Remove floating point comparisons and rely only on the information
directly provided by appendFloat.
Make restoring the zero padding flag explicit instead of using a defer.
Rearrange some case distinctions to remove duplicated code.
Add more test cases for zero padded floating point numbers with sign.

benchmark                   old ns/op     new ns/op     delta
BenchmarkSprintfFloat-4     187           180           -3.74%

Change-Id: Ifa2ae85257909f40b1b18118c92b516933271729
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/19721Reviewed-by: Rob Pike <r@golang.org>