Bug#57071: EXTRACT(WEEK from date_col) cannot be allowed as partitioning function

There were functions allowed as partitioning functions
that implicit allowed cast. That could result in unacceptable
behaviour.

Solution was to check that the arguments of date and time functions
have allowed types (field and date/datetime/time depending on function).

mysql-test/r/partition.result:
  Updated result
mysql-test/r/partition_error.result:
  Updated result
mysql-test/suite/parts/inc/part_supported_sql_funcs_main.inc:
  disabled test with not allowed arguments.
mysql-test/suite/parts/r/part_supported_sql_func_innodb.result:
  Updated result
mysql-test/suite/parts/r/part_supported_sql_func_myisam.result:
  Updated result
mysql-test/t/partition.test:
  Fixed typo in bug number and removed non allowed function (bad argument)
mysql-test/t/partition_error.test:
  Added tests to verify correct type of argument.
sql/item.h:
  Renamed processor since it is no longer only for timezone
sql/item_func.h:
  Added help functions for checking date/time/datetime arguments.
sql/item_timefunc.h:
  Added processors for argument correctness
sql/sql_partition.cc:
  renamed the processor for checking arguments.