Better comments and add a test case.

mysql-test/suite/innodb/r/innodb-stats-sample.result

+Variable_name	Value
+innodb_stats_sample_pages	1
+Variable_name	Value
+innodb_stats_traditional	OFF

mysql-test/suite/innodb/t/innodb-stats-sample.test

+--source include/have_innodb.inc
+#
+# Test that mysqld does not crash when running ANALYZE TABLE with
+# different values of the parameter innodb_stats_sample_pages.
+#
+
+# we care only that the following SQL commands do not produce errors
+# and do not crash the server
+-- disable_query_log
+-- disable_result_log
+-- enable_warnings
+
+let $sample_pages=`select @@innodb_stats_sample_pages`;
+let $traditional=`select @@innodb_stats_traditional`;
+SET GLOBAL innodb_stats_sample_pages=0;
+#use new method to calculate statistics
+SET GLOBAL innodb_stats_traditional=0;
+
+# check that the value has been adjusted to 1
+-- enable_result_log
+SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_stats_sample_pages';
+SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_stats_traditional';
+-- disable_result_log
+
+CREATE TABLE innodb_analyze (
+	a INT,
+	b INT,
+        c char(50),
+	KEY(a),
+	KEY(b,a)
+) ENGINE=InnoDB;
+
+# test with empty table
+ANALYZE TABLE innodb_analyze;
+
+SET GLOBAL innodb_stats_sample_pages=2;
+ANALYZE TABLE innodb_analyze;
+
+SET GLOBAL innodb_stats_sample_pages=1;
+ANALYZE TABLE innodb_analyze;
+
+SET GLOBAL innodb_stats_sample_pages=8000;
+ANALYZE TABLE innodb_analyze;
+
+delimiter //;
+create procedure innodb_insert_proc (repeat_count int)
+begin
+  declare current_num int;
+  set current_num = 0;
+  while current_num < repeat_count do
+    insert into innodb_analyze values(current_num, current_num*100,substring(MD5(RAND()), -44));
+    set current_num = current_num + 1;
+  end while;
+end//
+delimiter ;//
+commit;
+
+set autocommit=0;
+call innodb_insert_proc(7000);
+commit;
+set autocommit=1;
+
+SET GLOBAL innodb_stats_sample_pages=1;
+ANALYZE TABLE innodb_analyze;
+
+SET GLOBAL innodb_stats_sample_pages=8;
+ANALYZE TABLE innodb_analyze;
+
+SET GLOBAL innodb_stats_sample_pages=16;
+ANALYZE TABLE innodb_analyze;
+
+SET GLOBAL innodb_stats_sample_pages=8000;
+ANALYZE TABLE innodb_analyze;
+
+DROP PROCEDURE innodb_insert_proc;
+DROP TABLE innodb_analyze;
+EVAL SET GLOBAL innodb_stats_sample_pages=$sample_pages;
+EVAL SET GLOBAL innodb_stats_traditional=$traditional;
\ No newline at end of file

storage/innobase/btr/btr0cur.c

@@ -3777,18 +3777,24 @@ btr_estimate_number_of_different_key_vals(
 			n_sample_pages = srv_stats_sample_pages;
 		}
 	} else {
-		/* New logaritmic number of pages that are estimated. We
-		first pick minimun from srv_stats_sample_pages and number of
-		pages on index. Then we pick maximum from previous number of
-		pages and log2(number of index pages) * srv_stats_sample_pages. */
+		/* New logaritmic number of pages that are estimated.
+		Number of pages estimated should be between 1 and
+		index->stat_index_size. We pick index->stat_index_size
+		as maximum and log2(index->stat_index_size)*sr_stats_sample_pages
+		if between range as minimum.*/
 		if (index->stat_index_size > 0) {
-			n_sample_pages = ut_max(ut_min(srv_stats_sample_pages, index->stat_index_size),
-				                log2(index->stat_index_size)*srv_stats_sample_pages);
+			n_sample_pages = ut_min(index->stat_index_size,
+				                ut_max(ut_min(srv_stats_sample_pages,
+							      index->stat_index_size),
+						       log2(index->stat_index_size)*srv_stats_sample_pages));
 		} else {
 			n_sample_pages = 1;
 		}
 	}
 
+	/* Sanity check */
+	ut_ad(n_sample_pages > 0 && n_sample_pages < (index->stat_index_size <= 1 ? 1 : index->stat_index_size));
+
 	/* We sample some pages in the index to get an estimate */
 
 	for (i = 0; i < n_sample_pages; i++) {

storage/xtradb/btr/btr0cur.c

@@ -3957,18 +3957,24 @@ btr_estimate_number_of_different_key_vals(
 			n_sample_pages = srv_stats_sample_pages;
 		}
 	} else {
-		/* New logaritmic number of pages that are estimated. We
-		first pick minimun from srv_stats_sample_pages and number of
-		pages on index. Then we pick maximum from previous number of
-		pages and log2(number of index pages) * srv_stats_sample_pages. */
+		/* New logaritmic number of pages that are estimated.
+		Number of pages estimated should be between 1 and
+		index->stat_index_size. We pick index->stat_index_size
+		as maximum and log2(index->stat_index_size)*sr_stats_sample_pages
+		if between range as minimum.*/
 		if (index->stat_index_size > 0) {
-			n_sample_pages = ut_max(ut_min(srv_stats_sample_pages, index->stat_index_size),
-				                log2(index->stat_index_size)*srv_stats_sample_pages);
+			n_sample_pages = ut_min(index->stat_index_size,
+				                ut_max(ut_min(srv_stats_sample_pages,
+							      index->stat_index_size),
+						       log2(index->stat_index_size)*srv_stats_sample_pages));
 		} else {
 			n_sample_pages = 1;
 		}
 	}
 
+	/* Sanity check */
+	ut_ad(n_sample_pages > 0 && n_sample_pages <= (index->stat_index_size < 1 ? 1 : index->stat_index_size));
+
 	/* We sample some pages in the index to get an estimate */
 
 	for (i = 0; i < n_sample_pages; i++) {