Internet checksums are used for IPv4 header checksum, as well as TCP
segment and UDP datagram checksums.  Such a checksum represents the
negated sum of adjacent pairs of bytes, using ones' complement
arithmetic.

One property of the Internet checkum is byte order independence [1].
Specifically, the sum of byte-swapped pairs is equal to the result
of byte swapping the sum of those same pairs when not byte-swapped.

So for example if a, b, c, d, y, and z are hexadecimal digits, and
PLUS represents ones' complement addition:
    If:		ab PLUS cd = yz
    Then:	ba PLUS dc = zy

For this reason, there is no need to swap the order of bytes in the
checksum value held in a message header, nor the one in the QMAPv4
trailer, in order to operate on them.

In other words, we can determine whether the hardware-computed
checksum matches the one in the message header without any byte
swaps.

(This patch leaves in place all existing type casts.)

[1] https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1071Signed-off-by: Alex Elder <elder@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>