An md bitmap comprises two parts
 - internal counting of active writes per 'chunk'.
 - external storage of whether there are any active writes on
   each chunk

The second requires the first, but the first doesn't require the
second.

Not having backing storage means that the bitmap cannot expedite
resync after a crash, but it still allows us to expedite the recovery
of a recently-removed device.

So: allow a bitmap to exist even if there is no backing device.
In that case we default to 128M chunks.

A particular value of this is that we can remove and re-add a bitmap
(possibly of a different granularity) on a degraded array, and not
lose the information needed to fast-recover the missing device.

We don't actually activate these bitmaps yet - that will come
in a later patch.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

If we are to allow bitmaps to be resized when the array is resized,
we need to know how much space there is.

So create an attribute to store this information and set appropriate
defaults.

It can be set more precisely via sysfs, or future metadata extensions
may allow it to be recorded.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

There are two different 'pending' concepts in the handling of the
write intent bitmap.

Firstly, a 'page' from the bitmap (which container PAGE_SIZE*8 bits)
may have changes (bits cleared) that should be written in due course.
There is no hurry for these and the page will transition from
PENDING to NEEDWRITE and will then be written, though if it ever
becomes DIRTY it will be written much sooner and PENDING will be
cleared.

Secondly, a page of counters - which contains PAGE_SIZE/2 counters, one
for each bit, can usefully have a 'pending' flag which indicates if
any of the counters are low (2 or 1) and ready to be processed by
bitmap_daemon_work().  If this flag is clear we can skip the whole
page.

These two concepts are currently combined in the bitmap-file flag.
This causes a tighter connection between the counters and the bitmap
file than I would like - as I want to add some flexibility to the
bitmap file.

So introduce a new flag with the page-of-counters, and rewrite
bitmap_daemon_work() so that it handles the two different 'pending'
concepts separately.

This also allows us to clear BITMAP_PAGE_PENDING when we write out
a dirty page, which may occasionally reduce the number of times we
write a page.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

REQ_SYNC is ignored in current raid5 code. Block layer does use it to do
policy,
for example ioscheduler. This patch adds it.
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

The two variables are useless.
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

If the allocation of rep1_bio fails, we currently don't free the 'bio'
of the same dev.

Reported by kmemleak.
Signed-off-by: majianpeng <majianpeng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

When attempting to fix a read error, it is acceptable to read from a
device that is recovering, provided the recovery has got past the
place we are reading from.  This makes the test for "can we read from
here" the same as the test in read_balance.
Signed-off-by: majianpeng <majianpeng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

This ensures that it is always freed - there were case where
we failed to free the page.
Reported-by: majianpeng <majianpeng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

dm-raid currently open-codes the freeing of some members of
and rdev.  It is more maintainable to have it call common code
from md.c which does this for all call-sites.

So remove free_disk_sb to md_rdev_clear, export it, and use it in
dm-raid.c
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Reorders functions in raid6_algos as well as the preference check
to reduce the number of functions tested on initialization.

Also, creates symmetry between choosing the gen_syndrome functions
and choosing the recovery functions.
Signed-off-by: Jim Kukunas <james.t.kukunas@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Test each combination of recovery and syndrome generation
functions.
Signed-off-by: Jim Kukunas <james.t.kukunas@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Add SSSE3 optimized recovery functions, as well as a system
for selecting the most appropriate recovery functions to use.
Originally-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Jim Kukunas <james.t.kukunas@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

<linux/module.h> drags in headers which are not visible to userspace,
thus breaking the build for the test program.
Signed-off-by: Jim Kukunas <james.t.kukunas@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Optimize RAID5 xor checksumming by taking advantage of
256-bit YMM registers introduced in AVX.
Signed-off-by: Jim Kukunas <james.t.kukunas@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

With CONFIG_PREEMPT=y, we need to disable preemption while benchmarking
RAID5 xor checksumming to ensure we're actually measuring what we think
we're measuring.
Signed-off-by: Jim Kukunas <james.t.kukunas@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

In the existing do_xor_speed(), there is no guarantee that we actually
run do_2() for a full jiffy. We get the current jiffy, then run do_2()
until the next jiffy.

Instead, let's get the current jiffy, then wait until the next jiffy
to start our test.
Signed-off-by: Jim Kukunas <james.t.kukunas@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

A 'near' or 'offset' lay RAID10 array can be reshaped to a different
'near' or 'offset' layout, a different chunk size, and a different
number of devices.
However the number of copies cannot change.

Unlike RAID5/6, we do not support having user-space backup data that
is being relocated during a 'critical section'.  Rather, the
data_offset of each device must change so that when writing any block
to a new location, it will not over-write any data that is still
'live'.

This means that RAID10 reshape is not supportable on v0.90 metadata.

The different between the old data_offset and the new_offset must be
at least the larger of the chunksize multiplied by offset copies of
each of the old and new layout. (for 'near' mode, offset_copies == 1).

A larger difference of around 64M seems useful for in-place reshapes
as more data can be moved between metadata updates.
Very large differences (e.g. 512M) seem to slow the process down due
to lots of long seeks (on oldish consumer graded devices at least).

Metadata needs to be updated whenever the place we are about to write
to is considered - by the current metadata - to still contain data in
the old layout.

[unbalanced locking fix from Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>]
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

We will soon be interpreting the layout (and chunksize etc) from
multiple places to support reshape.  So split it out into separate
function.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

When RAID10 supports reshape it will need a 'previous' and a 'current'
geometry, so introduce that here.
Use the 'prev' geometry when before the reshape_position, and the
current 'geo' when beyond it.  At other times, use both as
appropriate.

For now, both are identical (And reshape_position is never set).

When we use the 'prev' geometry, we must use the old data_offset.
When we use the current (And a reshape is happening) we must use
the new_data_offset.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Some resync type operations need to act on the address space of the
device, others on the address space of the array.

This only affects RAID10, so it sets resync_max_sectors to the array
size (it defaults to the device size), and that is currently used for
resync only.  However reshape of a RAID10 must be done against the
array size, not device size, so change code to use resync_max_sectors
for both the resync and the reshape cases.
This does not affect RAID5 or RAID1, just RAID10.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Some code in raid1 and raid10 use sync_page_io to
read/write pages when responding to read errors.
As we will shortly support changing data_offset for
raid10, this function must understand new_data_offset.

So add that understanding.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

We will shortly be adding reshape support for RAID10 which will
require it having 2 concurrent geometries (before and after).
To make that easier, collect most geometry fields into 'struct geom'
and access them from there.  Then we will more easily be able to add
a second set of fields.

Note that 'copies' is not in this struct and so cannot be changed.
There is little need to change this number and doing so is a lot
more difficult as it requires reallocating more things.
So leave it out for now.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

The important issue here is incorporating the different in data_offset
into calculations concerning when we might need to over-write data
that is still thought to be valid.

To this end we find the minimum offset difference across all devices
and add that where appropriate.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

As there can now be two different data_offsets - an 'old' and
a 'new' - we need to carefully choose between them.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

When reshaping we can avoid costly intermediate backup by
changing the 'start' address of the array on the device
(if there is enough room).

So as a first step, allow such a change to be requested
through sysfs, and recorded in v1.x metadata.

(As we didn't previous check that all 'pad' fields were zero,
 we need a new FEATURE flag for this.
 A (belatedly) check that all remaining 'pad' fields are
 zero to avoid a repeat of this)

The new data offset must be requested separately for each device.
This allows each to have a different change in the data offset.
This is not likely to be used often but as data_offset can be
set per-device, new_data_offset should be too.

This patch also removes the 'acknowledged' arg to rdev_set_badblocks as
it is never used and never will be.  At the same time we add a new
arg ('in_new') which is currently always zero but will be used more
soon.

When a reshape finishes we will need to update the data_offset
and rdev->sectors.  So provide an exported function to do that.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Currently a reshape operation always progresses from the start
of the array to the end unless the number of devices is being
reduced, in which case it progressed in the opposite direction.

To reverse a partial reshape which changes the number of devices
you can stop the array and re-assemble with the raid-disks numbers
reversed and it will undo.

However for a reshape that does not change the number of devices
it is not possible to reverse the reshape in the middle - you have to
wait until it completes.

So add a 'reshape_direction' attribute with is either 'forwards' or
'backwards' and can be explicitly set when delta_disks is zero.

This will become more important when we allow the data_offset to
change in a reshape.  Then the explicit statement of what direction is
being used will be more useful.

This can be enabled in raid5 trivially as it already supports
reverse reshape and just needs to use a different trigger to request it.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

A flush request is usually issued in transaction commit code path, so
using GFP_KERNEL to allocate memory for flush request bio falls into
the classic deadlock issue.

This is suitable for any -stable kernel to which it applies as it
avoids a possible deadlock.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

The old code was
		sector_div(stride, fc);
the new code was
		sector_dir(size, conf->near_copies);

'size' is right (the stride various wasn't really needed), but
'fc' means 'far_copies', and that is an important difference.

Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>       

Use del_timer_sync to remove timer before mddev_suspend finishes.

We don't want a timer going off after an mddev_suspend is called.  This is
especially true with device-mapper, since it can call the destructor function
immediately following a suspend.  This results in the removal (kfree) of the
structures upon which the timer depends - resulting in a very ugly panic.
Therefore, we add a del_timer_sync to mddev_suspend to prevent this.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

raid10 stores dev_sectors in 'conf' separately from the one in
'mddev' because it can have a very significant effect on block
addressing and so need to be updated carefully.

However raid10_resize isn't updating it at all!

To update it correctly, we need to make sure it is a proper
multiple of the chunksize taking various details of the layout
in to account.
This calculation is currently done in setup_conf.   So split it
out from there and call it from raid10_resize as well.
Then set conf->dev_sectors properly.
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

commit 61a0d80c "md/bitmap: discard CHUNK_BLOCK_SHIFT macro"
replaced CHUNK_BLOCK_RATIO() by the same text that was
replacing CHUNK_BLOCK_SHIFT() - which is clearly wrong.

The result is that 'chunks' is often too small by 1,
which can sometimes result in a crash (not sure how).

So use the correct replacement, and get rid of CHUNK_BLOCK_RATIO
which is no longe used.
Reported-by: Karl Newman <siliconfiend@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Karl Newman <siliconfiend@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de>

Pull power management fixes from Rafael J. Wysocki:
 "Fix for an issue causing hibernation to hang on systems with highmem
  (that practically means i386) due to broken memory management (bug
  introduced in 3.2, so -stable material) and PM documentation update
  making the freezer documentation follow the code again after some
  recent updates."

* tag 'pm-for-3.4-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm:
  PM / Freezer / Docs: Update documentation about freezing of tasks
  PM / Hibernate: fix the number of pages used for hibernate/thaw buffering

The autofs packet size has had a very unfortunate size problem on x86:
because the alignment of 'u64' differs in 32-bit and 64-bit modes, and
because the packet data was not 8-byte aligned, the size of the autofsv5
packet structure differed between 32-bit and 64-bit modes despite
looking otherwise identical (300 vs 304 bytes respectively).

We first fixed that up by making the 64-bit compat mode know about this
problem in commit a32744d4 ("autofs: work around unhappy compat
problem on x86-64"), and that made a 32-bit 'systemd' work happily on a
64-bit kernel because everything then worked the same way as on a 32-bit
kernel.

But it turned out that 'automount' had actually known and worked around
this problem in user space, so fixing the kernel to do the proper 32-bit
compatibility handling actually *broke* 32-bit automount on a 64-bit
kernel, because it knew that the packet sizes were wrong and expected
those incorrect sizes.

As a result, we ended up reverting that compatibility mode fix, and
thus breaking systemd again, in commit fcbf94b9.

With both automount and systemd doing a single read() system call, and
verifying that they get *exactly* the size they expect but using
different sizes, it seemed that fixing one of them inevitably seemed to
break the other.  At one point, a patch I seriously considered applying
from Michael Tokarev did a "strcmp()" to see if it was automount that
was doing the operation.  Ugly, ugly.

However, a prettier solution exists now thanks to the packetized pipe
mode.  By marking the communication pipe as being packetized (by simply
setting the O_DIRECT flag), we can always just write the bigger packet
size, and if user-space does a smaller read, it will just get that
partial end result and the extra alignment padding will simply be thrown
away.

This makes both automount and systemd happy, since they now get the size
they asked for, and the kernel side of autofs simply no longer needs to
care - it could pad out the packet arbitrarily.

Of course, if there is some *other* user of autofs (please, please,
please tell me it ain't so - and we haven't heard of any) that tries to
read the packets with multiple writes, that other user will now be
broken - the whole point of the packetized mode is that one system call
gets exactly one packet, and you cannot read a packet in pieces.
Tested-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Ian Kent <raven@themaw.net>
Cc: Thomas Meyer <thomas@m3y3r.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The file Documentation/power/freezing-of-tasks.txt was still referencing
the TIF_FREEZE flag, that was removed by the commit
d88e4cb6(freezer: remove now unused
TIF_FREEZE).

This patch removes all the references of TIF_FREEZE that were left
behind.
Signed-off-by: Marcos Paulo de Souza <marcos.souza.org@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Srivatsa S. Bhat <srivatsa.bhat@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>

The actual internal pipe implementation is already really about
individual packets (called "pipe buffers"), and this simply exposes that
as a special packetized mode.

When we are in the packetized mode (marked by O_DIRECT as suggested by
Alan Cox), a write() on a pipe will not merge the new data with previous
writes, so each write will get a pipe buffer of its own.  The pipe
buffer is then marked with the PIPE_BUF_FLAG_PACKET flag, which in turn
will tell the reader side to break the read at that boundary (and throw
away any partial packet contents that do not fit in the read buffer).

End result: as long as you do writes less than PIPE_BUF in size (so that
the pipe doesn't have to split them up), you can now treat the pipe as a
packet interface, where each read() system call will read one packet at
a time.  You can just use a sufficiently big read buffer (PIPE_BUF is
sufficient, since bigger than that doesn't guarantee atomicity anyway),
and the return value of the read() will naturally give you the size of
the packet.

NOTE! We do not support zero-sized packets, and zero-sized reads and
writes to a pipe continue to be no-ops.  Also note that big packets will
currently be split at write time, but that the size at which that
happens is not really specified (except that it's bigger than PIPE_BUF).
Currently that limit is the system page size, but we might want to
explicitly support bigger packets some day.

The main user for this is going to be the autofs packet interface,
allowing us to stop having to care so deeply about exact packet sizes
(which have had bugs with 32/64-bit compatibility modes).  But user
space can create packetized pipes with "pipe2(fd, O_DIRECT)", which will
fail with an EINVAL on kernels that do not support this interface.
Tested-by: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Ian Kent <raven@themaw.net>
Cc: Thomas Meyer <thomas@m3y3r.de>
Cc: stable@kernel.org  # needed for systemd/autofs interaction fix
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Pull staging tree fixes from Greg Kroah-Hartman:
 "Here are some tiny drivers/staging/ bugfixes.  Some build fixes that
  were recently reported, as well as one kfree bug that is hitting a
  number of users."

* tag 'staging-3.4-rc4' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/staging:
  staging: ozwpan: Fix bug where kfree is called twice.
  staging: octeon-ethernet: fix build errors by including interrupt.h
  staging: zcache: fix Kconfig crypto dependency
  staging: tidspbridge: remove usage of OMAP2_L4_IO_ADDRESS

Pull USB fixes from Greg Kroah-Hartman:
 "Here are a number of small USB fixes for 3.4-rc5.

  Nothing major, as before, some USB gadget fixes.  There's a crash fix
  for a number of ASUS laptops on resume that had been reported by a
  number of different people.  We think the fix might also pertain to
  other machines, as this was a BIOS bug, and they seem to travel to
  different models and manufacturers quite easily.  Other than that,
  some other reported problems fixed as well."

* tag 'usb-3.4-rc5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb:
  usb: gadget: udc-core: fix incompatibility with dummy-hcd
  usb: gadget: udc-core: fix wrong call order
  USB: cdc-wdm: fix race leading leading to memory corruption
  USB: EHCI: fix crash during suspend on ASUS computers
  usb gadget: uvc: uvc_request_data::length field must be signed
  usb: gadget: dummy: do not call pullup() on udc_stop()
  usb: musb: davinci.c: add missing unregister
  usb: musb: drop __deprecated flag
  USB: gadget: storage gadgets send wrong error code for unknown commands
  usb: otg: gpio_vbus: Add otg transceiver events and notifiers

Pull btrfs fixes from Chris Mason:
 "This has our collection of bug fixes.  I missed the last rc because I
  thought our patches were making NFS crash during my xfs test runs.
  Turns out it was an NFS client bug fixed by someone else while I tried
  to bisect it.

  All of these fixes are small, but some are fairly high impact.  The
  biggest are fixes for our mount -o remount handling, a deadlock due to
  GFP_KERNEL allocations in readdir, and a RAID10 error handling bug.

  This was tested against both 3.3 and Linus' master as of this morning."

* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mason/linux-btrfs: (26 commits)
  Btrfs: reduce lock contention during extent insertion
  Btrfs: avoid deadlocks from GFP_KERNEL allocations during btrfs_real_readdir
  Btrfs: Fix space checking during fs resize
  Btrfs: fix block_rsv and space_info lock ordering
  Btrfs: Prevent root_list corruption
  Btrfs: fix repair code for RAID10
  Btrfs: do not start delalloc inodes during sync
  Btrfs: fix that check_int_data mount option was ignored
  Btrfs: don't count CRC or header errors twice while scrubbing
  Btrfs: fix btrfs_ioctl_dev_info() crash on missing device
  btrfs: don't return EINTR
  Btrfs: double unlock bug in error handling
  Btrfs: always store the mirror we read the eb from
  fs/btrfs/volumes.c: add missing free_fs_devices
  btrfs: fix early abort in 'remount'
  Btrfs: fix max chunk size check in chunk allocator
  Btrfs: add missing read locks in backref.c
  Btrfs: don't call free_extent_buffer twice in iterate_irefs
  Btrfs: Make free_ipath() deal gracefully with NULL pointers
  Btrfs: avoid possible use-after-free in clear_extent_bit()
  ...

Pull ARM SoC fixes from Olof Johansson:
 "Nothing controversial, just another batch of fixes:

   - Samsung/exynos fixes for more merge window fallout: build errors
     and warnings mostly, but also some clock/device setup issues on
     exynos4/5
   - PXA bug and warning fixes related to gpio and pinmux
   - IRQ domain conversion bugfixes for U300 and MSM
   - A regulator setup fix for U300"

* tag 'fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm/arm-soc:
  ARM: PXA2xx: MFP: fix potential direction bug
  ARM: PXA2xx: MFP: fix bug with MFP_LPM_KEEP_OUTPUT
  arm/sa1100: fix sa1100-rtc memory resource
  ARM: pxa: fix gpio wakeup setting
  ARM: SAMSUNG: add missing MMC_CAP2_BROKEN_VOLTAGE capability
  ARM: EXYNOS: Fix compilation error when CONFIG_OF is not defined
  ARM: EXYNOS: Fix resource on dev-dwmci.c
  ARM: S3C24XX: Fix build warning for S3C2410_PM
  ARM: mini2440_defconfig: Fix build error
  ARM: msm: Fix gic irqdomain support
  ARM: EXYNOS: Fix incorrect initialization of GIC
  ARM: EXYNOS: use 'exynos4-sdhci' as device name for sdhci controllers
  ARM: u300: bump all IRQ numbers by one
  ARM: ux300: Fix unimplementable regulation constraints