In TTM world the pages for the graphic drivers are kept in three different
pools: write combined, uncached, and cached (write-back). When the pages
are used by the graphic driver the graphic adapter via its built in MMU
(or AGP) programs these pages in. The programming requires the virtual address
(from the graphic adapter perspective) and the physical address (either System RAM
or the memory on the card) which is obtained using the pci_map_* calls (which does the
virtual to physical - or bus address translation). During the graphic application's
"life" those pages can be shuffled around, swapped out to disk, moved from the
VRAM to System RAM or vice-versa. This all works with the existing TTM pool code
- except when we want to use the software IOTLB (SWIOTLB) code to "map" the physical
addresses to the graphic adapter MMU. We end up programming the bounce buffer's
physical address instead of the TTM pool memory's and get a non-worky driver.
There are two solutions:
1) using the DMA API to allocate pages that are screened by the DMA API, or
2) using the pci_sync_* calls to copy the pages from the bounce-buffer and back.

This patch fixes the issue by allocating pages using the DMA API. The second
is a viable option - but it has performance drawbacks and potential correctness
issues - think of the write cache page being bounced (SWIOTLB->TTM), the
WC is set on the TTM page and the copy from SWIOTLB not making it to the TTM
page until the page has been recycled in the pool (and used by another application).

The bounce buffer does not get activated often - only in cases where we have
a 32-bit capable card and we want to use a page that is allocated above the
4GB limit. The bounce buffer offers the solution of copying the contents
of that 4GB page to an location below 4GB and then back when the operation has been
completed (or vice-versa). This is done by using the 'pci_sync_*' calls.
Note: If you look carefully enough in the existing TTM page pool code you will
notice the GFP_DMA32 flag is used  - which should guarantee that the provided page
is under 4GB. It certainly is the case, except this gets ignored in two cases:
 - If user specifies 'swiotlb=force' which bounces _every_ page.
 - If user is using a Xen's PV Linux guest (which uses the SWIOTLB and the
   underlaying PFN's aren't necessarily under 4GB).

To not have this extra copying done the other option is to allocate the pages
using the DMA API so that there is not need to map the page and perform the
expensive 'pci_sync_*' calls.

This DMA API capable TTM pool requires for this the 'struct device' to
properly call the DMA API. It also has to track the virtual and bus address of
the page being handed out in case it ends up being swapped out or de-allocated -
to make sure it is de-allocated using the proper's 'struct device'.

Implementation wise the code keeps two lists: one that is attached to the
'struct device' (via the dev->dma_pools list) and a global one to be used when
the 'struct device' is unavailable (think shrinker code). The global list can
iterate over all of the 'struct device' and its associated dma_pool. The list
in dev->dma_pools can only iterate the device's dma_pool.
                                                            /[struct device_pool]\
        /---------------------------------------------------| dev                |
       /                                            +-------| dma_pool           |
 /-----+------\                                    /        \--------------------/
 |struct device|     /-->[struct dma_pool for WC]</         /[struct device_pool]\
 | dma_pools   +----+                                     /-| dev                |
 |  ...        |    \--->[struct dma_pool for uncached]<-/--| dma_pool           |
 \-----+------/                                         /   \--------------------/
        \----------------------------------------------/
[Two pools associated with the device (WC and UC), and the parallel list
containing the 'struct dev' and 'struct dma_pool' entries]

The maximum amount of dma pools a device can have is six: write-combined,
uncached, and cached; then there are the DMA32 variants which are:
write-combined dma32, uncached dma32, and cached dma32.

Currently this code only gets activated when any variant of the SWIOTLB IOMMU
code is running (Intel without VT-d, AMD without GART, IBM Calgary and Xen PV
with PCI devices).
Tested-by: Michel Dänzer <michel@daenzer.net>
[v1: Using swiotlb_nr_tbl instead of swiotlb_enabled]
[v2: Major overhaul - added 'inuse_list' to seperate used from inuse and reorder
the order of lists to get better performance.]
[v3: Added comments/and some logic based on review, Added Jerome tag]
[v4: rebase on top of ttm_tt & ttm_backend merge]
[v5: rebase on top of ttm memory accounting overhaul]
[v6: New rebase on top of more memory accouting changes]
[v7: well rebase on top of no memory accounting changes]
[v8: make sure pages list is initialized empty]
[v9: calll ttm_mem_global_free_page in unpopulate for accurate accountg]
Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Jerome Glisse <jglisse@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Hellstrom <thellstrom@vmware.com>