MDEV-17279 Windows : link C runtime dynamically

Improve previous patch so we do not depend on (tiny) compiler-version
dependent libraries, i.e vcruntime140.dll, and msvcp140.dll

The remaining dependency is Universal CRT, is part of Win10+ OS,
and should already be installed by Windows update on most downlevel
systems.

cmake/os/Windows.cmake

@@ -65,7 +65,9 @@ FUNCTION(ENABLE_ASAN)
   ENDIF()
   # currently, asan is broken with static CRT.
   IF(NOT(MSVC_CRT_TYPE STREQUAL "/MD"))
-    MESSAGE(FATAL_ERROR "-DWITH_ASAN cmake parameter also requires -DMSVC_CRT_TYPE=/MD")
+    IF(NOT DYNAMIC_UCRT_LINK)
+      MESSAGE(FATAL_ERROR "-DWITH_ASAN cmake parameter also requires -DMSVC_CRT_TYPE=/MD OR DYNAMIC_UCRT_LINK=ON")
+    ENDIF()
   ENDIF()
   IF(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 4)
     MESSAGE(FATAL_ERROR "-DWITH_ASAN on Windows requires 64bit build")
@@ -90,14 +92,10 @@ ENDFUNCTION()
 
 
 IF(MSVC)
-  IF(WITH_ASAN)
-    ENABLE_ASAN()
-  ENDIF()
-
   # Disable mingw based pkg-config found in Strawberry perl
   SET(PKG_CONFIG_EXECUTABLE 0 CACHE INTERNAL "")
 
-  SET(MSVC_CRT_TYPE /MD CACHE STRING
+  SET(MSVC_CRT_TYPE /MT CACHE STRING
     "Runtime library - specify runtime library for linking (/MT,/MTd,/MD,/MDd)"
   )
   SET(VALID_CRT_TYPES /MTd /MDd /MD  /MT)
@@ -105,7 +103,10 @@ IF(MSVC)
     MESSAGE(FATAL_ERROR "Invalid value ${MSVC_CRT_TYPE} for MSVC_CRT_TYPE, choose one of /MT,/MTd,/MD,/MDd ")
   ENDIF()
 
-  IF(MSVC_CRT_TYPE MATCHES "/MD")
+  OPTION(DYNAMIC_UCRT_LINK "Link Universal CRT dynamically, if MSVC_CRT_TYPE=/MT" ON)
+  SET(DYNAMIC_UCRT_LINKER_OPTION " /NODEFAULTLIB:libucrt.lib /DEFAULTLIB:ucrt.lib")
+
+  IF((MSVC_CRT_TYPE MATCHES "/MD") OR DYNAMIC_UCRT_LINK)
    # Dynamic runtime (DLLs), need to install CRT libraries.
    SET(CMAKE_INSTALL_SYSTEM_RUNTIME_COMPONENT VCCRT)
    SET(CMAKE_INSTALL_UCRT_LIBRARIES TRUE)
@@ -115,6 +116,10 @@ IF(MSVC)
    INCLUDE(InstallRequiredSystemLibraries)
   ENDIF()
 
+  IF(WITH_ASAN)
+    ENABLE_ASAN()
+  ENDIF()
+
   # Enable debug info also in Release build,
   # and create PDB to be able to analyze crashes.
   FOREACH(type EXE SHARED MODULE)
@@ -170,6 +175,11 @@ IF(MSVC)
    STRING(REGEX REPLACE "/INCREMENTAL:([^ ]+)" "/INCREMENTAL:NO" CMAKE_${type}_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_${type}_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG}")
    STRING(REGEX REPLACE "/INCREMENTAL$" "/INCREMENTAL:NO" CMAKE_${type}_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_${type}_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG}")
    SET(CMAKE_${type}_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_${type}_LINKER_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} /OPT:REF /release")
+   IF(DYNAMIC_UCRT_LINK AND (MSVC_CRT_TYPE STREQUAL "/MT"))
+     FOREACH(config RELEASE RELWITHDEBINFO DEBUG MINSIZEREL)
+       STRING(APPEND CMAKE_${type}_LINKER_FLAGS_${config} ${DYNAMIC_UCRT_LINKER_OPTION})
+     ENDFOREACH()
+   ENDIF()
   ENDFOREACH()
 
   
@@ -288,5 +298,6 @@ MACRO(FORCE_STATIC_CRT)
     CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL
   )
     STRING(REGEX REPLACE "/MD[d]?"  "/MT" "${flag}"  "${${flag}}" )
+    STRING(REPLACE ${DYNAMIC_UCRT_LINKER_OPTION} "" "${flag}" "${${flag}}")
   ENDFOREACH()
 ENDMACRO()