The character set was not being properly initialized in CAST() with
  a type like "CHAR(2) BINARY", which resulted in incorrect results or
  even a crash.


mysql-test/r/cast.result:
  Add new results
mysql-test/t/cast.test:
  Add new regression test
sql/sql_yacc.yy:
  Make sure Lex->charset is set to NULL when nothing follows BINARY
  in type declaration.