Binding the grace-period kthreads to the timekeeping CPU resulted in
significant performance decreases for some workloads.  For more detail,
see:

https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/6/3/395 for benchmark numbers

https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/6/4/218 for CPU statistics

It turns out that it is necessary to bind the grace-period kthreads
to the timekeeping CPU only when all but CPU 0 is a nohz_full CPU
on the one hand or if CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL_SYSIDLE=y on the other.
In other cases, it suffices to bind the grace-period kthreads to the
set of non-nohz_full CPUs.

This commit therefore creates a tick_nohz_not_full_mask that is the
complement of tick_nohz_full_mask, and then binds the grace-period
kthread to the set of CPUs indicated by this new mask, which covers
the CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL_SYSIDLE=n case.  The CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL_SYSIDLE=y
case still binds the grace-period kthreads to the timekeeping CPU.
This commit also includes the tick_nohz_full_enabled() check suggested
by Frederic Weisbecker.
Reported-by: Jet Chen <jet.chen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Created housekeeping_affine() and housekeeping_mask per
  fweisbec feedback. ]

RCU priority boosting currently checks for boosting via a pointer in
task_struct.  However, this is not needed: As Oleg noted, if the
rt_mutex is placed in the rcu_node instead of on the booster's stack,
the boostee can simply check it see if it owns the lock.  This commit
makes this change, shrinking task_struct by one pointer and the kernel
by thirteen lines.
Suggested-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

The rcu_start_future_gp() function checks the current rcu_node's ->gpnum
and ->completed twice, once without ACCESS_ONCE() and once with it.
Which is pointless because we hold that rcu_node's ->lock at that point.
The intent was to check the current rcu_node structure and the root
rcu_node structure, the latter locklessly with ACCESS_ONCE().  This
commit therefore makes that change.

The reason that it is safe to locklessly check the root rcu_nodes's
->gpnum and ->completed fields is that we hold the current rcu_node's
->lock, which constrains the root rcu_node's ability to change its
->gpnum and ->completed fields.  Of course, if there is a single rcu_node
structure, then rnp_root==rnp, and holding the lock prevents all changes.
If there is more than one rcu_node structure, then the code updates the
fields in the following order:

1.	Increment rnp_root->gpnum to start new grace period.
2.	Increment rnp->gpnum to initialize the current rcu_node,
	continuing initialization for the new grace period.
3.	Increment rnp_root->completed to end the current grace period.
4.	Increment rnp->completed to continue cleaning up after the
	old grace period.

So there are four possible combinations of relative values of these
four fields:

N   N   N   N:  RCU idle, new grace period must be initiated.
		Although rnp_root->gpnum might be incremented immediately
		after we check, that will just result in unnecessary work.
		The grace period already started, and we try to start it.

N+1 N   N   N:  RCU grace period just started.  No further change is
		possible because we hold rnp->lock, so the checks of
		rnp_root->gpnum and rnp_root->completed are stable.
		We know that our request for a future grace period will
		be seen during grace-period cleanup.

N+1 N   N+1 N:  RCU grace period is ongoing.  Because rnp->gpnum is
		different than rnp->completed, we won't even look at
		rnp_root->gpnum and rnp_root->completed, so the possible
		concurrent change to rnp_root->completed does not matter.
		We know that our request for a future grace period will
		be seen during grace-period cleanup, which cannot pass
		this rcu_node because we hold its ->lock.

N+1 N+1 N+1 N:  RCU grace period has ended, but not yet been cleaned up.
		Because rnp->gpnum is different than rnp->completed, we
		won't look at rnp_root->gpnum and rnp_root->completed, so
		the possible concurrent change to rnp_root->completed does
		not matter.  We know that our request for a future grace
		period will be seen during grace-period cleanup, which
		cannot pass this rcu_node because we hold its ->lock.

Therefore, despite initial appearances, the lockless check is safe.
Signed-off-by: Pranith Kumar <bobby.prani@gmail.com>
[ paulmck: Update comment to say why the lockless check is safe. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

The current approach to RCU priority boosting uses an rt_mutex strictly
for its priority-boosting side effects.  The rt_mutex_init_proxy_locked()
function is used by the booster to initialize the lock as held by the
boostee.  The booster then uses rt_mutex_lock() to acquire this rt_mutex,
which priority-boosts the boostee.  When the boostee reaches the end
of its outermost RCU read-side critical section, it checks a field in
its task structure to see whether it has been boosted, and, if so, uses
rt_mutex_unlock() to release the rt_mutex.  The booster can then go on
to boost the next task that is blocking the current RCU grace period.

But reasonable implementations of rt_mutex_unlock() might result in the
boostee referencing the rt_mutex's data after releasing it.  But the
booster might have re-initialized the rt_mutex between the time that the
boostee released it and the time that it later referenced it.  This is
clearly asking for trouble, so this commit introduces a completion that
forces the booster to wait until the boostee has completely finished with
the rt_mutex, thus avoiding the case where the booster is re-initializing
the rt_mutex before the last boostee's last reference to that rt_mutex.

This of course does introduce some overhead, but the priority-boosting
code paths are miles from any possible fastpath, and the overhead of
executing the completion will normally be quite small compared to the
overhead of priority boosting and deboosting, so this should be OK.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

The m68k architecture aligns only to 16-bit boundaries, which can cause
the align-to-32-bits check in __call_rcu() to trigger.  Because there is
currently no known potential need for more than one low-order bit, this
commit loosens the check to 16-bit boundaries.
Reported-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@uclinux.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>

RCU contains code of the following forms:

	ACCESS_ONCE(x)++;
	ACCESS_ONCE(x) += y;
	ACCESS_ONCE(x) -= y;

Now these constructs do operate correctly, but they really result in a
pair of volatile accesses, one to do the load and another to do the store.
This can be confusing, as the casual reader might well assume that (for
example) gcc might generate a memory-to-memory add instruction for each
of these three cases.  In fact, gcc will do no such thing.  Also, there
is a good chance that the kernel will move to separate load and store
variants of ACCESS_ONCE(), and constructs like the above could easily
confuse both people and scripts attempting to make that sort of change.
Finally, most of RCU's read-modify-write uses of ACCESS_ONCE() really
only need the store to be volatile, so that the read-modify-write form
might be misleading.

This commit therefore changes the above forms in RCU so that each instance
of ACCESS_ONCE() either does a load or a store, but not both.  In a few
cases, ACCESS_ONCE() was not critical, for example, for maintaining
statisitics.  In these cases, ACCESS_ONCE() has been dispensed with
entirely.
Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

In kernels built with CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL, tick_do_timer_cpu is constant
once boot completes.  Thus, there is no need to wrap it in ACCESS_ONCE()
in code that is built only when CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL.  This commit therefore
removes the redundant ACCESS_ONCE().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>

Those two arrays are being passed to lockdep_init_map(), which expects
const char *, and are stored in lockdep_map the same way.

Cc: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

The explicit local_irq_save() in __lock_task_sighand() is needed to avoid
a potential deadlock condition, as noted in a841796f (signal:
align __lock_task_sighand() irq disabling and RCU).  However, someone
reading the code might be forgiven for concluding that this separate
local_irq_save() was completely unnecessary.  This commit therefore adds
a comment referencing the shiny new block comment on rcu_read_unlock().
Reported-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>

Reported-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>

Commit ac1bea85 (Make cond_resched() report RCU quiescent states)
fixed a problem where a CPU looping in the kernel with but one runnable
task would give RCU CPU stall warnings, even if the in-kernel loop
contained cond_resched() calls.  Unfortunately, in so doing, it introduced
performance regressions in Anton Blanchard's will-it-scale "open1" test.
The problem appears to be not so much the increased cond_resched() path
length as an increase in the rate at which grace periods complete, which
increased per-update grace-period overhead.

This commit takes a different approach to fixing this bug, mainly by
moving the RCU-visible quiescent state from cond_resched() to
rcu_note_context_switch(), and by further reducing the check to a
simple non-zero test of a single per-CPU variable.  However, this
approach requires that the force-quiescent-state processing send
resched IPIs to the offending CPUs.  These will be sent only once
the grace period has reached an age specified by the boot/sysfs
parameter rcutree.jiffies_till_sched_qs, or once the grace period
reaches an age halfway to the point at which RCU CPU stall warnings
will be emitted, whichever comes first.
Reported-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
[ paulmck: Made rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle() as suggested by the
  ktest build robot.  Also fixed smp_mb() comment as noted by
  Oleg Nesterov. ]

Merge with e552592e (Reduce overhead of cond_resched() checks for RCU)
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>

Currently, call_rcu() relies on implicit allocation and initialization
for the debug-objects handling of RCU callbacks.  If you hammer the
kernel hard enough with Sasha's modified version of trinity, you can end
up with the sl*b allocators recursing into themselves via this implicit
call_rcu() allocation.

This commit therefore exports the debug_init_rcu_head() and
debug_rcu_head_free() functions, which permits the allocators to allocated
and pre-initialize the debug-objects information, so that there no longer
any need for call_rcu() to do that initialization, which in turn prevents
the recursion into the memory allocators.
Reported-by: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Looks-good-to: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>

Pull networking fixes from David Miller:

 1) Fix checksumming regressions, from Tom Herbert.

 2) Undo unintentional permissions changes for SCTP rto_alpha and
    rto_beta sysfs knobs, from Denial Borkmann.

 3) VXLAN, like other IP tunnels, should advertize it's encapsulation
    size using dev->needed_headroom instead of dev->hard_header_len.
    From Cong Wang.

* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net:
  net: sctp: fix permissions for rto_alpha and rto_beta knobs
  vxlan: Checksum fixes
  net: add skb_pop_rcv_encapsulation
  udp: call __skb_checksum_complete when doing full checksum
  net: Fix save software checksum complete
  net: Fix GSO constants to match NETIF flags
  udp: ipv4: do not waste time in __udp4_lib_mcast_demux_lookup
  vxlan: use dev->needed_headroom instead of dev->hard_header_len
  MAINTAINERS: update cxgb4 maintainer

Pull more clock framework updates from Mike Turquette:
 "This contains the second half the of the clk changes for 3.16.

  They are simply fixes and code refactoring for the OMAP clock drivers.
  The sunxi clock driver changes include splitting out the one
  mega-driver into several smaller pieces and adding support for the A31
  SoC clocks"

* tag 'clk-for-linus-3.16-part2' of git://git.linaro.org/people/mike.turquette/linux: (25 commits)
  clk: sunxi: document PRCM clock compatible strings
  clk: sunxi: add PRCM (Power/Reset/Clock Management) clks support
  clk: sun6i: Protect SDRAM gating bit
  clk: sun6i: Protect CPU clock
  clk: sunxi: Rework clock protection code
  clk: sunxi: Move the GMAC clock to a file of its own
  clk: sunxi: Move the 24M oscillator to a file of its own
  clk: sunxi: Remove calls to clk_put
  clk: sunxi: document new A31 USB clock compatible
  clk: sunxi: Implement A31 USB clock
  ARM: dts: OMAP5/DRA7: use omap5-mpu-dpll-clock capable of dealing with higher frequencies
  CLK: TI: dpll: support OMAP5 MPU DPLL that need special handling for higher frequencies
  ARM: OMAP5+: dpll: support Duty Cycle Correction(DCC)
  CLK: TI: clk-54xx: Set the rate for dpll_abe_m2x2_ck
  CLK: TI: Driver for DRA7 ATL (Audio Tracking Logic)
  dt:/bindings: DRA7 ATL (Audio Tracking Logic) clock bindings
  ARM: dts: dra7xx-clocks: Correct name for atl clkin3 clock
  CLK: TI: gate: add composite interface clock to OMAP2 only build
  ARM: OMAP2: clock: add DT boot support for cpufreq_ck
  CLK: TI: OMAP2: add clock init support
  ...

Pull NVMe update from Matthew Wilcox:
 "Mostly bugfixes again for the NVMe driver.  I'd like to call out the
  exported tracepoint in the block layer; I believe Keith has cleared
  this with Jens.

  We've had a few reports from people who're really pounding on NVMe
  devices at scale, hence the timeout changes (and new module
  parameters), hotplug cpu deadlock, tracepoints, and minor performance
  tweaks"

[ Jens hadn't seen that tracepoint thing, but is ok with it - it will
  end up going away when mq conversion happens ]

* git://git.infradead.org/users/willy/linux-nvme: (22 commits)
  NVMe: Fix START_STOP_UNIT Scsi->NVMe translation.
  NVMe: Use Log Page constants in SCSI emulation
  NVMe: Define Log Page constants
  NVMe: Fix hot cpu notification dead lock
  NVMe: Rename io_timeout to nvme_io_timeout
  NVMe: Use last bytes of f/w rev SCSI Inquiry
  NVMe: Adhere to request queue block accounting enable/disable
  NVMe: Fix nvme get/put queue semantics
  NVMe: Delete NVME_GET_FEAT_TEMP_THRESH
  NVMe: Make admin timeout a module parameter
  NVMe: Make iod bio timeout a parameter
  NVMe: Prevent possible NULL pointer dereference
  NVMe: Fix the buffer size passed in GetLogPage(CDW10.NUMD)
  NVMe: Update data structures for NVMe 1.2
  NVMe: Enable BUILD_BUG_ON checks
  NVMe: Update namespace and controller identify structures to the 1.1a spec
  NVMe: Flush with data support
  NVMe: Configure support for block flush
  NVMe: Add tracepoints
  NVMe: Protect against badly formatted CQEs
  ...

Commit 3fd091e7 ("[SCTP]: Remove multiple levels of msecs
to jiffies conversions.") has silently changed permissions for
rto_alpha and rto_beta knobs from 0644 to 0444. The purpose of
this was to discourage users from tweaking rto_alpha and
rto_beta knobs in production environments since they are key
to correctly compute rtt/srtt.

RFC4960 under section 6.3.1. RTO Calculation says regarding
rto_alpha and rto_beta under rule C3 and C4:

  [...]
  C3)  When a new RTT measurement R' is made, set

       RTTVAR <- (1 - RTO.Beta) * RTTVAR + RTO.Beta * |SRTT - R'|

       and

       SRTT <- (1 - RTO.Alpha) * SRTT + RTO.Alpha * R'

       Note: The value of SRTT used in the update to RTTVAR
       is its value before updating SRTT itself using the
       second assignment. After the computation, update
       RTO <- SRTT + 4 * RTTVAR.

  C4)  When data is in flight and when allowed by rule C5
       below, a new RTT measurement MUST be made each round
       trip. Furthermore, new RTT measurements SHOULD be
       made no more than once per round trip for a given
       destination transport address. There are two reasons
       for this recommendation: First, it appears that
       measuring more frequently often does not in practice
       yield any significant benefit [ALLMAN99]; second,
       if measurements are made more often, then the values
       of RTO.Alpha and RTO.Beta in rule C3 above should be
       adjusted so that SRTT and RTTVAR still adjust to
       changes at roughly the same rate (in terms of how many
       round trips it takes them to reflect new values) as
       they would if making only one measurement per
       round-trip and using RTO.Alpha and RTO.Beta as given
       in rule C3. However, the exact nature of these
       adjustments remains a research issue.
  [...]

While it is discouraged to adjust rto_alpha and rto_beta
and not further specified how to adjust them, the RFC also
doesn't explicitly forbid it, but rather gives a RECOMMENDED
default value (rto_alpha=3, rto_beta=2). We have a couple
of users relying on the old permissions before they got
changed. That said, if someone really has the urge to adjust
them, we could allow it with a warning in the log.

Fixes: 3fd091e7 ("[SCTP]: Remove multiple levels of msecs to jiffies conversions.")
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Cc: Vlad Yasevich <vyasevich@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Tom Herbert says:

====================
Fixes related to some recent checksum modifications.

- Fix GSO constants to match NETIF flags
- Fix logic in saving checksum complete in __skb_checksum_complete
- Call __skb_checksum_complete from UDP if we are checksumming over
  whole packet in order to save checksum.
- Fixes to VXLAN to work correctly with checksum complete
====================
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Call skb_pop_rcv_encapsulation and postpull_rcsum for the Ethernet
header to work properly with checksum complete.
Signed-off-by: Tom Herbert <therbert@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

This function is used by UDP encapsulation protocols in RX when
crossing encapsulation boundary. If ip_summed is set to
CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY and encapsulation is not set, change to
CHECKSUM_NONE since the checksum has not been validated within the
encapsulation. Clears csum_valid by the same rationale.
Signed-off-by: Tom Herbert <therbert@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

In __udp_lib_checksum_complete check if checksum is being done over all
the data (len is equal to skb->len) and if it is call
__skb_checksum_complete instead of __skb_checksum_complete_head. This
allows checksum to be saved in checksum complete.
Signed-off-by: Tom Herbert <therbert@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Geert reported issues regarding checksum complete and UDP.
The logic introduced in commit 7e3cead5
("net: Save software checksum complete") is not correct.

This patch:
1) Restores code in __skb_checksum_complete_header except for setting
   CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY. This function may be calculating checksum on
   something less than skb->len.
2) Adds saving checksum to __skb_checksum_complete. The full packet
   checksum 0..skb->len is calculated without adding in pseudo header.
   This value is saved in skb->csum and then the pseudo header is added
   to that to derive the checksum for validation.
3) In both __skb_checksum_complete_header and __skb_checksum_complete,
   set skb->csum_valid to whether checksum of zero was computed. This
   allows skb_csum_unnecessary to return true without changing to
   CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY which was done previously.
4) Copy new csum related bits in __copy_skb_header.
Reported-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Tom Herbert <therbert@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Joseph Gasparakis reported that VXLAN GSO offload stopped working with
i40e device after recent UDP changes. The problem is that the
SKB_GSO_* bits are out of sync with the corresponding NETIF flags. This
patch fixes that. Also, we add BUILD_BUG_ONs in net_gso_ok for several
GSO constants that were missing to avoid the problem in the future.
Reported-by: Joseph Gasparakis <joseph.gasparakis@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Tom Herbert <therbert@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Pull more SCSI updates from James Bottomley:
 "This is just a couple of drivers (hpsa and lpfc) that got left out for
  further testing in linux-next.  We also have one fix to a prior
  submission (qla2xxx sparse)"

* tag 'scsi-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi: (36 commits)
  qla2xxx: fix sparse warnings introduced by previous target mode t10-dif patch
  lpfc: Update lpfc version to driver version 10.2.8001.0
  lpfc: Fix ExpressLane priority setup
  lpfc: mark old devices as obsolete
  lpfc: Fix for initializing RRQ bitmap
  lpfc: Fix for cleaning up stale ring flag and sp_queue_event entries
  lpfc: Update lpfc version to driver version 10.2.8000.0
  lpfc: Update Copyright on changed files from 8.3.45 patches
  lpfc: Update Copyright on changed files
  lpfc: Fixed locking for scsi task management commands
  lpfc: Convert runtime references to old xlane cfg param to fof cfg param
  lpfc: Fix FW dump using sysfs
  lpfc: Fix SLI4 s abort loop to process all FCP rings and under ring_lock
  lpfc: Fixed kernel panic in lpfc_abort_handler
  lpfc: Fix locking for postbufq when freeing
  lpfc: Fix locking for lpfc_hba_down_post
  lpfc: Fix dynamic transitions of FirstBurst from on to off
  hpsa: fix handling of hpsa_volume_offline return value
  hpsa: return -ENOMEM not -1 on kzalloc failure in hpsa_get_device_id
  hpsa: remove messages about volume status VPD inquiry page not supported
  ...

Pull more btrfs updates from Chris Mason:
 "This has a few fixes since our last pull and a new ioctl for doing
  btree searches from userland.  It's very similar to the existing
  ioctl, but lets us return larger items back down to the app"

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mason/linux-btrfs:
  btrfs: fix error handling in create_pending_snapshot
  btrfs: fix use of uninit "ret" in end_extent_writepage()
  btrfs: free ulist in qgroup_shared_accounting() error path
  Btrfs: fix qgroups sanity test crash or hang
  btrfs: prevent RCU warning when dereferencing radix tree slot
  Btrfs: fix unfinished readahead thread for raid5/6 degraded mounting
  btrfs: new ioctl TREE_SEARCH_V2
  btrfs: tree_search, search_ioctl: direct copy to userspace
  btrfs: new function read_extent_buffer_to_user
  btrfs: tree_search, copy_to_sk: return needed size on EOVERFLOW
  btrfs: tree_search, copy_to_sk: return EOVERFLOW for too small buffer
  btrfs: tree_search, search_ioctl: accept varying buffer
  btrfs: tree_search: eliminate redundant nr_items check

Pull aio fix and cleanups from Ben LaHaise:
 "This consists of a couple of code cleanups plus a minor bug fix"

* git://git.kvack.org/~bcrl/aio-next:
  aio: cleanup: flatten kill_ioctx()
  aio: report error from io_destroy() when threads race in io_destroy()
  fs/aio.c: Remove ctx parameter in kiocb_cancel

Tetsuo Handa wrote:
 "Commit 62a8067a ("bio_vec-backed iov_iter") introduced an unnamed
  union inside a struct which gcc-4.4.7 cannot handle.  Name the unnamed
   union as u in order to fix build failure"

Let's do this instead: there is only one place in the entire tree that
steps into this breakage.  Anon structs and unions work in older gcc
versions; as the matter of fact, we have those in the tree - see e.g.
struct ieee80211_tx_info in include/net/mac80211.h

What doesn't work is handling their initializers:

struct {
	int a;
	union {
		int b;
		char c;
	};
} x[2] = {{.a = 1, .c = 'a'}, {.a = 0, .b = 1}};

is the obvious syntax for initializer, perfectly fine for C11 and
handled correctly by gcc-4.7 or later.

Earlier versions, though, break on it - declaration is fine and so's
access to fields (i.e.  x[0].c = 'a'; would produce the right code), but
members of the anon structs and unions are not inserted into the right
namespace.  Tellingly, those older versions will not barf on struct {int
a; struct {int a;};}; - looks like they just have it hacked up somewhere
around the handling of .  and -> instead of doing the right thing.

The easiest way to deal with that crap is to turn initialization of
those fields (in the only place where we have such initializer of
iov_iter) into plain assignment.
Reported-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp>
Reported-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull HSI build fixes from Sebastian Reichel:
 - tighten dependency between ssi-protocol and omap-ssi to fix build
   failures with randconfig.
 - use normal module refcounting in omap driver to fix build with
   disabled module support

* tag 'hsi-for-3.16-fixes1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sre/linux-hsi:
  hsi: omap_ssi_port: use normal module refcounting
  HSI: fix omap ssi driver dependency

Pull GPIO fix from Linus Walleij:
 "A first GPIO fix for the v3.16 series, this was serious since it
  blocks the OMAP boot.

  Sending you this vital fix before leaving for a short vacation so it
  does not sit collecting dust in my tree for no good reason.

  Apart from this, our v3.16 cycle looks like a good start"

* tag 'gpio-v3.16-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-gpio:
  gpio: of: Fix handling for deferred probe for -gpio suffix

Pull x86 vdso fixes from Peter Anvin:
 "Fixes for x86/vdso.

  One is a simple build fix for bigendian hosts, one is to make "make
  vdso_install" work again, and the rest is about working around a bug
  in Google's Go language -- two are documentation patches that improves
  the sample code that the Go coders took, modified, and broke; the
  other two implements a workaround that keeps existing Go binaries from
  segfaulting at least"

* 'x86-vdso-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86/vdso: Fix vdso_install
  x86/vdso: Hack to keep 64-bit Go programs working
  x86/vdso: Add PUT_LE to store little-endian values
  x86/vdso/doc: Make vDSO examples more portable
  x86/vdso/doc: Rename vdso_test.c to vdso_standalone_test_x86.c
  x86, vdso: Remove one final use of htole16()

Pull hwmon updates from Guenter Roeck:
 - new driver for Sensirion SHTC1 humidity / temperature sensor
 - convert ltc4151 and vexpress drivers to use devm functions
 - drop generic chip detection from lm85 driver
 - avoid forward declarations in atxp1 driver
 - fix sign extensions in ina2xx driver

* tag 'hwmon-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/groeck/linux-staging:
  hwmon: vexpress: Use devm helper for hwmon device registration
  hwmon: (atxp1) Avoid forward declaration
  hwmon: add support for Sensirion SHTC1 sensor
  hwmon: (ltc4151) Convert to devm_hwmon_device_register_with_groups
  hwmon: (lm85) Drop generic detection
  hwmon: (ina2xx) Cast to s16 on shunt and current regs

Its too easy to add thousand of UDP sockets on a particular bucket,
and slow down an innocent multicast receiver.

Early demux is supposed to be an optimization, we should avoid spending
too much time in it.

It is interesting to note __udp4_lib_demux_lookup() only tries to
match first socket in the chain.

10 is the threshold we already have in __udp4_lib_lookup() to switch
to secondary hash.

Fixes: 421b3885 ("udp: ipv4: Add udp early demux")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Reported-by: David Held <drheld@google.com>
Cc: Shawn Bohrer <sbohrer@rgmadvisors.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

When we mirror packets from a vxlan tunnel to other device,
the mirror device should see the same packets (that is, without
outer header). Because vxlan tunnel sets dev->hard_header_len,
tcf_mirred() resets mac header back to outer mac, the mirror device
actually sees packets with outer headers

Vxlan tunnel should set dev->needed_headroom instead of
dev->hard_header_len, like what other ip tunnels do. This fixes
the above problem.

Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: stephen hemminger <stephen@networkplumber.org>
Cc: Pravin B Shelar <pshelar@nicira.com>
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <cwang@twopensource.com>
Signed-off-by: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Hari's been doing the patch submissions for a while now and he'll be
taking over as maintainer.
Signed-off-by: Dimitris Michailidis <dm@chelsio.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

"make vdso_install" installs unstripped versions of the vdso objects
for the benefit of the debugger.  This was broken by checkin:

6f121e54 x86, vdso: Reimplement vdso.so preparation in build-time C

The filenames are different now, so update the Makefile to cope.

This still installs the 64-bit vdso as vdso64.so.  We believe this
will be okay, as the only known user is a patched gdb which is known
to use build-ids, but if it turns out to be a problem we may have to
add a link.

Inspired by a patch from Sam Ravnborg.
Acked-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Reported-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@fedoraproject.org>
Tested-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@fedoraproject.org>
Signed-off-by: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/b10299edd8ba98d17e07dafcd895b8ecf4d99eff.1402586707.git.luto@amacapital.netSigned-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>

This patch contains several fixes for Scsi START_STOP_UNIT. The previous
code did not account for signed vs. unsigned arithmetic which resulted
in an invalid lowest power state caculation when the device only supports
1 power state.

The code for Power Condition == 2 (Idle) was not following the spec. The
spec calls for setting the device to specific power states, depending
upon Power Condition Modifier, without accounting for the number of
power states supported by the device.

The code for Power Condition == 3 (Standby) was using a hard-coded '0'
which is replaced with the macro POWER_STATE_0.
Signed-off-by: Dan McLeran <daniel.mcleran@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Vishal Verma <vishal.l.verma@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>

fcebe456 cut and pasted some code to a later point
in create_pending_snapshot(), but didn't switch
to the appropriate error handling for this stage
of the function.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>

If this condition in end_extent_writepage() is false:

	if (tree->ops && tree->ops->writepage_end_io_hook)

we will then test an uninitialized "ret" at:

	ret = ret < 0 ? ret : -EIO;

The test for ret is for the case where ->writepage_end_io_hook
failed, and we'd choose that ret as the error; but if
there is no ->writepage_end_io_hook, nothing sets ret.

Initializing ret to 0 should be sufficient; if
writepage_end_io_hook wasn't set, (!uptodate) means
non-zero err was passed in, so we choose -EIO in that case.
Signed-of-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>

If tmp = ulist_alloc(GFP_NOFS) fails, we return without
freeing the previously allocated qgroups = ulist_alloc(GFP_NOFS)
and cause a memory leak.
Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>