A codewalk through a simple program that illustrates several aspects of Go functions: function objects, higher-order functions, variadic functions, tail recursion, etc.  The example program simulates the game of Pig, a dice game with simple rules but a nontrivial solution.

R=adg, rsc, iant2, r
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4306045

R=golang-dev, rsc1
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4366043

R=golang-dev, rsc1
CC=golang-dev, vcc
https://golang.org/cl/4374044

Thanks to fhs.

R=golang-dev, r2
CC=ality, fhs, golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4375044

Fixes #1674.

R=ken2
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4368057

TBR=r
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4380042

R=r
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4386042

R=golang-dev, r
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4368050

Fixes #1658.

R=rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4344066

Fixes #1559.

R=rsc
CC=golang-dev, peterGo, rog
https://golang.org/cl/4356046

I love Python.  Write once, crash anywhere.

TBR=r
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4382043

Right now if a Go developer makes a patch on one machine
and then clpatches it onto another machine, changes
subsequently made to the description are kept only
locally, under the assumption that you are running
clpatch because someone else wrote the CL, so you
don't have permission to update the web.

This change makes clpatch discard the "this was a
clpatch" information from the metadata when you
clpatch your own CLs from one machine to another.

This should eliminate some confusion (for example
in CL 4314054) but will no doubt introduce other
confusion.

R=golang-dev, r2
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4387041

R=rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4377043

R=adg
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4385042

* tweak mksyscall*.pl to be more gofmt-compatible.
* add mkall.sh -syscalls option.
* add sys/mman.h constants on OS X

R=r, eds, niemeyer
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4369044

R=rsc, agl1
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4370041

Moved the details of how to read a directory
and how to parse the results behind the new
syscall functions ReadDirent and ParseDirent.

Now os needs just one copy of Readdirnames
for the three Unix variants, and it no longer
imports "unsafe".

R=r, r2
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4368048

relationship to os.Process.

R=golang-dev, rsc1
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4384041

TBR=r
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4378042

Not committed to this but it sure makes
the output easier to skim.  With this CL:

$ make
install runtime
install sync/atomic
install sync
install unicode
install utf16
install syscall
install os
...
install ../cmd/govet
install ../cmd/goyacc
install ../cmd/hgpatch
$ make test
test archive/tar
test archive/zip
test asn1
test big
test bufio
...
test path
test path/filepath
TEST FAIL reflect
gotest
rm -f _test/reflect.a
6g -o _gotest_.6 deepequal.go type.go value.go
rm -f _test/reflect.a
gopack grc _test/reflect.a _gotest_.6
all_test.go:210: invalid type assertion: reflect.NewValue(tt.i).(*StructValue) (non-interface type reflect.Value on left)
all_test.go:217: cannot type switch on non-interface value v (type reflect.Value)
all_test.go:218: undefined: IntValue
all_test.go:221: cannot use 132 (type int) as type reflect.Value in function argument
all_test.go:223: cannot use 8 (type int) as type reflect.Value in function argument
all_test.go:225: cannot use 16 (type int) as type reflect.Value in function argument
all_test.go:227: cannot use 32 (type int) as type reflect.Value in function argument
all_test.go:229: cannot use 64 (type int) as type reflect.Value in function argument
all_test.go:231: undefined: UintValue
all_test.go:234: cannot use 132 (type int) as type reflect.Value in function argument
all_test.go:234: too many errors
gotest: "/Users/rsc/g/go/bin/6g -I _test -o _xtest_.6 all_test.go tostring_test.go" failed: exit status 1
make[1]: *** [test] Error 2
make: *** [reflect.test] Error 1

R=r, r2
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4343046

- used to be only for standard log, not for user-built.
- there were no getters.
Also rearrange the code a little so we can avoid allocating
a buffer on every call.  Logging is expensive but we should
avoid unnecessary cost.

This should have no effect on existing code.

R=rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4363045

R=golang-dev, rsc1
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4365041

The CRT is symmetrical in the case of two variables and I picked a
different form from PKCS#1.

R=golang-dev, rsc1
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4381041

Fixes #1107.

R=golang-dev, dsymonds
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4374041

R=bradfitz, bradfitzwork
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4368041

This speeds up private key operations by 3.5x (for a 2048-bit
modulus).

R=golang-dev, r, rsc1
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4348053

R=golang-dev, agl1
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4316057

R=agl1
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4346054

R=rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4339055

R=golang-dev, rsc1, r2, bradfitzgo, gri
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4344068

If the command couldn't be found, argv[0] would be wiped.
Also, fix a print statement not to refer to make - it was a vestige of a prior form.

R=rsc, gri
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4360048

R=rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4315050

R=rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4315051

R=rsc, r
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4339054

Fixes #1665.

R=gri
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4351051

R=r, rog
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4364041

Original code by Chris Lennert <cale...@gmail.com>

R=rsc, agl1
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4331054

R=brainman
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4308047

We replace the current Open with:
OpenFile(name, flag, perm) // same as old Open
Open(name) // same as old Open(name, O_RDONLY, 0)
Create(name) // same as old Open(name, O_RDWR|O_TRUNC|O_CREAT, 0666)

This CL includes a gofix module and full code updates: all.bash passes.
(There may be a few comments I missed.)

The interesting packages are:
        gofix
        os
Everything else is automatically generated except for hand tweaks to:
        src/pkg/io/ioutil/ioutil.go
        src/pkg/io/ioutil/tempfile.go
        src/pkg/crypto/tls/generate_cert.go
        src/cmd/goyacc/goyacc.go
        src/cmd/goyacc/units.y

R=golang-dev, bradfitzwork, rsc, r2
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4357052

R=rsc
CC=golang-dev
https://golang.org/cl/4355052