For instant ADD COLUMN, the dictionary cache and the persistent
data structures will be updated in
ha_innobase::commit_inplace_alter_table(). The dict_table_t::cols[]
will be updated before the transaction is committed or rolled back.
If the transaction is rolled back, the changes must be reverted.

dict_index_t::instant_add_field(): Instantly add clustered index fields
to an existing index.

dict_table_t::instant_add_column(): Instantly add columns
to an existing table definition.

dict_table_t::rollback_instant(): Roll back instant_add_column().

The adaptive hash index is built on record prefixes on leaf pages,
containing at most index->n_uniq fields. Because the info_bits are
not part of the hash value calculation, the adaptive hash index
cannot distinguish the 'default row' record from a genuine user record
(and it cannot distinguish whether a record is delete-marked).

rec_fold(): Move the function to the only module where it is used,
and assert that the record is on a leaf page and not the 'default row'.

btr_search_drop_page_hash_index(), btr_search_build_page_hash_index():
Skip the 'default row'

btr_cur_optimistic_delete_func(): Do not try to discard a lock on the 'default row' because must be there none

Only page_create_low() and PageBulk::finish() are entitled to reset
PAGE_INSTANT. page_copy_rec_list_end_to_created_page() may be invoked
on the root page, where PAGE_INSTANT would be set.

functions.

There is no reason to export IO this functionality from server, if it can
be easily implemented with CRT.

Note: for the sake of compatibility, we do not use _open() on Windows,
but open file with CreateFile, with FILE_SHARE_DELETE flag,
so it can be renamed or deleted when open. Also atomic append flag is used.

Fixes some warnings.

fix --ps-protocol

move binlog-dependent part (~6%) into a separate file, to be able
to run the rest of multi_update with embedded server

(include/have_log_bin.inc disables embedded)

fil_space_extend_must_retry(): If the table is being truncated,
do not call fil_flush_low(). The operation is covered by the
truncate log. File extension during TRUNCATE only occurs
if there are many indexes on the table. With smaller innodb_page_size,
the file extension occurs already with fewer indexes on the table.

trx_t::in_rollback: Make the field available in non-debug builds.

row_undo_ins_remove_clust_rec(): On the rollback of an insert into
SYS_COLUMNS, revert instant ADD COLUMN in the cache by removing the
last column from the table and the clustered index.

page_set_instant(): Remove a too strict assertion. A rollback would
not reset the root page from FIL_PAGE_TYPE_INSTANT to FIL_PAGE_INDEX,
so the PAGE_INSTANT field could already be set.

rec_init_offsets_comp_ordinary(), rec_copy_prefix_to_buf(),
row_undo_search_clust_to_pcur(): Adjust too strict assertions.

row_search_on_row_ref(), row_undo_mod_parse_undo_rec(), row_undo_mod(),
trx_undo_update_rec_get_update(): Handle the 'default row'
as a special case.

btr_cur_trim(): In an update, trim the tuple as needed. For the
'default row', handle rollback specially. For user records, omit
fields that match the 'default row'.

btr_cur_optimistic_delete_func(), btr_cur_pessimistic_delete():
Skip locking and adaptive hash index for the 'default row'.

A dictionary transaction must be flagged as such before it has generated
any undo log records. This is because trx_undo_assign_undo() will mark
the transaction as a dictionary transaction in the undo log header
right before the very first undo log record is being written.

This is error-prone and causes warnings on Windows

wrep_sst_common and wsrep_sst_xtrabackup-v2 bugfixes to read sst parameters from configs

Fixing the data type for the "fuzzydate" parameter to
Item_func_hybrid_field_type::date_op() from uint to ulonglong,
for consistency with Item::get_date().

The function dict_disable_redo_if_temporary() was supposed to
disable redo logging for temporary tables. It was invoked
unnecessarily for two read-only operations:
row_undo_search_clust_to_pcur() and
dict_stats_update_transient_for_index().

When a table is not temporary and not in the system tablespace,
the tablespace should be flagged for MLOG_FILE_NAME logging.
We do not need this overhead for temporary tables. Therefore,
either mtr_t::set_log_mode() or mtr_t::set_named_space() should
be invoked.

dict_table_t::is_temporary(): Determine if a table is temporary.

dict_table_is_temporary(): Redefined as a macro wrapper for
dict_table_t::is_temporary().

dict_disable_redo_if_temporary(): Remove.

Fix truncation warning on Windows, in a populart header, with a cast.