net: document GODEBUG=netdns=xxx settings

Fixes #12191.

Change-Id: I5c7659ccb0566dad3613041d9e76be87ceacae61
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/13700Reviewed-by: Rob Pike <r@golang.org>

src/net/net.go

@@ -35,6 +35,46 @@ The Listen function creates servers:
 		}
 		go handleConnection(conn)
 	}
+
+Name Resolution
+
+The method for resolving domain names, whether indirectly with functions like Dial
+or directly with functions like LookupHost and LookupAddr, varies by operating system.
+
+On Unix systems, the resolver has two options for resolving names.
+It can use a pure Go resolver that sends DNS requests directly to the servers
+listed in /etc/resolv.conf, or it can use a cgo-based resolver that calls C
+library routines such as getaddrinfo and getnameinfo.
+
+By default the pure Go resolver is used, because a blocked DNS request consumes
+only a goroutine, while a blocked C call consumes an operating system thread.
+When cgo is available, the cgo-based resolver is used instead under a variety of
+conditions: on systems that do not let programs make direct DNS requests (OS X),
+when the LOCALDOMAIN environment variable is present (even if empty),
+when the RES_OPTIONS or HOSTALIASES environment variable is non-empty,
+when the ASR_CONFIG environment variable is non-empty (OpenBSD only),
+when /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/nsswitch.conf specify the use of features that the
+Go resolver does not implement, and when the name being looked up ends in .local
+or is an mDNS name.
+
+The resolver decision can be overridden by setting the netdns value of the
+GODEBUG environment variable (see package runtime) to go or cgo, as in:
+
+	export GODEBUG=netdns=go    # force pure Go resolver
+	export GODEBUG=netdns=cgo   # force cgo resolver
+
+The decision can also be forced while building the Go source tree
+by setting the netgo or netcgo build tag.
+
+A numeric netdns setting, as in GODEBUG=netdns=1, causes the resolver
+to print debugging information about its decisions.
+To force a particular resolver while also printing debugging information,
+join the two settings by a plus sign, as in GODEBUG=netdns=go+1.
+
+On Plan 9, the resolver always accesses /net/cs and /net/dns.
+
+On Windows, the resolver always uses C library functions, such as GetAddrInfo and DnsQuery.
+
 */
 package net