A customer provided evidence indicating that a process
was stalled in direct reclaim:

 - The process was trapped in throttle_direct_reclaim().
   The function wait_event_killable() was called to wait condition
   allow_direct_reclaim(pgdat) for current node to be true.
   The allow_direct_reclaim(pgdat) examined the number of free pages
   on the node by zone_page_state() which just returns value in
   zone->vm_stat[NR_FREE_PAGES].

 - On node #1, zone->vm_stat[NR_FREE_PAGES] was 0.
   However, the freelist on this node was not empty.

 - This inconsistent of vmstat value was caused by percpu vmstat on
   nohz_full cpus. Every increment/decrement of vmstat is performed
   on percpu vmstat counter at first, then pooled diffs are cumulated
   to the zone's vmstat counter in timely manner. However, on nohz_full
   cpus (in case of this customer's system, 48 of 52 cpus) these pooled
   diffs were not cumulated once the cpu had no event on it so that
   the cpu started sleeping infinitely.
   I checked percpu vmstat and found there were total 69 counts not
   cumulated to the zone's vmstat counter yet.

 - In this situation, kswapd did not help the trapped process.
   In pgdat_balanced(), zone_wakermark_ok_safe() examined the number
   of free pages on the node by zone_page_state_snapshot() which
   checks pending counts on percpu vmstat.
   Therefore kswapd could know there were 69 free pages correctly.
   Since zone->_watermark = {8, 20, 32}, kswapd did not work because
   69 was greater than 32 as high watermark.

Change allow_direct_reclaim to use zone_page_state_snapshot, which
allows a more precise version of the vmstat counters to be used.

allow_direct_reclaim will only be called from try_to_free_pages,
which is not a hot path.

Testing: Due to difficulties accessing the system, it has not been
possible for the reproducer to test the patch (however its
clear from available data and analysis that it should fix it).

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230530145335.677325196@redhat.comReviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Aaron Tomlin <atomlin@atomlin.com>
Signed-off-by: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>