This reduces the overhead necessary to work with OS-specific
file details, hides the implementation of FileStat, and
preserves the implementation-specific nature of Sys.

Expressions such as:

  stat.(*os.FileInfo).Sys.(*syscall.Stat_t).Uid
  fi1.(*os.FileStat).SameFile(fi2.(*os.FileStat))

Are now spelled as::

  stat.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Uid
  os.SameFile(fi1, fi2)

R=cw, bradfitz, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5448079

Fixes issue: 2832

R=rsc, gri
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5616060

This makes encoding/base32 be consistent with encoding/base64.

R=golang-dev, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5615053

R=rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5606057

I fixed types_linux.go yesterday but missed the others.

R=golang-dev, bradfitz
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5620054

dist is short for distribution.  This is the new Go distribution tool.

The plan is to replace the Makefiles with what amounts to
'go tool dist bootstrap', although it cannot be invoked like
that since it is in charge of getting us to the point where we
can build the go command.

It will also add additional commands to replace bash scripts
like test/run (go tool dist testrun), eventually eliminating our
dependence on not just bash but all the Unix tools and all
of cygwin.

This is strong enough to build (cc *.c) and run (a.out bootstrap)
to build not just the C libraries and tools but also the basic
Go packages up to the bootstrap form of the go command
(go_bootstrap).  I've run it successfully on both Linux and Windows.
This means that once we've switched to this tool in the build,
we can delete the buildscripts.

This tool is not nearly as nice as the go tool.  There are many
special cases that turn into simple if statements or tables in
the code.  Please forgive that.  C does not enjoy the benefits
that we designed into Go.

I was planning to wait to do this until after Go 1, but the
Windows builders are both broken due to a bug in either
make or bash or both involving the parsing of quoted command
arguments.  Make thinks it is invoking

        quietgcc -fno-common -I"c:/go/include" -ggdb -O2 -c foo.c

but bash (quietgcc is a bash script) thinks it is being invoked as

        quietgcc -fno-common '-Ic:/go/include -ggdb' -O2 -c foo.c

which obviously does not have the desired effect.  Rather than fight
these clumsy ports, I accelerated the schedule for the new tool.
We should be completely off cygwin (using just the mingw gcc port,
which is much more standalone) before Go 1.

It is big for a single CL, and for that I apologize.  I can cut it into
separate CLs along file boundaries if people would prefer that.

R=golang-dev, adg, gri, bradfitz, alex.brainman, dsymonds, iant, ality, hcwfrichter
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5620045

Fixes #2170.

R=golang-dev, cw, adg
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5618045

R=rsc, dsymonds, bsiegert, rogpeppe
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5619052

R=golang-dev, rsc
CC=golang-dev, remy
https://golang.org/cl/5617053

R=golang-dev, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5615050

R=golang-dev, bradfitz, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5617050

The change to -m is the only one necessary
to close the issue.  The others are useful
to know about when debugging but shouldn't
be in the usage message since they may go
away or change at any time.

Fixes #2802.

R=lvd, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5606046

R=golang-dev, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5623045

take 2

R=rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5617045

R=golang-dev, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5622043

This patch adds a function to get the current cpu ticks.  This is
deemed to be 'sufficiently random' to use to seed fastrand to mitigate
the algorithmic complexity attacks on the hash table implementation.

On AMD64 we use the RDTSC instruction.  For 386, this instruction,
while valid, is not recognized by 8a so I've inserted the opcode by
hand.  For ARM, this routine is currently stubbed to return a constant
0 value.

Future work: update 8a to recognize RDTSC.

Fixes #2630.

R=rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5606048

R=golang-dev, alex.brainman, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5605050

R=golang-dev, gri
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5622048

 - Unified bounary conditions for NFC and NFD and removed some indirections.
   This enforces boundaries at the character level, which is typically what
   the user expects. (NFD allows a boundary between 'a' and '`', for example,
   which may give unexpected results for collation.  The current implementation
   is already stricter than the standard, so nothing much changes.  This change
   just formalizes it.
 - Moved methods of qcflags to runeInfo.
 - Swapped YesC and YesMaybe bits in qcFlags. This is to aid future changes.
 - runeInfo return values use named fields in preperation for struct change.
 - Replaced some left-over uint32s with rune.

R=r
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5607050

R=r
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5605051

R=rsc, gri
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5620049

R=golang-dev
CC=bradfitz, golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5606050

R=golang-dev, dsymonds, bradfitz
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5619050

Without this change, fd3 can be collected by the garbage
collector and finalized, which causes the file descriptor to
be closed, which causes the call to os.Open to return 3 rather
than the expected descriptor number.

R=golang-dev, gri, bradfitz, bradfitz, iant
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5607056

Detected semi-automatically. There are probably more.

R=golang-dev, bradfitz
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5620046

The rule is that build directives can be preceded only
by blank lines and other line comments, not /* */ comments.

R=golang-dev, adg, bradfitz
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5619045

R=golang-dev, adg, bradfitz
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5615046

R=golang-dev, gri
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5615045

R=golang-dev, adg, alex.brainman
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5602050

Fixes #2715

R=golang-dev, adg
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5614043

This prevents an incorrect summary line from appearing in the godoc
package list.

R=golang-dev, gri
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5607059

Fixes #2816.

R=golang-dev, r
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5609048

This prevents the message from showing up in godoc.

R=rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5610046

This is a minimal API extension, it makes it possible
to implement missing Int functionality externally w/o
compromising efficiency. It is the hope that this will
reduce the number of feature requests going directly
into the big package.

Also: Fixed some naming inconsistencies: The receiver
is only called z when it is also the result.

R=golang-dev, agl
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5607055

This will add the temporary object directory into the lookup
path so that cgo-exported function declarations may be
included from C files.

This was previously applied by CL 5600043, and apparently
removed by mistake on CL 5598045.

R=golang-dev, r
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5610054

The gccgo compiler used to fail to parse this.

R=golang-dev, rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5610051

R=rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5484076

R=golang-dev, bradfitz, rsc, adg
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5606045

This can happen on Plan 9 if we we're building
with the 32-bit and 64-bit host compilers, one
after the other.

R=rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5599053

Fixes #2541.

R=golang-dev, r
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/5610045