A long standing problem on busy servers is the tiny available TCP port
range (/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range) and the default
sequential allocation of source ports in connect() system call.

If a host is having a lot of active TCP sessions, chances are
very high that all ports are in use by at least one flow,
and subsequent bind(0) attempts fail, or have to scan a big portion of
space to find a slot.

In this patch, I changed the starting point in __inet_hash_connect()
so that we try to favor even [1] ports, leaving odd ports for bind()
users.

We still perform a sequential search, so there is no guarantee, but
if connect() targets are very different, end result is we leave
more ports available to bind(), and we spread them all over the range,
lowering time for both connect() and bind() to find a slot.

This strategy only works well if /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range
is even, ie if start/end values have different parity.

Therefore, default /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range was changed to
32768 - 60999 (instead of 32768 - 61000)

There is no change on security aspects here, only some poor hashing
schemes could be eventually impacted by this change.

[1] : The odd/even property depends on ip_local_port_range values parity
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>