Optimise happy-path lookup for refs without slashes

Fetching all references for a repository uses SMEMBERS, which can be
quite slow. We need to fetch all references to resolve ambiguities in
certain edge cases. However, most references do not contain a slash, and
most repositories do not contain ambiguous references (where a tag is a
prefix of a branch or vice versa).

In those cases, we can trade two slow-ish Redis calls (SMEMBERS to get
all tags and branches) for a maximum of four much faster Redis calls,
because they are all GETs:

1. One for the feature flag (which will go away in future hopefully).
2. One to check if the repository has ambiguous refs.
3. One for checking membership of branch names.
4. One for checking membership of tag names (only if we didn't match a
   branch).

In the worst case - when the repository does not contain ambiguous refs
- we add those calls to the existing calls, but this should still not be
a huge amount of overhead in that case.

When the feature flag is disabled (which is the default), we're just
adding a single GET.

changelogs/unreleased/track-ambiguous-refs.yml

+---
+title: Speed up commit lists and file blob pages on repositories with huge amounts
+  of branches or tags
+merge_request: 38484
+author:
+type: performance

lib/extracts_ref.rb

@@ -60,6 +60,11 @@ module ExtractsRef
         id = [id, '/'].join
       end
 
+      first_path_segment, rest = id.split('/', 2)
+
+      if use_first_path_segment?(first_path_segment)
+        pair = [first_path_segment, rest]
+      else
         valid_refs = ref_names.select { |v| id.start_with?("#{v}/") }
 
         if valid_refs.empty?
@@ -74,6 +79,7 @@ module ExtractsRef
           pair = id.partition(best_match)[1..-1]
         end
       end
+    end
 
     [
       pair[0].strip,
@@ -111,6 +117,15 @@ module ExtractsRef
 
   private
 
+  def use_first_path_segment?(ref)
+    return false unless ::Feature.enabled?(:extracts_path_optimization)
+    return false unless repository_container
+    return false if repository_container.repository.has_ambiguous_refs?
+
+    repository_container.repository.branch_names_include?(ref) ||
+      repository_container.repository.tag_names_include?(ref)
+  end
+
   # overridden in subclasses, do not remove
   def get_id
     id = [params[:id] || params[:ref]]

spec/models/repository_spec.rb

@@ -1953,7 +1953,8 @@ RSpec.describe Repository do
         :issue_template_names,
         :merge_request_template_names,
         :user_defined_metrics_dashboard_paths,
-        :xcode_project?
+        :xcode_project?,
+        :has_ambiguous_refs?
       ])
 
       repository.after_change_head

spec/support/shared_examples/path_extraction_shared_examples.rb

@@ -125,6 +125,56 @@ RSpec.shared_examples 'extracts refs' do
         expect(extract_ref('release/app/v1.0.0/README.md')).to eq(
           ['release/app/v1.0.0', 'README.md'])
       end
+
+      context 'when the repository does not have ambiguous refs' do
+        before do
+          allow(container.repository).to receive(:has_ambiguous_refs?).and_return(false)
+        end
+
+        it 'does not fetch all ref names when the first path component is a ref' do
+          expect(self).not_to receive(:ref_names)
+          expect(container.repository).to receive(:branch_names_include?).with('v1.0.0').and_return(false)
+          expect(container.repository).to receive(:tag_names_include?).with('v1.0.0').and_return(true)
+
+          expect(extract_ref('v1.0.0/doc/README.md')).to eq(['v1.0.0', 'doc/README.md'])
+        end
+
+        it 'fetches all ref names when the first path component is not a ref' do
+          expect(self).to receive(:ref_names).and_call_original
+          expect(container.repository).to receive(:branch_names_include?).with('release').and_return(false)
+          expect(container.repository).to receive(:tag_names_include?).with('release').and_return(false)
+
+          expect(extract_ref('release/app/doc/README.md')).to eq(['release/app', 'doc/README.md'])
+        end
+
+        context 'when the extracts_path_optimization feature flag is disabled' do
+          before do
+            stub_feature_flags(extracts_path_optimization: false)
+          end
+
+          it 'always fetches all ref names' do
+            expect(self).to receive(:ref_names).and_call_original
+            expect(container.repository).not_to receive(:branch_names_include?)
+            expect(container.repository).not_to receive(:tag_names_include?)
+
+            expect(extract_ref('v1.0.0/doc/README.md')).to eq(['v1.0.0', 'doc/README.md'])
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when the repository has ambiguous refs' do
+        before do
+          allow(container.repository).to receive(:has_ambiguous_refs?).and_return(true)
+        end
+
+        it 'always fetches all ref names' do
+          expect(self).to receive(:ref_names).and_call_original
+          expect(container.repository).not_to receive(:branch_names_include?)
+          expect(container.repository).not_to receive(:tag_names_include?)
+
+          expect(extract_ref('v1.0.0/doc/README.md')).to eq(['v1.0.0', 'doc/README.md'])
+        end
+      end
     end
   end
 end