i2c-algo-bit: Improve debugging

Improve the debugging features of the i2c-algo-bit driver:
* Make it possible to compile the driver without debugging support
  at all, making it much smaller.
* Use dev_dbg() for debugging messages where possible, and dev_err()
  for error messages.
* Remove redundant debugging messages.

These changes allowed for minor code cleanups, which are included
as well.
Signed-off-by: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>