Currently, escape analysis is able to record at most one dereference
when a parameter leaks to the heap; that is, at call sites, it can't
distinguish between any of these three functions:

    func x1(p ****int) { sink = *p }
    func x2(p ****int) { sink = **p }
    func x3(p ****int) { sink = ***p }

Similarly, it's limited to recording parameter leaks to only the first
4 parameters, and only up to 6 dereferences.

All of these limitations are due to the awkward encoding scheme used
at the moment.

This CL replaces the encoding scheme with a simple [8]uint8 array,
which can handle up to the first 7 parameters, and up to 254
dereferences, which ought to be enough for anyone. And if not, it's
much more easily increased.

Shrinks export data size geometric mean for Kubernetes by 0.07%.

Fixes #33981.

Change-Id: I10a94b9accac9a0c91490e0d6d458316f5ca1e13
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/197680Reviewed-by: Cherry Zhang <cherryyz@google.com>