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  1. 27 May, 2020 15 commits
  3. 20 May, 2020 2 commits
  5. 19 May, 2020 8 commits
    • Thomas Gleixner's avatar
      x86/kvm: Restrict ASYNC_PF to user space · 3a7c8faf
      Thomas Gleixner authored 
      The async page fault injection into kernel space creates more problems than
it solves. The host has absolutely no knowledge about the state of the
guest if the fault happens in CPL0. The only restriction for the host is
interrupt disabled state. If interrupts are enabled in the guest then the
exception can hit arbitrary code. The HALT based wait in non-preemotible
code is a hacky replacement for a proper hypercall.

For the ongoing work to restrict instrumentation and make the RCU idle
interaction well defined the required extra work for supporting async
pagefault in CPL0 is just not justified and creates complexity for a
dubious benefit.

The CPL3 injection is well defined and does not cause any issues as it is
more or less the same as a regular page fault from CPL3.
Suggested-by: default avatarAndy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: default avatarAlexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: default avatarPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Acked-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134059.369802541@linutronix.de
      3a7c8faf
    • Thomas Gleixner's avatar
      x86/kvm: Sanitize kvm_async_pf_task_wait() · 6bca69ad
      Thomas Gleixner authored 
      While working on the entry consolidation I stumbled over the KVM async page
fault handler and kvm_async_pf_task_wait() in particular. It took me a
while to realize that the randomly sprinkled around rcu_irq_enter()/exit()
invocations are just cargo cult programming. Several patches "fixed" RCU
splats by curing the symptoms without noticing that the code is flawed 
from a design perspective.

The main problem is that this async injection is not based on a proper
handshake mechanism and only respects the minimal requirement, i.e. the
guest is not in a state where it has interrupts disabled.

Aside of that the actual code is a convoluted one fits it all swiss army
knife. It is invoked from different places with different RCU constraints:

  1) Host side:

     vcpu_enter_guest()
       kvm_x86_ops->handle_exit()
         kvm_handle_page_fault()
           kvm_async_pf_task_wait()

     The invocation happens from fully preemptible context.

  2) Guest side:

     The async page fault interrupted:

         a) user space

	 b) preemptible kernel code which is not in a RCU read side
	    critical section

     	 c) non-preemtible kernel code or a RCU read side critical section
	    or kernel code with CONFIG_PREEMPTION=n which allows not to
	    differentiate between #2b and #2c.

RCU is watching for:

  #1  The vCPU exited and current is definitely not the idle task

  #2a The #PF entry code on the guest went through enter_from_user_mode()
      which reactivates RCU

  #2b There is no preemptible, interrupts enabled code in the kernel
      which can run with RCU looking away. (The idle task is always
      non preemptible).

I.e. all schedulable states (#1, #2a, #2b) do not need any of this RCU
voodoo at all.

In #2c RCU is eventually not watching, but as that state cannot schedule
anyway there is no point to worry about it so it has to invoke
rcu_irq_enter() before running that code. This can be optimized, but this
will be done as an extra step in course of the entry code consolidation
work.

So the proper solution for this is to:

  - Split kvm_async_pf_task_wait() into schedule and halt based waiting
    interfaces which share the enqueueing code.

  - Add comments (condensed form of this changelog) to spare others the
    time waste and pain of reverse engineering all of this with the help of
    uncomprehensible changelogs and code history.

  - Invoke kvm_async_pf_task_wait_schedule() from kvm_handle_page_fault(),
    user mode and schedulable kernel side async page faults (#1, #2a, #2b)

  - Invoke kvm_async_pf_task_wait_halt() for the non schedulable kernel
    case (#2c).

    For this case also remove the rcu_irq_exit()/enter() pair around the
    halt as it is just a pointless exercise:

       - vCPUs can VMEXIT at any random point and can be scheduled out for
         an arbitrary amount of time by the host and this is not any
         different except that it voluntary triggers the exit via halt.

       - The interrupted context could have RCU watching already. So the
	 rcu_irq_exit() before the halt is not gaining anything aside of
	 confusing the reader. Claiming that this might prevent RCU stalls
	 is just an illusion.
Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: default avatarAlexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: default avatarPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Acked-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134059.262701431@linutronix.de
      6bca69ad
    • Andy Lutomirski's avatar
      x86/kvm: Handle async page faults directly through do_page_fault() · ef68017e
      Andy Lutomirski authored 
      KVM overloads #PF to indicate two types of not-actually-page-fault
events.  Right now, the KVM guest code intercepts them by modifying
the IDT and hooking the #PF vector.  This makes the already fragile
fault code even harder to understand, and it also pollutes call
traces with async_page_fault and do_async_page_fault for normal page
faults.

Clean it up by moving the logic into do_page_fault() using a static
branch.  This gets rid of the platform trap_init override mechanism
completely.

[ tglx: Fixed up 32bit, removed error code from the async functions and
  	massaged coding style ]
Signed-off-by: default avatarAndy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: default avatarAlexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: default avatarPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Acked-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134059.169270470@linutronix.de
      ef68017e
    • Thomas Gleixner's avatar
      context_tracking: Make guest_enter/exit() .noinstr ready · af1e56b7
      Thomas Gleixner authored 
      Force inlining of the helpers and mark the instrumentable parts
accordingly.
Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: default avatarAlexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134341.672545766@linutronix.de
      af1e56b7
    • Peter Zijlstra's avatar
      lockdep: Prepare for noinstr sections · c86e9b98
      Peter Zijlstra authored 
      Force inlining and prevent instrumentation of all sorts by marking the
functions which are invoked from low level entry code with 'noinstr'.

Split the irqflags tracking into two parts. One which does the heavy
lifting while RCU is watching and the final one which can be invoked after
RCU is turned off.
Signed-off-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: default avatarAlexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134100.484532537@linutronix.de
      c86e9b98
    • Thomas Gleixner's avatar
      tracing: Provide lockdep less trace_hardirqs_on/off() variants · 0995a5df
      Thomas Gleixner authored 
      trace_hardirqs_on/off() is only partially safe vs. RCU idle. The tracer
core itself is safe, but the resulting tracepoints can be utilized by
e.g. BPF which is unsafe.

Provide variants which do not contain the lockdep invocation so the lockdep
and tracer invocations can be split at the call site and placed
properly. This is required because lockdep needs to be aware of the state
before switching away from RCU idle and after switching to RCU idle because
these transitions can take locks.

As these code pathes are going to be non-instrumentable the tracer can be
invoked after RCU is turned on and before the switch to RCU idle. So for
these new variants there is no need to invoke the rcuidle aware tracer
functions.

Name them so they match the lockdep counterparts.
Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: default avatarAlexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134100.270771162@linutronix.de
      0995a5df
    • Thomas Gleixner's avatar
      vmlinux.lds.h: Create section for protection against instrumentation · 65538966
      Thomas Gleixner authored 
      Some code pathes, especially the low level entry code, must be protected
against instrumentation for various reasons:

 - Low level entry code can be a fragile beast, especially on x86.

 - With NO_HZ_FULL RCU state needs to be established before using it.

Having a dedicated section for such code allows to validate with tooling
that no unsafe functions are invoked.

Add the .noinstr.text section and the noinstr attribute to mark
functions. noinstr implies notrace. Kprobes will gain a section check
later.

Provide also a set of markers: instrumentation_begin()/end()

These are used to mark code inside a noinstr function which calls
into regular instrumentable text section as safe.

The instrumentation markers are only active when CONFIG_DEBUG_ENTRY is
enabled as the end marker emits a NOP to prevent the compiler from merging
the annotation points. This means the objtool verification requires a
kernel compiled with this option.
Signed-off-by: default avatarThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: default avatarAlexandre Chartre <alexandre.chartre@oracle.com>
Acked-by: default avatarPeter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200505134100.075416272@linutronix.de
      65538966
    • Paolo Bonzini's avatar
      KVM: x86: only do L1TF workaround on affected processors · d43e2675
      Paolo Bonzini authored 
      KVM stores the gfn in MMIO SPTEs as a caching optimization.  These are split
in two parts, as in "[high 11111 low]", to thwart any attempt to use these bits
in an L1TF attack.  This works as long as there are 5 free bits between
MAXPHYADDR and bit 50 (inclusive), leaving bit 51 free so that the MMIO
access triggers a reserved-bit-set page fault.

The bit positions however were computed wrongly for AMD processors that have
encryption support.  In this case, x86_phys_bits is reduced (for example
from 48 to 43, to account for the C bit at position 47 and four bits used
internally to store the SEV ASID and other stuff) while x86_cache_bits in
would remain set to 48, and _all_ bits between the reduced MAXPHYADDR
and bit 51 are set.  Then low_phys_bits would also cover some of the
bits that are set in the shadow_mmio_value, terribly confusing the gfn
caching mechanism.

To fix this, avoid splitting gfns as long as the processor does not have
the L1TF bug (which includes all AMD processors).  When there is no
splitting, low_phys_bits can be set to the reduced MAXPHYADDR removing
the overlap.  This fixes "npt=0" operation on EPYC processors.

Thanks to Maxim Levitsky for bisecting this bug.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 52918ed5 ("KVM: SVM: Override default MMIO mask if memory encryption is enabled")
Signed-off-by: default avatarPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
      d43e2675
  7. 15 May, 2020 15 commits
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