DevOps will detect the chart and use it instead of the [default
This can be a great way to control exactly how your application is deployed.
-**Project variable** - Create a [project variable](../../ci/variables/README.md#gitlab-cicd-environment-variables)
`AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART` with the URL of a custom chart to use or create two project variables `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY` with the URL of a custom chart repository and `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART` with the path to the chart.
### Customize values for Helm Chart
> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/30628) in GitLab 12.6, `.gitlab/auto-deploy-values.yaml` will be used by default for Helm upgrades.
You can override the default values in the `values.yaml` file in the [default Helm chart](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/auto-deploy-app).
This can be achieved by either:
- Adding a file named `.gitlab/auto-deploy-values.yaml` to your repository. It will
be automatically used if found.
- Adding a file with a different name or path to the repository, and set the
`HELM_UPGRADE_VALUES_FILE`[environment variable](#environment-variables) with the path and name.
NOTE: **Note:**
For GitLab 12.5 and earlier, the `HELM_UPGRADE_EXTRA_ARGS` environment variable can be used to override the default chart values.
To do so, set `HELM_UPGRADE_EXTRA_ARGS` to `--values my-values.yaml`.
### Custom Helm chart per environment
You can specify the use of a custom Helm chart per environment by scoping the environment variable
to the desired environment. See [Limiting environment scopes of variables](../../ci/variables/README.md#limiting-environment-scopes-of-environment-variables).
### Customizing `.gitlab-ci.yml`
Auto DevOps is completely customizable because the [Auto DevOps template](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml):
- Is just an implementation of a [`.gitlab-ci.yml`](../../ci/yaml/README.md) file.
- Uses only features available to any implementation of `.gitlab-ci.yml`.
If you want to modify the CI/CD pipeline used by Auto DevOps, you can [`include`
the template](../../ci/yaml/README.md#includetemplate) and customize as
needed. To do this, add a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file to the root of your repository
containing the following:
```yml
include:
-template:Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml
```
Then add any extra changes you want. Your additions will be merged with the
[Auto DevOps template](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml) using the behaviour described for
[`include`](../../ci/yaml/README.md#include).
It is also possible to copy and paste the contents of the [Auto DevOps template](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml)
into your project and edit this as needed. You may prefer to do it
that way if you want to specifically remove any part of it.
### Customizing the Kubernetes namespace
> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/issues/27630) in GitLab 12.6.
For **non**-GitLab-managed clusters, the namespace can be customized using
For example, the following configuration overrides the namespace used for
`production` deployments:
```yaml
include:
-template:Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml
production:
environment:
kubernetes:
namespace:production
```
When deploying to a custom namespace with Auto DevOps, the service account
provided with the cluster needs at least the `edit` role within the namespace.
- If the service account can create namespaces, then the namespace can be created on-demand.
- Otherwise, the namespace must exist prior to deployment.
### Using components of Auto DevOps
If you only require a subset of the features offered by Auto DevOps, you can include
individual Auto DevOps jobs into your own `.gitlab-ci.yml`. Each component job relies
on a stage that should be defined in the `.gitlab-ci.yml` that includes the template.
For example, to make use of [Auto Build](stages.md#auto-build), you can add the following to
your `.gitlab-ci.yml`:
```yaml
stages:
-build
include:
-template:Jobs/Build.gitlab-ci.yml
```
Consult the [Auto DevOps template](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml) for information on available jobs.
### PostgreSQL database support
In order to support applications that require a database,
[PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org/) is provisioned by default. The credentials to access
the database are preconfigured, but can be customized by setting the associated
[variables](#environment-variables). These credentials can be used for defining a
| `ADDITIONAL_HOSTS` | Fully qualified domain names specified as a comma-separated list that are added to the Ingress hosts. |
| `<ENVIRONMENT>_ADDITIONAL_HOSTS` | For a specific environment, the fully qualified domain names specified as a comma-separated list that are added to the Ingress hosts. This takes precedence over `ADDITIONAL_HOSTS`. |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_CNB_ENABLED` | When set to a non-empty value and no `Dockerfile` is present, Auto Build builds your application using Cloud Native Buildpacks instead of Herokuish. [More details](stages.md#auto-build-using-cloud-native-buildpacks-beta). |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_EXTRA_ARGS` | Extra arguments to be passed to the `docker build` command. Note that using quotes will not prevent word splitting. [More details](#passing-arguments-to-docker-build). |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_BUILD_IMAGE_FORWARDED_CI_VARIABLES` | A [comma-separated list of CI variable names](#passing-secrets-to-docker-build) to be passed to the `docker build` command as secrets. |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART` | Helm Chart used to deploy your apps. Defaults to the one [provided by GitLab](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/auto-deploy-app). |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY` | Helm Chart repository used to search for charts. Defaults to `https://charts.gitlab.io`. |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_NAME` | From GitLab 11.11, used to set the name of the Helm repository. Defaults to `gitlab`. |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_USERNAME` | From GitLab 11.11, used to set a username to connect to the Helm repository. Defaults to no credentials. Also set `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_PASSWORD`. |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_PASSWORD` | From GitLab 11.11, used to set a password to connect to the Helm repository. Defaults to no credentials. Also set `AUTO_DEVOPS_CHART_REPOSITORY_USERNAME`. |
| `AUTO_DEVOPS_MODSECURITY_SEC_RULE_ENGINE` | From GitLab 12.5, used in combination with [Modsecurity feature flag](../../user/clusters/applications.md#web-application-firewall-modsecurity) to toggle [Modsecurity's `SecRuleEngine`](https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/wiki/Reference-Manual-(v2.x)#SecRuleEngine) behavior. Defaults to `DetectionOnly`. |
| `BUILDPACK_URL` | Buildpack's full URL. Can point to either Git repositories or a tarball URL. For Git repositories, it is possible to point to a specific `ref`. For example `https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-ruby.git#v142`. |
| `CANARY_ENABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to define a [deploy policy for canary environments](#deploy-policy-for-canary-environments-premium). |
| `CANARY_PRODUCTION_REPLICAS` | Number of canary replicas to deploy for [Canary Deployments](../../user/project/canary_deployments.md) in the production environment. Takes precedence over `CANARY_REPLICAS`. Defaults to 1. |
| `CANARY_REPLICAS` | Number of canary replicas to deploy for [Canary Deployments](../../user/project/canary_deployments.md). Defaults to 1. |
| `HELM_RELEASE_NAME` | From GitLab 12.1, allows the `helm` release name to be overridden. Can be used to assign unique release names when deploying multiple projects to a single namespace. |
| `HELM_UPGRADE_VALUES_FILE` | From GitLab 12.6, allows the `helm upgrade` values file to be overridden. Defaults to `.gitlab/auto-deploy-values.yaml`. |
| `HELM_UPGRADE_EXTRA_ARGS` | From GitLab 11.11, allows extra arguments in `helm` commands when deploying the application. Note that using quotes will not prevent word splitting. **Tip:** you can use this variable to [customize the Auto Deploy Helm chart](#custom-helm-chart) by applying custom override values with `--values my-values.yaml`. |
| `INCREMENTAL_ROLLOUT_MODE` | From GitLab 11.4, if present, can be used to enable an [incremental rollout](#incremental-rollout-to-production-premium) of your application for the production environment. Set to `manual` for manual deployment jobs or `timed` for automatic rollout deployments with a 5 minute delay each one. |
| `K8S_SECRET_*` | From GitLab 11.7, any variable prefixed with [`K8S_SECRET_`](#application-secret-variables) will be made available by Auto DevOps as environment variables to the deployed application. |
| `KUBE_INGRESS_BASE_DOMAIN` | From GitLab 11.8, can be used to set a domain per cluster. See [cluster domains](../../user/project/clusters/index.md#base-domain) for more information. |
| `PRODUCTION_REPLICAS` | Number of replicas to deploy in the production environment. Takes precedence over `REPLICAS` and defaults to 1. For zero downtime upgrades, set to 2 or greater. |
| `REPLICAS` | Number of replicas to deploy. Defaults to 1. |
| `ROLLOUT_RESOURCE_TYPE` | From GitLab 11.9, allows specification of the resource type being deployed when using a custom Helm chart. Default value is `deployment`. |
| `ROLLOUT_STATUS_DISABLED` | From GitLab 12.0, used to disable rollout status check because it doesn't support all resource types, for example, `cronjob`. |
| `STAGING_ENABLED` | From GitLab 10.8, used to define a [deploy policy for staging and production environments](#deploy-policy-for-staging-and-production-environments). |
| `DB_INITIALIZE` | From GitLab 11.4, used to specify the command to run to initialize the application's PostgreSQL database. Runs inside the application pod. |
| `DB_MIGRATE` | From GitLab 11.4, used to specify the command to run to migrate the application's PostgreSQL database. Runs inside the application pod. |
| `POSTGRES_ENABLED` | Whether PostgreSQL is enabled. Defaults to `"true"`. Set to `false` to disable the automatic deployment of PostgreSQL. |
| `POSTGRES_USER` | The PostgreSQL user. Defaults to `user`. Set it to use a custom username. |
| `POSTGRES_PASSWORD` | The PostgreSQL password. Defaults to `testing-password`. Set it to use a custom password. |
| `POSTGRES_DB` | The PostgreSQL database name. Defaults to the value of [`$CI_ENVIRONMENT_SLUG`](../../ci/variables/README.md#predefined-environment-variables). Set it to use a custom database name. |
| `POSTGRES_VERSION` | Tag for the [`postgres` Docker image](https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres) to use. Defaults to `9.6.2`. |
#### Security tools
The following table lists variables related to security tools.
| `SAST_CONFIDENCE_LEVEL` | Minimum confidence level of security issues you want to be reported; `1` for Low, `2` for Medium, `3` for High. Defaults to `3`. |
#### Disable jobs
The following table lists variables used to disable jobs.
| `CODE_QUALITY_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `codequality` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
| `CONTAINER_SCANNING_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `sast:container` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
| `DAST_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `dast` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
| `DEPENDENCY_SCANNING_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `dependency_scanning` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
| `LICENSE_MANAGEMENT_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `license_management` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
| `PERFORMANCE_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `performance` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
| `REVIEW_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `review` and the manual `review:stop` job. If the variable is present, these jobs will not be created. |
| `SAST_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `sast` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
| `TEST_DISABLED` | From GitLab 11.0, used to disable the `test` job. If the variable is present, the job will not be created. |
#### Application secret variables
> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/issues/49056) in GitLab 11.7.
Some applications need to define secret variables that are
accessible by the deployed application. Auto DevOps detects variables where the key starts with
`K8S_SECRET_` and make these prefixed variables available to the
deployed application, as environment variables.
To configure your application variables:
1. Go to your project's **Settings > CI/CD**, then expand the section
called **Variables**.
1. Create a CI Variable, ensuring the key is prefixed with
`K8S_SECRET_`. For example, you can create a variable with key
`K8S_SECRET_RAILS_MASTER_KEY`.
1. Run an Auto Devops pipeline either by manually creating a new
pipeline or by pushing a code change to GitLab.
Auto DevOps pipelines will take your application secret variables to
populate a Kubernetes secret. This secret is unique per environment.
When deploying your application, the secret is loaded as environment
variables in the container running the application. Following the
example above, you can see the secret below containing the
`RAILS_MASTER_KEY` variable.
```shell
$ kubectl get secret production-secret -n minimal-ruby-app-54 -o yaml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ If a project's repository contains a `Dockerfile` at its root, Auto Build will u
If you are also using Auto Review Apps and Auto Deploy and choose to provide
your own `Dockerfile`, make sure you expose your application to port
`5000` as this is the port assumed by the
[default Helm chart](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/auto-deploy-app). Alternatively you can override the default values by [customizing the Auto Deploy Helm chart](index.md#custom-helm-chart)
[default Helm chart](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/auto-deploy-app). Alternatively you can override the default values by [customizing the Auto Deploy Helm chart](customize.md#custom-helm-chart)
### Auto Build using Heroku buildpacks
...
...
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ Auto Test automatically runs the appropriate tests for your application using
buildpacks](https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/buildpacks) by analyzing
your project to detect the language and framework. Several languages and
frameworks are detected automatically, but if your language is not detected,
you may succeed with a [custom buildpack](index.md#custom-buildpacks). Check the
you may succeed with a [custom buildpack](customize.md#custom-buildpacks). Check the
@@ -265,8 +265,8 @@ Auto Deploy doesn't include deployments to staging or canary by default, but the
[Auto DevOps template](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Auto-DevOps.gitlab-ci.yml) contains job definitions for these tasks if you want to
enable them.
You can make use of [environment variables](index.md#environment-variables) to automatically
scale your pod replicas and to apply custom arguments to the Auto DevOps `helm upgrade` commands. This is an easy way to [customize the Auto Deploy Helm chart](index.md#custom-helm-chart).
You can make use of [environment variables](customize.md#environment-variables) to automatically
scale your pod replicas and to apply custom arguments to the Auto DevOps `helm upgrade` commands. This is an easy way to [customize the Auto Deploy Helm chart](customize.md#custom-helm-chart).
Apps are deployed using the
[auto-deploy-app](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/auto-deploy-app) chart with
...
...
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ including support for `Deployment` in the `extensions/v1beta1` version.
To use Auto Deploy on a Kubernetes 1.16+ cluster, you must:
1. Set the following in the [`.gitlab/auto-deploy-values.yaml` file](index.md#customize-values-for-helm-chart):
1. Set the following in the [`.gitlab/auto-deploy-values.yaml` file](customize.md#customize-values-for-helm-chart):
```yml
deploymentApiVersion:apps/v1
...
...
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ need to:
Once you have configured your worker to respond to health checks, run a Sidekiq
worker for your Rails application. You can enable workers by setting the
following in the [`.gitlab/auto-deploy-values.yaml` file](index.md#customize-values-for-helm-chart):
following in the [`.gitlab/auto-deploy-values.yaml` file](customize.md#customize-values-for-helm-chart):
@@ -367,8 +367,8 @@ the report JSON unless stated otherwise. Presence of optional fields depends on
| `vulnerabilities[].message` | A short text that describes the vulnerability, it may include occurrence's specific information. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].description` | A long text that describes the vulnerability. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].cve` | A fingerprint string value that represents a concrete occurrence of the vulnerability. It's used to determine whether two vulnerability occurrences are same or different. May not be 100% accurate. **This is NOT a [CVE](https://cve.mitre.org/)**. |
| `vulnerabilities[].severity` | How much the vulnerability impacts the software. Possible values: `Undefined` (an analyzer has not provided this info), `Info`, `Unknown`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Critical`. **Note:** Our current container scanning tool based on [klar](https://github.com/optiopay/klar) only provides the following levels: `Unknown`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Critical`. |
| `vulnerabilities[].confidence` | How reliable the vulnerability's assessment is. Possible values: `Undefined` (an analyzer has not provided this info), `Ignore`, `Unknown`, `Experimental`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Confirmed`. **Note:** Our current container scanning tool based on [klar](https://github.com/optiopay/klar) does not provide a confidence level, so this value is currently hardcoded to `Unknown`. |
| `vulnerabilities[].severity` | How much the vulnerability impacts the software. Possible values: `Undefined` (an analyzer has not provided this information), `Info`, `Unknown`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Critical`. **Note:** Our current container scanning tool based on [klar](https://github.com/optiopay/klar) only provides the following levels: `Unknown`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Critical`. |
| `vulnerabilities[].confidence` | How reliable the vulnerability's assessment is. Possible values: `Undefined` (an analyzer has not provided this information), `Ignore`, `Unknown`, `Experimental`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Confirmed`. **Note:** Our current container scanning tool based on [klar](https://github.com/optiopay/klar) does not provide a confidence level, so this value is currently hardcoded to `Unknown`. |
| `vulnerabilities[].solution` | Explanation of how to fix the vulnerability. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].scanner` | A node that describes the analyzer used to find this vulnerability. |
| `vulnerabilities[].scanner.id` | Id of the scanner as a snake_case string. |
@@ -365,8 +365,8 @@ the report JSON unless stated otherwise. Presence of optional fields depends on
| `vulnerabilities[].message` | A short text that describes the vulnerability, it may include occurrence's specific information. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].description` | A long text that describes the vulnerability. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].cve` | A fingerprint string value that represents a concrete occurrence of the vulnerability. It's used to determine whether two vulnerability occurrences are same or different. May not be 100% accurate. **This is NOT a [CVE](https://cve.mitre.org/)**. |
| `vulnerabilities[].severity` | How much the vulnerability impacts the software. Possible values: `Undefined` (an analyzer has not provided this info), `Info`, `Unknown`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Critical`. |
| `vulnerabilities[].confidence` | How reliable the vulnerability's assessment is. Possible values: `Undefined` (an analyzer has not provided this info), `Ignore`, `Unknown`, `Experimental`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Confirmed`. |
| `vulnerabilities[].severity` | How much the vulnerability impacts the software. Possible values: `Undefined` (an analyzer has not provided this information), `Info`, `Unknown`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Critical`. |
| `vulnerabilities[].confidence` | How reliable the vulnerability's assessment is. Possible values: `Undefined` (an analyzer has not provided this information), `Ignore`, `Unknown`, `Experimental`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Confirmed`. |
| `vulnerabilities[].solution` | Explanation of how to fix the vulnerability. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].scanner` | A node that describes the analyzer used to find this vulnerability. |
| `vulnerabilities[].scanner.id` | Id of the scanner as a snake_case string. |
@@ -443,8 +443,8 @@ the report JSON unless stated otherwise. Presence of optional fields depends on
| `vulnerabilities[].message` | A short text that describes the vulnerability, it may include the occurrence's specific information. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].description` | A long text that describes the vulnerability. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].cve` | A fingerprint string value that represents a concrete occurrence of the vulnerability. Is used to determine whether two vulnerability occurrences are same or different. May not be 100% accurate. **This is NOT a [CVE](https://cve.mitre.org/)**. |
| `vulnerabilities[].severity` | How much the vulnerability impacts the software. Possible values: `Undefined` (an analyzer has not provided this info), `Info`, `Unknown`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Critical`. |
| `vulnerabilities[].confidence` | How reliable the vulnerability's assessment is. Possible values: `Undefined` (an analyzer has not provided this info), `Ignore`, `Unknown`, `Experimental`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Confirmed`. |
| `vulnerabilities[].severity` | How much the vulnerability impacts the software. Possible values: `Undefined` (an analyzer has not provided this information), `Info`, `Unknown`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Critical`. |
| `vulnerabilities[].confidence` | How reliable the vulnerability's assessment is. Possible values: `Undefined` (an analyzer has not provided this information), `Ignore`, `Unknown`, `Experimental`, `Low`, `Medium`, `High`, `Confirmed`. |
| `vulnerabilities[].solution` | Explanation of how to fix the vulnerability. Optional. |
| `vulnerabilities[].scanner` | A node that describes the analyzer used to find this vulnerability. |
| `vulnerabilities[].scanner.id` | Id of the scanner as a snake_case string. |
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ when rendered within GitLab, may appear different depending on the OS and browse
Most emoji are natively supported on macOS, Windows, iOS, Android and will fallback to image-based emoji where there is lack of support.
NOTE: **Note:** On Linux, you can download [Noto Color Emoji](https://www.google.com/get/noto/help/emoji/)
to get full native emoji support. Ubuntu 18.04 (like many modern Linux distros) has
to get full native emoji support. Ubuntu 18.04 (like many modern Linux distributions) has
this font installed by default.
### Front matter
...
...
@@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@ GFM adheres to the Markdown specification in how [paragraphs and line breaks are
A paragraph is one or more consecutive lines of text, separated by one or
more blank lines (two newlines at the end of the first paragraph), as [explained above](#line-breaks).
If you need more control over line-breaks or soft returns, you can add a single line-break
If you need more control over line breaks or soft returns, you can add a single line break
by ending a line with a backslash, or two or more spaces. Two newlines in a row will create a new
paragraph, with a blank line in between:
...
...
@@ -1163,21 +1163,6 @@ Another line, this time ending with a backslash.\
A new line due to the previous backslash.
```
<!-- (Do *NOT* remove the two ending whitespaces in the third line) -->
<!-- (They are needed for the Markdown text to render correctly) -->
First paragraph.
Another line in the same paragraph.
A third line in the same paragraph, but this time ending with two spaces.
A new line directly under the first paragraph.
<!-- (Do *NOT* remove the two ending whitespaces in the second line) -->
<!-- (They are needed for the Markdown text to render correctly on docs.gitlab.com, the backslash works fine inside GitLab itself) -->
Second paragraph.
Another line, this time ending with a backslash.
A new line due to the previous backslash.
### Links
There are two ways to create links, inline-style and reference-style:
...
...
@@ -1406,7 +1391,7 @@ Example:
| header 1 | header 2 | header 3 |
| --- | ------ |---------:|
| cell 1 | cell 2 | cell 3 |
| cell 4 | cell 5 is longer | cell 6 is much longer than the others, but that's ok. It will eventually wrap the text when the cell is too large for the display size. |
| cell 4 | cell 5 is longer | cell 6 is much longer than the others, but that's okay. It will eventually wrap the text when the cell is too large for the display size. |
| cell 7 | | cell <br> 9 |
Additionally, you can choose the alignment of text within columns by adding colons (`:`)
