Rewrite the query to retrieve job artifacts using CTE

ee/app/models/geo/fdw/geo_node.rb

@@ -29,7 +29,20 @@ module Geo
       def job_artifacts
         Geo::Fdw::Ci::JobArtifact.all unless selective_sync?
 
-        Geo::Fdw::Ci::JobArtifact.project_id_in(projects)
+        query = Geo::Fdw::Ci::JobArtifact.project_id_in(projects).select(:id)
+        cte = Gitlab::SQL::CTE.new(:restricted_job_artifacts, query)
+        fdw_job_artifact_table = Geo::Fdw::Ci::JobArtifact.arel_table
+
+        inner_join_restricted_job_artifacts =
+          cte.table
+            .join(fdw_job_artifact_table, Arel::Nodes::InnerJoin)
+            .on(cte.table[:id].eq(fdw_job_artifact_table[:id]))
+            .join_sources
+
+        Geo::Fdw::Ci::JobArtifact
+          .with(cte.to_arel)
+          .from(cte.table)
+          .joins(inner_join_restricted_job_artifacts)
       end
 
       def lfs_objects