[dev.link] cmd/link, cmd/internal/goobj2: adopt new DWARF compilation unit logic with new object file

The dev.link branch was not sync'd with the new DWARF compilation
unit logic change on the master branch, and the new object file
format didn't support this.

This CL adds the new DWARF CU and file table support to the new
object file format. In the old object file, the DWARF file table
is a separate section. For now, we do the same with the new
object file, keeping it as a separate block.

While here, also refactor the loader code so it is easier for the
loader to carry per-object informations.

Change-Id: I4c317941fc0a5831acbc11ce8c2a8b7421471372
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/198198Reviewed-by: Austin Clements <austin@google.com>