Added missed methods to Item_string child.

Missing methods added to Item_bin_string

This is needed as the order of rows are not deterministic,
especially in future versions of table statistics.

The original code is correct.

valgrind and asan binaries should be built with a specialiced version of
mem_root that makes it easier to find memory overwrites.
This is what the BUILD scripts is doing.

The specialiced mem_root code allocates a new block for every allocation
which is visiable for any test that depenmds on the default original malloc
size and usage.

Running an UPDATE statement in PS mode and having positional
parameter(s) bound with an array of actual values (that is
prepared to be run in bulk mode) results in incorrect behaviour
in presence of on update trigger that also executes an UPDATE
statement. The same is true for handling a DELETE statement in
presence of on delete trigger. Typically, the visible effect of
such incorrect behaviour is expressed in a wrong number of
updated/deleted rows of a target table. Additionally, in case UPDATE
statement, a number of modified rows and a state message returned
by a statement contains wrong information about a number of modified rows.

The reason for incorrect number of updated/deleted rows is that
a data structure used for binding positional argument with its
actual values is stored in THD (this is thd->bulk_param) and reused
on processing every INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE statement. It leads to
consuming actual values bound with top-level UPDATE/DELETE statement
by other DML statements used by triggers' body.

To fix the issue, reset the thd->bulk_param temporary to the value
nullptr before invoking triggers and restore its value on finishing
its execution.

The second part of the problem relating with wrong value of affected
rows reported by Connector/C API is caused by the fact that diagnostics
area is reused by an original DML statement and a statement invoked
by a trigger. This fact should be take into account on finalizing a
state of diagnostics area on completion running of a statement.

Important remark: in case the macros DBUG_OFF is on, call of the method
  Diagnostics_area::reset_diagnostics_area()
results in reset of the data members
  m_affected_rows, m_statement_warn_count.
Values of these data members of the class Diagnostics_area are used on
sending OK and EOF messages. In case DML statement is executed in PS bulk
mode such resetting results in sending wrong result values to a client
for affected rows in case the DML statement fires a triggers. So, reset
these data members only in case the current statement being processed
is not run in bulk mode.

The #pragma that was removed in
commit e255837e (MDEV-34266)
turns out to be necessary for silencing all cases of
-Wstringop-truncation.

When SUX_LOCK_GENERIC is defined, the srw_mutex, srw_lock, sux_lock are
implemented based on pthread_mutex_t and pthread_cond_t.  This is the
only option for systems that lack a futex-like system call.

In the SUX_LOCK_GENERIC mode, if pthread_mutex_init() is allocating
some resources that need to be freed by pthread_mutex_destroy(),
a memory leak could occur when we are repeatedly invoking
pthread_mutex_init() without a pthread_mutex_destroy() in between.

pthread_mutex_wrapper::initialized: A debug field to track whether
pthread_mutex_init() has been invoked.  This also helps find bugs
like the one that was fixed by
commit 1c8af2ae (MDEV-34422);
one simply needs to add -DSUX_LOCK_GENERIC to the CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
to catch that particular bug on the initial server bootstrap.

buf_block_init(), buf_page_init_for_read(): Invoke block_lock::init()
because buf_page_t::init() will no longer do that.

buf_page_t::init(): Instead of invoking lock.init(), assert that it
has already been invoked (the lock is vacant).

add_fts_index(), build_fts_hidden_table(): Explicitly invoke
index_lock::init() in order to avoid a pthread_mutex_destroy()
invocation on an uninitialized object.

srw_lock_debug::destroy(): Invoke readers_lock.destroy().

trx_sys_t::create(): Invoke trx_rseg_t::init() on all rollback segments
in order to guarantee a deterministic state for shutdown, even if
InnoDB fails to start up.

trx_rseg_array_init(), trx_temp_rseg_create(), trx_rseg_create():
Invoke trx_rseg_t::destroy() before trx_rseg_t::init() in order to
balance pthread_mutex_init() and pthread_mutex_destroy() calls.

- Added plugin_debug.test, multiple_index.test to innodb_fts suite
from mysql-5.7.

- commit c5b28e55 removes the warning
for InnoDB rebuilding table to add FTS_DOC_ID

- multiple_index test case  has MATCH(a) values are smaller
than in MySQL because ROLLBACK updates the stat_n_rows.

- st_mysql_ftparser_boolean_info structure conveys boolean
metadata to mysql search engine for every word in the query.
This structure misses the position value to store the correct
offset of every word. So phrase search queries in plugin_debug
test case with boolean mode for simple parser throws
wrong result.

buf_page_get_gen(): Relax the assertion once more.
The LSN may grow by invoking ibuf_upgrade(), that is,
when upgrading files where innodb_change_buffering!=none was used.
The LSN may also have been recovered from a log that needs
to be upgraded to the current format.

With wsrep_sst_rsync, node goes into endless loop when trying
to establish connection to donor for IST/SST if the database
is bind on specific IP address, not the "*".

This commit fixes this problem. Separate tests are not
required - the problem can occur in normal configurations
on a number of systems when selecting a bing address other
than "*", especially on FreeBSD and with the IPv6 addresses.

int wsrep_thd_append_key(THD*, const wsrep_key*, int, Wsrep_service_key_type)

CREATE TABLE [SELECT|REPLACE SELECT] is CTAS and idea was that
we force ROW format. However, it was not correctly enforced
and keys were appended before wsrep transaction was started.

At THD::decide_logging_format we should force used stmt binlog
format to ROW in CTAS case and produce a warning if used
binlog format was not ROW.

At ha_innodb::update_row we should not append keys similarly
as in ha_innodb::write_row if sql_command is SQLCOM_CREATE_TABLE.
Improved error logging on ::write_row, ::update_row and ::delete_row
if wsrep key append fails.
Signed-off-by: Julius Goryavsky <julius.goryavsky@mariadb.com>

A mixture of a multi-byte *TEXT column and a short binary column
produced a too large column.
For example, COALESCE(tinytext_utf8mb4, short_varbinary)
produced a BLOB column instead of an expected TINYBLOB.

- Adding a virtual method Type_all_attributes::character_octet_length(),
  returning max_length by default.
- Overriding Item_field::character_octet_length() to extract
  the octet length from the underlying Field.
- Overriding Item_ref::character_octet_length() to extract
  the octet length from the references Item (e.g. as VIEW fields).
- Fixing Type_numeric_attributes::find_max_octet_length() to
  take the octet length using the new method character_octet_length()
  instead of accessing max_length directly.

Let perror produce OS error messages in English

fprintf() on Windows, when used on unbuffered FILE*, writes bytewise.
This can make crash handler messages harder to read, if they are mixed up
with other error log output.

Fixed , on Windows, by using a small buffer for formatting, and fwrite
instead of fprintf, if buffer is large enough for message.

The reason is that on Windows, OpenSSL can be built with different C runtime
than the server (e.g Debug runtime in debug vcpkg build).

Overwriting only malloc(), with CRT that server is using can cause
mixup of incompatible malloc() and free() inside openssl.

To fix, overwrite all memory functions.

Usually it is not needed, but sometimes we need to testing interoperability,
e.g OpenSSL server / SCHANNEL client, or WolfSSL server / OpenSSL client.

For named pipe, server and client are on the same machine, and
opt_local_infile just adds unnecessary copying via "load data local infile"

Assertion `table->field[0]->ptr >= table->record[0] &&
table->field[0]->ptr <= table->record[0] + table->s->reclength' failed in
handler::assert_icp_limitations.

table->move_fields has some limitations:
1. It cannot be used in cascade
2. It should always have a restoring pair.

Rule 1 is covered by assertions in handler::assert_icp_limitations
and handler::ptr_in_record (commit 30894fe9).

Rule 2 should be manually maintained with care. Hopefully, the rule 1 assertions
may sometimes help as well.

In ha_myisam::repair, both rules are broken. table->move_fields is used
asymmetrically there: it is set on every param->fix_record call
(i.e. in compute_vcols) but is restored only once, in the end of repair.

The reason to updating field ptr's for every call is that compute_vcols can
(supposedly) be called in parallel, that is, with the same table, but different
records.

The condition to "unmove" the pointers in ha_myisam::restore_vcos_after_repair
is incorrect, when stored vcols are available, and myisam stores a VIRTUAL field
if it's the only field in the table (the record cannot be of zero length).

This patch solves the problem by "unmoving" the pointers symmetrically, in
compute_vcols. That is, both rules will be preserved maintained.

Otherwise it could cause false negative when ddl recovery done is part
of the plugin initialization