As proposed in Issue #29934, update errors produced by the os package to
work with errors.Is sentinel tests. For example,
errors.Is(err, os.ErrPermission) is equivalent to os.IsPermission(err)
with added unwrapping support.

Move the definition for os.ErrPermission and others into the syscall
package. Add an Is method to syscall.Errno and others. Add an Unwrap
method to os.PathError and others.

Updates #30322
Updates #29934

Change-Id: I95727d26c18a5354c720de316dff0bffc04dd926
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/163058Reviewed-by: Marcel van Lohuizen <mpvl@golang.org>