reflect: add Value.MapRange method and MapIter type

Example of use:

	iter := reflect.ValueOf(m).MapRange()
 	for iter.Next() {
		k := iter.Key()
		v := iter.Value()
		...
	}

See issue golang/go#11104

Q. Are there any benchmarks that would exercise the new calls to
   copyval in existing code?

Change-Id: Ic469fcab5f1d9d853e76225f89bde01ee1d36e7a
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/33572Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>

src/reflect/all_test.go

@@ -6576,3 +6576,124 @@ func TestIssue22073(t *testing.T) {
 	// Shouldn't panic.
 	m.Call(nil)
 }
+
+func TestMapIterNonEmptyMap(t *testing.T) {
+	m := map[string]int{"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
+	iter := ValueOf(m).MapRange()
+	if got, want := iterateToString(iter), `[one: 1, three: 3, two: 2]`; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("iterator returned %s (after sorting), want %s", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMapIterNilMap(t *testing.T) {
+	var m map[string]int
+	iter := ValueOf(m).MapRange()
+	if got, want := iterateToString(iter), `[]`; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("non-empty result iteratoring nil map: %s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMapIterSafety(t *testing.T) {
+	// Using a zero MapIter causes a panic, but not a crash.
+	func() {
+		defer func() { recover() }()
+		new(MapIter).Key()
+		t.Fatal("Key did not panic")
+	}()
+	func() {
+		defer func() { recover() }()
+		new(MapIter).Value()
+		t.Fatal("Value did not panic")
+	}()
+	func() {
+		defer func() { recover() }()
+		new(MapIter).Next()
+		t.Fatal("Next did not panic")
+	}()
+
+	// Calling Key/Value on a MapIter before Next
+	// causes a panic, but not a crash.
+	var m map[string]int
+	iter := ValueOf(m).MapRange()
+
+	func() {
+		defer func() { recover() }()
+		iter.Key()
+		t.Fatal("Key did not panic")
+	}()
+	func() {
+		defer func() { recover() }()
+		iter.Value()
+		t.Fatal("Value did not panic")
+	}()
+
+	// Calling Next, Key, or Value on an exhausted iterator
+	// causes a panic, but not a crash.
+	iter.Next() // -> false
+	func() {
+		defer func() { recover() }()
+		iter.Key()
+		t.Fatal("Key did not panic")
+	}()
+	func() {
+		defer func() { recover() }()
+		iter.Value()
+		t.Fatal("Value did not panic")
+	}()
+	func() {
+		defer func() { recover() }()
+		iter.Next()
+		t.Fatal("Next did not panic")
+	}()
+}
+
+func TestMapIterNext(t *testing.T) {
+	// The first call to Next should reflect any
+	// insertions to the map since the iterator was created.
+	m := map[string]int{}
+	iter := ValueOf(m).MapRange()
+	m["one"] = 1
+	if got, want := iterateToString(iter), `[one: 1]`; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("iterator returned deleted elements: got %s, want %s", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMapIterDelete0(t *testing.T) {
+	// Delete all elements before first iteration.
+	m := map[string]int{"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
+	iter := ValueOf(m).MapRange()
+	delete(m, "one")
+	delete(m, "two")
+	delete(m, "three")
+	if got, want := iterateToString(iter), `[]`; got != want {
+		t.Errorf("iterator returned deleted elements: got %s, want %s", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMapIterDelete1(t *testing.T) {
+	// Delete all elements after first iteration.
+	m := map[string]int{"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
+	iter := ValueOf(m).MapRange()
+	var got []string
+	for iter.Next() {
+		got = append(got, fmt.Sprint(iter.Key(), iter.Value()))
+		delete(m, "one")
+		delete(m, "two")
+		delete(m, "three")
+	}
+	if len(got) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("iterator returned wrong number of elements: got %d, want 1", len(got))
+	}
+}
+
+// iterateToString returns the set of elements
+// returned by an iterator in readable form.
+func iterateToString(it *MapIter) string {
+	var got []string
+	for it.Next() {
+		line := fmt.Sprintf("%v: %v", it.Key(), it.Value())
+		got = append(got, line)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(got)
+	return "[" + strings.Join(got, ", ") + "]"
+}

src/reflect/value.go

@@ -1085,14 +1085,7 @@ func (v Value) MapIndex(key Value) Value {
 	typ := tt.elem
 	fl := (v.flag | key.flag).ro()
 	fl |= flag(typ.Kind())
-	if !ifaceIndir(typ) {
-		return Value{typ, *(*unsafe.Pointer)(e), fl}
-	}
-	// Copy result so future changes to the map
-	// won't change the underlying value.
-	c := unsafe_New(typ)
-	typedmemmove(typ, c, e)
-	return Value{typ, c, fl | flagIndir}
+	return copyVal(typ, fl, e)
 }
 
 // MapKeys returns a slice containing all the keys present in the map,
@@ -1122,20 +1115,96 @@ func (v Value) MapKeys() []Value {
 			// we can do about it.
 			break
 		}
-		if ifaceIndir(keyType) {
-			// Copy result so future changes to the map
-			// won't change the underlying value.
-			c := unsafe_New(keyType)
-			typedmemmove(keyType, c, key)
-			a[i] = Value{keyType, c, fl | flagIndir}
-		} else {
-			a[i] = Value{keyType, *(*unsafe.Pointer)(key), fl}
-		}
+		a[i] = copyVal(keyType, fl, key)
 		mapiternext(it)
 	}
 	return a[:i]
 }
 
+// A MapIter is an iterator for ranging over a map.
+// See Value.MapRange.
+type MapIter struct {
+	m  Value
+	it unsafe.Pointer
+}
+
+// Key returns the key of the iterator's current map entry.
+func (it *MapIter) Key() Value {
+	if it.it == nil {
+		panic("MapIter.Key called before Next")
+	}
+	if mapiterkey(it.it) == nil {
+		panic("MapIter.Key called on exhausted iterator")
+	}
+
+	t := (*mapType)(unsafe.Pointer(it.m.typ))
+	ktype := t.key
+	return copyVal(ktype, it.m.flag.ro()|flag(ktype.Kind()), mapiterkey(it.it))
+}
+
+// Value returns the value of the iterator's current map entry.
+func (it *MapIter) Value() Value {
+	if it.it == nil {
+		panic("MapIter.Value called before Next")
+	}
+	if mapiterkey(it.it) == nil {
+		panic("MapIter.Value called on exhausted iterator")
+	}
+
+	t := (*mapType)(unsafe.Pointer(it.m.typ))
+	vtype := t.elem
+	return copyVal(vtype, it.m.flag.ro()|flag(vtype.Kind()), mapitervalue(it.it))
+}
+
+// Next advances the map iterator and reports whether there is another
+// entry. It returns false when the iterator is exhausted; subsequent
+// calls to Key, Value, or Next will panic.
+func (it *MapIter) Next() bool {
+	if it.it == nil {
+		it.it = mapiterinit(it.m.typ, it.m.pointer())
+	} else {
+		if mapiterkey(it.it) == nil {
+			panic("MapIter.Next called on exhausted iterator")
+		}
+		mapiternext(it.it)
+	}
+	return mapiterkey(it.it) != nil
+}
+
+// MapRange returns a range iterator for a map.
+// It panics if v's Kind is not Map.
+//
+// Call Next to advance the iterator, and Key/Value to access each entry.
+// Next returns false when the iterator is exhausted.
+// MapRange follows the same iteration semantics as a range statement.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	iter := reflect.ValueOf(m).MapRange()
+// 	for iter.Next() {
+//		k := iter.Key()
+//		v := iter.Value()
+//		...
+//	}
+//
+func (v Value) MapRange() *MapIter {
+	v.mustBe(Map)
+	return &MapIter{m: v}
+}
+
+// copyVal returns a Value containing the map key or value at ptr,
+// allocating a new variable as needed.
+func copyVal(typ *rtype, fl flag, ptr unsafe.Pointer) Value {
+	if ifaceIndir(typ) {
+		// Copy result so future changes to the map
+		// won't change the underlying value.
+		c := unsafe_New(typ)
+		typedmemmove(typ, c, ptr)
+		return Value{typ, c, fl | flagIndir}
+	}
+	return Value{typ, *(*unsafe.Pointer)(ptr), fl}
+}
+
 // Method returns a function value corresponding to v's i'th method.
 // The arguments to a Call on the returned function should not include
 // a receiver; the returned function will always use v as the receiver.
@@ -2554,6 +2623,9 @@ func mapiterinit(t *rtype, m unsafe.Pointer) unsafe.Pointer
 //go:noescape
 func mapiterkey(it unsafe.Pointer) (key unsafe.Pointer)
 
+//go:noescape
+func mapitervalue(it unsafe.Pointer) (value unsafe.Pointer)
+
 //go:noescape
 func mapiternext(it unsafe.Pointer)
 

src/runtime/map.go

@@ -1282,6 +1282,11 @@ func reflect_mapiterkey(it *hiter) unsafe.Pointer {
 	return it.key
 }
 
+//go:linkname reflect_mapitervalue reflect.mapitervalue
+func reflect_mapitervalue(it *hiter) unsafe.Pointer {
+	return it.value
+}
+
 //go:linkname reflect_maplen reflect.maplen
 func reflect_maplen(h *hmap) int {
 	if h == nil {