rust: sync: arc: Implement Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>::downcast()

This mirrors the standard library's alloc::sync::Arc::downcast().

Based on the Rust standard library implementation, ver 1.62.0,
licensed under "Apache-2.0 OR MIT", from:

    https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/tree/1.62.0/library/alloc/src

For copyright details, please see:

    https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/1.62.0/COPYRIGHTReviewed-by: Martin Rodriguez Reboredo <yakoyoku@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Hindborg <a.hindborg@samsung.com>
Reviewed-by: Vincenzo Palazzo <vincenzopalazzodev@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Gary Guo <gary@garyguo.net>
Signed-off-by: Asahi Lina <lina@asahilina.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230224-rust-arc-v2-1-5c97a865b276@asahilina.net
[ Moved `mod std_vendor;` up. ]
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>

rust/kernel/sync/arc.rs

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
     ptr::NonNull,
 };
 
+mod std_vendor;
+
 /// A reference-counted pointer to an instance of `T`.
 ///
 /// The reference count is incremented when new instances of [`Arc`] are created, and decremented

rust/kernel/sync/arc/std_vendor.rs

+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR MIT
+
+//! The contents of this file come from the Rust standard library, hosted in
+//! the <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust> repository, licensed under
+//! "Apache-2.0 OR MIT" and adapted for kernel use. For copyright details,
+//! see <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/COPYRIGHT>.
+
+use crate::sync::{arc::ArcInner, Arc};
+use core::any::Any;
+
+impl Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync> {
+    /// Attempt to downcast the `Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>` to a concrete type.
+    pub fn downcast<T>(self) -> core::result::Result<Arc<T>, Self>
+    where
+        T: Any + Send + Sync,
+    {
+        if (*self).is::<T>() {
+            // SAFETY: We have just checked that the type is correct, so we can cast the pointer.
+            unsafe {
+                let ptr = self.ptr.cast::<ArcInner<T>>();
+                core::mem::forget(self);
+                Ok(Arc::from_inner(ptr))
+            }
+        } else {
+            Err(self)
+        }
+    }
+}