For a long time, if a guest accessed memory outside of a memslot using
any of the load/store instructions in the architecture which doesn't
supply decoding information in the ESR_EL2 (the ISV bit is not set), the
kernel would print the following message and terminate the VM as a
result of returning -ENOSYS to userspace:

  load/store instruction decoding not implemented

The reason behind this message is that KVM assumes that all accesses
outside a memslot is an MMIO access which should be handled by
userspace, and we originally expected to eventually implement some sort
of decoding of load/store instructions where the ISV bit was not set.

However, it turns out that many of the instructions which don't provide
decoding information on abort are not safe to use for MMIO accesses, and
the remaining few that would potentially make sense to use on MMIO
accesses, such as those with register writeback, are not used in
practice.  It also turns out that fetching an instruction from guest
memory can be a pretty horrible affair, involving stopping all CPUs on
SMP systems, handling multiple corner cases of address translation in
software, and more.  It doesn't appear likely that we'll ever implement
this in the kernel.

What is much more common is that a user has misconfigured his/her guest
and is actually not accessing an MMIO region, but just hitting some
random hole in the IPA space.  In this scenario, the error message above
is almost misleading and has led to a great deal of confusion over the
years.

It is, nevertheless, ABI to userspace, and we therefore need to
introduce a new capability that userspace explicitly enables to change
behavior.

This patch introduces KVM_CAP_ARM_NISV_TO_USER (NISV meaning Non-ISV)
which does exactly that, and introduces a new exit reason to report the
event to userspace.  User space can then emulate an exception to the
guest, restart the guest, suspend the guest, or take any other
appropriate action as per the policy of the running system.
Reported-by: Heinrich Schuchardt <xypron.glpk@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com>
Signed-off-by: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>