Merge branch 'prep-for-5level'

Merge 5-level page table prep from Kirill Shutemov:
 "Here's relatively low-risk part of 5-level paging patchset. Merging it
  now will make x86 5-level paging enabling in v4.12 easier.

  The first patch is actually x86-specific: detect 5-level paging
  support. It boils down to single define.

  The rest of patchset converts Linux MMU abstraction from 4- to 5-level
  paging.

  Enabling of new abstraction in most cases requires adding single line
  of code in arch-specific code. The rest is taken care by asm-generic/.

  Changes to mm/ code are mostly mechanical: add support for new page
  table level -- p4d_t -- where we deal with pud_t now.

  v2:
   - fix build on microblaze (Michal);
   - comment for __ARCH_HAS_5LEVEL_HACK in kasan_populate_zero_shadow();
   - acks from Michal"

* emailed patches from Kirill A Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>:
  mm: introduce __p4d_alloc()
  mm: convert generic code to 5-level paging
  asm-generic: introduce <asm-generic/pgtable-nop4d.h>
  arch, mm: convert all architectures to use 5level-fixup.h
  asm-generic: introduce __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
  asm-generic: introduce 5level-fixup.h
  x86/cpufeature: Add 5-level paging detection

arch/arc/include/asm/hugepage.h

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #define _ASM_ARC_HUGEPAGE_H
 
 #include <linux/types.h>
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 static inline pte_t pmd_pte(pmd_t pmd)

arch/arc/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 
 #include <asm/page.h>
 #include <asm/mmu.h>
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 #include <linux/const.h>
 

arch/arm/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #else
 
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopud.h>
 #include <asm/memory.h>
 #include <asm/pgtable-hwdef.h>

arch/arm64/include/asm/pgtable-types.h

@@ -55,9 +55,13 @@ typedef struct { pteval_t pgprot; } pgprot_t;
 #define __pgprot(x)	((pgprot_t) { (x) } )
 
 #if CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS == 2
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 #elif CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS == 3
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopud.h>
+#elif CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS == 4
+#include <asm-generic/5level-fixup.h>
 #endif
 
 #endif	/* __ASM_PGTABLE_TYPES_H */

arch/avr32/include/asm/pgtable-2level.h

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #ifndef __ASM_AVR32_PGTABLE_2LEVEL_H
 #define __ASM_AVR32_PGTABLE_2LEVEL_H
 
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 /*

arch/cris/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #define _CRIS_PGTABLE_H
 
 #include <asm/page.h>
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__

arch/frv/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #ifndef _ASM_PGTABLE_H
 #define _ASM_PGTABLE_H
 
+#include <asm-generic/5level-fixup.h>
 #include <asm/mem-layout.h>
 #include <asm/setup.h>
 #include <asm/processor.h>

arch/h8300/include/asm/pgtable.h

 #ifndef _H8300_PGTABLE_H
 #define _H8300_PGTABLE_H
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopud.h>
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable.h>
 #define pgtable_cache_init()   do { } while (0)

arch/hexagon/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
  */
 #include <linux/swap.h>
 #include <asm/page.h>
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 /* A handy thing to have if one has the RAM. Declared in head.S */

arch/ia64/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -587,8 +587,10 @@ extern struct page *zero_page_memmap_ptr;
 
 
 #if CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS == 3
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopud.h>
 #endif
+#include <asm-generic/5level-fixup.h>
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable.h>
 
 #endif /* _ASM_IA64_PGTABLE_H */

arch/metag/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #define _METAG_PGTABLE_H
 
 #include <asm/pgtable-bits.h>
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 /* Invalid regions on Meta: 0x00000000-0x001FFFFF and 0xFFFF0000-0xFFFFFFFF */

arch/microblaze/include/asm/page.h

@@ -95,7 +95,8 @@ typedef struct { unsigned long pgd; } pgd_t;
 #   else /* CONFIG_MMU */
 typedef struct { unsigned long	ste[64]; }	pmd_t;
 typedef struct { pmd_t		pue[1]; }	pud_t;
-typedef struct { pud_t		pge[1]; }	pgd_t;
+typedef struct { pud_t		p4e[1]; }	p4d_t;
+typedef struct { p4d_t		pge[1]; }	pgd_t;
 #   endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
 
 # define pte_val(x)	((x).pte)

arch/mips/include/asm/pgtable-32.h

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <asm/cachectl.h>
 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
 
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 extern int temp_tlb_entry;

arch/mips/include/asm/pgtable-64.h

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <asm/cachectl.h>
 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
 
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #if defined(CONFIG_PAGE_SIZE_64KB) && !defined(CONFIG_MIPS_VA_BITS_48)
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 #else

arch/mn10300/include/asm/page.h

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ typedef struct page *pgtable_t;
 #define __pgd(x)	((pgd_t) { (x) })
 #define __pgprot(x)	((pgprot_t) { (x) })
 
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 #endif /* !__ASSEMBLY__ */

arch/nios2/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
 
 #include <asm/pgtable-bits.h>
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 #define FIRST_USER_ADDRESS	0UL

arch/openrisc/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #ifndef __ASM_OPENRISC_PGTABLE_H
 #define __ASM_OPENRISC_PGTABLE_H
 
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__

arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/32/pgtable.h

 #ifndef _ASM_POWERPC_BOOK3S_32_PGTABLE_H
 #define _ASM_POWERPC_BOOK3S_32_PGTABLE_H
 
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 #include <asm/book3s/32/hash.h>

arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/64/pgtable.h

 #ifndef _ASM_POWERPC_BOOK3S_64_PGTABLE_H_
 #define _ASM_POWERPC_BOOK3S_64_PGTABLE_H_
 
+#include <asm-generic/5level-fixup.h>
+
 #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
 #include <linux/mmdebug.h>
 #endif
+
 /*
  * Common bits between hash and Radix page table
  */

arch/powerpc/include/asm/nohash/32/pgtable.h

 #ifndef _ASM_POWERPC_NOHASH_32_PGTABLE_H
 #define _ASM_POWERPC_NOHASH_32_PGTABLE_H
 
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__

arch/powerpc/include/asm/nohash/64/pgtable-4k.h

 #ifndef _ASM_POWERPC_NOHASH_64_PGTABLE_4K_H
 #define _ASM_POWERPC_NOHASH_64_PGTABLE_4K_H
+
+#include <asm-generic/5level-fixup.h>
+
 /*
  * Entries per page directory level.  The PTE level must use a 64b record
  * for each page table entry.  The PMD and PGD level use a 32b record for

arch/powerpc/include/asm/nohash/64/pgtable-64k.h

 #ifndef _ASM_POWERPC_NOHASH_64_PGTABLE_64K_H
 #define _ASM_POWERPC_NOHASH_64_PGTABLE_64K_H
 
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopud.h>
 
 

arch/s390/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
  * the S390 page table tree.
  */
 #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
+#include <asm-generic/5level-fixup.h>
 #include <linux/sched.h>
 #include <linux/mm_types.h>
 #include <linux/page-flags.h>

arch/score/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define _ASM_SCORE_PGTABLE_H
 
 #include <linux/const.h>
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 #include <asm/fixmap.h>

arch/sh/include/asm/pgtable-2level.h

 #ifndef __ASM_SH_PGTABLE_2LEVEL_H
 #define __ASM_SH_PGTABLE_2LEVEL_H
 
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 /*

arch/sh/include/asm/pgtable-3level.h

 #ifndef __ASM_SH_PGTABLE_3LEVEL_H
 #define __ASM_SH_PGTABLE_3LEVEL_H
 
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopud.h>
 
 /*

arch/sparc/include/asm/pgtable_64.h

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
  * the SpitFire page tables.
  */
 
+#include <asm-generic/5level-fixup.h>
 #include <linux/compiler.h>
 #include <linux/const.h>
 #include <asm/types.h>

arch/tile/include/asm/pgtable_32.h

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ extern unsigned long VMALLOC_RESERVE /* = CONFIG_VMALLOC_RESERVE */;
 #define MAXMEM		(_VMALLOC_START - PAGE_OFFSET)
 
 /* We have no pmd or pud since we are strictly a two-level page table */
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 static inline int pud_huge_page(pud_t pud)	{ return 0; }

arch/tile/include/asm/pgtable_64.h

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
 
 /* We have no pud since we are a three-level page table. */
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopud.h>
 
 /*

arch/um/include/asm/pgtable-2level.h

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #ifndef __UM_PGTABLE_2LEVEL_H
 #define __UM_PGTABLE_2LEVEL_H
 
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 /* PGDIR_SHIFT determines what a third-level page table entry can map */

arch/um/include/asm/pgtable-3level.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #ifndef __UM_PGTABLE_3LEVEL_H
 #define __UM_PGTABLE_3LEVEL_H
 
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopud.h>
 
 /* PGDIR_SHIFT determines what a third-level page table entry can map */

arch/unicore32/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #ifndef __UNICORE_PGTABLE_H__
 #define __UNICORE_PGTABLE_H__
 
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 #include <asm/cpu-single.h>
 

arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h

@@ -289,7 +289,8 @@
 #define X86_FEATURE_PKU		(16*32+ 3) /* Protection Keys for Userspace */
 #define X86_FEATURE_OSPKE	(16*32+ 4) /* OS Protection Keys Enable */
 #define X86_FEATURE_AVX512_VPOPCNTDQ (16*32+14) /* POPCNT for vectors of DW/QW */
-#define X86_FEATURE_RDPID	(16*32+ 22) /* RDPID instruction */
+#define X86_FEATURE_LA57	(16*32+16) /* 5-level page tables */
+#define X86_FEATURE_RDPID	(16*32+22) /* RDPID instruction */
 
 /* AMD-defined CPU features, CPUID level 0x80000007 (ebx), word 17 */
 #define X86_FEATURE_OVERFLOW_RECOV (17*32+0) /* MCA overflow recovery support */

arch/x86/include/asm/pgtable_types.h

@@ -273,6 +273,8 @@ static inline pgdval_t pgd_flags(pgd_t pgd)
 }
 
 #if CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 3
+#include <asm-generic/5level-fixup.h>
+
 typedef struct { pudval_t pud; } pud_t;
 
 static inline pud_t native_make_pud(pmdval_t val)
@@ -285,6 +287,7 @@ static inline pudval_t native_pud_val(pud_t pud)
 	return pud.pud;
 }
 #else
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopud.h>
 
 static inline pudval_t native_pud_val(pud_t pud)
@@ -306,6 +309,7 @@ static inline pmdval_t native_pmd_val(pmd_t pmd)
 	return pmd.pmd;
 }
 #else
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 
 static inline pmdval_t native_pmd_val(pmd_t pmd)

arch/xtensa/include/asm/pgtable.h

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #ifndef _XTENSA_PGTABLE_H
 #define _XTENSA_PGTABLE_H
 
+#define __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
 #include <asm-generic/pgtable-nopmd.h>
 #include <asm/page.h>
 #include <asm/kmem_layout.h>

drivers/misc/sgi-gru/grufault.c

@@ -219,15 +219,20 @@ static int atomic_pte_lookup(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long vaddr,
 	int write, unsigned long *paddr, int *pageshift)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgdp;
-	pmd_t *pmdp;
+	p4d_t *p4dp;
 	pud_t *pudp;
+	pmd_t *pmdp;
 	pte_t pte;
 
 	pgdp = pgd_offset(vma->vm_mm, vaddr);
 	if (unlikely(pgd_none(*pgdp)))
 		goto err;
 
-	pudp = pud_offset(pgdp, vaddr);
+	p4dp = p4d_offset(pgdp, vaddr);
+	if (unlikely(p4d_none(*p4dp)))
+		goto err;
+
+	pudp = pud_offset(p4dp, vaddr);
 	if (unlikely(pud_none(*pudp)))
 		goto err;
 

fs/userfaultfd.c

@@ -265,6 +265,7 @@ static inline bool userfaultfd_must_wait(struct userfaultfd_ctx *ctx,
 {
 	struct mm_struct *mm = ctx->mm;
 	pgd_t *pgd;
+	p4d_t *p4d;
 	pud_t *pud;
 	pmd_t *pmd, _pmd;
 	pte_t *pte;
@@ -275,7 +276,10 @@ static inline bool userfaultfd_must_wait(struct userfaultfd_ctx *ctx,
 	pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address);
 	if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
 		goto out;
-	pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address);
+	if (!p4d_present(*p4d))
+		goto out;
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, address);
 	if (!pud_present(*pud))
 		goto out;
 	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);

include/asm-generic/4level-fixup.h

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 	((unlikely(pgd_none(*(pud))) && __pmd_alloc(mm, pud, address))? \
  		NULL: pmd_offset(pud, address))
 
-#define pud_alloc(mm, pgd, address)	(pgd)
 #define pud_offset(pgd, start)		(pgd)
 #define pud_none(pud)			0
 #define pud_bad(pud)			0
@@ -35,4 +34,6 @@
 #undef  pud_addr_end
 #define pud_addr_end(addr, end)		(end)
 
+#include <asm-generic/5level-fixup.h>
+
 #endif

include/asm-generic/5level-fixup.h

+#ifndef _5LEVEL_FIXUP_H
+#define _5LEVEL_FIXUP_H
+
+#define __ARCH_HAS_5LEVEL_HACK
+#define __PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED
+
+#define P4D_SHIFT			PGDIR_SHIFT
+#define P4D_SIZE			PGDIR_SIZE
+#define P4D_MASK			PGDIR_MASK
+#define PTRS_PER_P4D			1
+
+#define p4d_t				pgd_t
+
+#define pud_alloc(mm, p4d, address) \
+	((unlikely(pgd_none(*(p4d))) && __pud_alloc(mm, p4d, address)) ? \
+		NULL : pud_offset(p4d, address))
+
+#define p4d_alloc(mm, pgd, address)	(pgd)
+#define p4d_offset(pgd, start)		(pgd)
+#define p4d_none(p4d)			0
+#define p4d_bad(p4d)			0
+#define p4d_present(p4d)		1
+#define p4d_ERROR(p4d)			do { } while (0)
+#define p4d_clear(p4d)			pgd_clear(p4d)
+#define p4d_val(p4d)			pgd_val(p4d)
+#define p4d_populate(mm, p4d, pud)	pgd_populate(mm, p4d, pud)
+#define p4d_page(p4d)			pgd_page(p4d)
+#define p4d_page_vaddr(p4d)		pgd_page_vaddr(p4d)
+
+#define __p4d(x)			__pgd(x)
+#define set_p4d(p4dp, p4d)		set_pgd(p4dp, p4d)
+
+#undef p4d_free_tlb
+#define p4d_free_tlb(tlb, x, addr)	do { } while (0)
+#define p4d_free(mm, x)			do { } while (0)
+#define __p4d_free_tlb(tlb, x, addr)	do { } while (0)
+
+#undef  p4d_addr_end
+#define p4d_addr_end(addr, end)		(end)
+
+#endif

include/asm-generic/pgtable-nop4d-hack.h

+#ifndef _PGTABLE_NOP4D_HACK_H
+#define _PGTABLE_NOP4D_HACK_H
+
+#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
+#include <asm-generic/5level-fixup.h>
+
+#define __PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED
+
+/*
+ * Having the pud type consist of a pgd gets the size right, and allows
+ * us to conceptually access the pgd entry that this pud is folded into
+ * without casting.
+ */
+typedef struct { pgd_t pgd; } pud_t;
+
+#define PUD_SHIFT	PGDIR_SHIFT
+#define PTRS_PER_PUD	1
+#define PUD_SIZE	(1UL << PUD_SHIFT)
+#define PUD_MASK	(~(PUD_SIZE-1))
+
+/*
+ * The "pgd_xxx()" functions here are trivial for a folded two-level
+ * setup: the pud is never bad, and a pud always exists (as it's folded
+ * into the pgd entry)
+ */
+static inline int pgd_none(pgd_t pgd)		{ return 0; }
+static inline int pgd_bad(pgd_t pgd)		{ return 0; }
+static inline int pgd_present(pgd_t pgd)	{ return 1; }
+static inline void pgd_clear(pgd_t *pgd)	{ }
+#define pud_ERROR(pud)				(pgd_ERROR((pud).pgd))
+
+#define pgd_populate(mm, pgd, pud)		do { } while (0)
+/*
+ * (puds are folded into pgds so this doesn't get actually called,
+ * but the define is needed for a generic inline function.)
+ */
+#define set_pgd(pgdptr, pgdval)	set_pud((pud_t *)(pgdptr), (pud_t) { pgdval })
+
+static inline pud_t *pud_offset(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address)
+{
+	return (pud_t *)pgd;
+}
+
+#define pud_val(x)				(pgd_val((x).pgd))
+#define __pud(x)				((pud_t) { __pgd(x) })
+
+#define pgd_page(pgd)				(pud_page((pud_t){ pgd }))
+#define pgd_page_vaddr(pgd)			(pud_page_vaddr((pud_t){ pgd }))
+
+/*
+ * allocating and freeing a pud is trivial: the 1-entry pud is
+ * inside the pgd, so has no extra memory associated with it.
+ */
+#define pud_alloc_one(mm, address)		NULL
+#define pud_free(mm, x)				do { } while (0)
+#define __pud_free_tlb(tlb, x, a)		do { } while (0)
+
+#undef  pud_addr_end
+#define pud_addr_end(addr, end)			(end)
+
+#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
+#endif /* _PGTABLE_NOP4D_HACK_H */

include/asm-generic/pgtable-nop4d.h

+#ifndef _PGTABLE_NOP4D_H
+#define _PGTABLE_NOP4D_H
+
+#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
+
+#define __PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED
+
+typedef struct { pgd_t pgd; } p4d_t;
+
+#define P4D_SHIFT	PGDIR_SHIFT
+#define PTRS_PER_P4D	1
+#define P4D_SIZE	(1UL << P4D_SHIFT)
+#define P4D_MASK	(~(P4D_SIZE-1))
+
+/*
+ * The "pgd_xxx()" functions here are trivial for a folded two-level
+ * setup: the p4d is never bad, and a p4d always exists (as it's folded
+ * into the pgd entry)
+ */
+static inline int pgd_none(pgd_t pgd)		{ return 0; }
+static inline int pgd_bad(pgd_t pgd)		{ return 0; }
+static inline int pgd_present(pgd_t pgd)	{ return 1; }
+static inline void pgd_clear(pgd_t *pgd)	{ }
+#define p4d_ERROR(p4d)				(pgd_ERROR((p4d).pgd))
+
+#define pgd_populate(mm, pgd, p4d)		do { } while (0)
+/*
+ * (p4ds are folded into pgds so this doesn't get actually called,
+ * but the define is needed for a generic inline function.)
+ */
+#define set_pgd(pgdptr, pgdval)	set_p4d((p4d_t *)(pgdptr), (p4d_t) { pgdval })
+
+static inline p4d_t *p4d_offset(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address)
+{
+	return (p4d_t *)pgd;
+}
+
+#define p4d_val(x)				(pgd_val((x).pgd))
+#define __p4d(x)				((p4d_t) { __pgd(x) })
+
+#define pgd_page(pgd)				(p4d_page((p4d_t){ pgd }))
+#define pgd_page_vaddr(pgd)			(p4d_page_vaddr((p4d_t){ pgd }))
+
+/*
+ * allocating and freeing a p4d is trivial: the 1-entry p4d is
+ * inside the pgd, so has no extra memory associated with it.
+ */
+#define p4d_alloc_one(mm, address)		NULL
+#define p4d_free(mm, x)				do { } while (0)
+#define __p4d_free_tlb(tlb, x, a)		do { } while (0)
+
+#undef  p4d_addr_end
+#define p4d_addr_end(addr, end)			(end)
+
+#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
+#endif /* _PGTABLE_NOP4D_H */

include/asm-generic/pgtable-nopud.h

@@ -3,52 +3,57 @@
 
 #ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
 
+#ifdef __ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK
+#include <asm-generic/pgtable-nop4d-hack.h>
+#else
+#include <asm-generic/pgtable-nop4d.h>
+
 #define __PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED
 
 /*
- * Having the pud type consist of a pgd gets the size right, and allows
- * us to conceptually access the pgd entry that this pud is folded into
+ * Having the pud type consist of a p4d gets the size right, and allows
+ * us to conceptually access the p4d entry that this pud is folded into
  * without casting.
  */
-typedef struct { pgd_t pgd; } pud_t;
+typedef struct { p4d_t p4d; } pud_t;
 
-#define PUD_SHIFT	PGDIR_SHIFT
+#define PUD_SHIFT	P4D_SHIFT
 #define PTRS_PER_PUD	1
 #define PUD_SIZE  	(1UL << PUD_SHIFT)
 #define PUD_MASK  	(~(PUD_SIZE-1))
 
 /*
- * The "pgd_xxx()" functions here are trivial for a folded two-level
+ * The "p4d_xxx()" functions here are trivial for a folded two-level
  * setup: the pud is never bad, and a pud always exists (as it's folded
- * into the pgd entry)
+ * into the p4d entry)
  */
-static inline int pgd_none(pgd_t pgd)		{ return 0; }
-static inline int pgd_bad(pgd_t pgd)		{ return 0; }
-static inline int pgd_present(pgd_t pgd)	{ return 1; }
-static inline void pgd_clear(pgd_t *pgd)	{ }
-#define pud_ERROR(pud)				(pgd_ERROR((pud).pgd))
+static inline int p4d_none(p4d_t p4d)		{ return 0; }
+static inline int p4d_bad(p4d_t p4d)		{ return 0; }
+static inline int p4d_present(p4d_t p4d)	{ return 1; }
+static inline void p4d_clear(p4d_t *p4d)	{ }
+#define pud_ERROR(pud)				(p4d_ERROR((pud).p4d))
 
-#define pgd_populate(mm, pgd, pud)		do { } while (0)
+#define p4d_populate(mm, p4d, pud)		do { } while (0)
 /*
- * (puds are folded into pgds so this doesn't get actually called,
+ * (puds are folded into p4ds so this doesn't get actually called,
  * but the define is needed for a generic inline function.)
  */
-#define set_pgd(pgdptr, pgdval)			set_pud((pud_t *)(pgdptr), (pud_t) { pgdval })
+#define set_p4d(p4dptr, p4dval)	set_pud((pud_t *)(p4dptr), (pud_t) { p4dval })
 
-static inline pud_t * pud_offset(pgd_t * pgd, unsigned long address)
+static inline pud_t *pud_offset(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long address)
 {
-	return (pud_t *)pgd;
+	return (pud_t *)p4d;
 }
 
-#define pud_val(x)				(pgd_val((x).pgd))
-#define __pud(x)				((pud_t) { __pgd(x) } )
+#define pud_val(x)				(p4d_val((x).p4d))
+#define __pud(x)				((pud_t) { __p4d(x) })
 
-#define pgd_page(pgd)				(pud_page((pud_t){ pgd }))
-#define pgd_page_vaddr(pgd)			(pud_page_vaddr((pud_t){ pgd }))
+#define p4d_page(p4d)				(pud_page((pud_t){ p4d }))
+#define p4d_page_vaddr(p4d)			(pud_page_vaddr((pud_t){ p4d }))
 
 /*
  * allocating and freeing a pud is trivial: the 1-entry pud is
- * inside the pgd, so has no extra memory associated with it.
+ * inside the p4d, so has no extra memory associated with it.
  */
 #define pud_alloc_one(mm, address)		NULL
 #define pud_free(mm, x)				do { } while (0)
@@ -58,4 +63,5 @@ static inline pud_t * pud_offset(pgd_t * pgd, unsigned long address)
 #define pud_addr_end(addr, end)			(end)
 
 #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */
+#endif /* !__ARCH_USE_5LEVEL_HACK */
 #endif /* _PGTABLE_NOPUD_H */

include/asm-generic/pgtable.h

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@
 #include <linux/bug.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 
-#if 4 - defined(__PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED) - defined(__PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED) != \
-	CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS
-#error CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS is not consistent with __PAGETABLE_{PUD,PMD}_FOLDED
+#if 5 - defined(__PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED) - defined(__PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED) - \
+	defined(__PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED) != CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS
+#error CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS is not consistent with __PAGETABLE_{P4D,PUD,PMD}_FOLDED
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -424,6 +424,13 @@ static inline pgprot_t pgprot_modify(pgprot_t oldprot, pgprot_t newprot)
 	(__boundary - 1 < (end) - 1)? __boundary: (end);		\
 })
 
+#ifndef p4d_addr_end
+#define p4d_addr_end(addr, end)						\
+({	unsigned long __boundary = ((addr) + P4D_SIZE) & P4D_MASK;	\
+	(__boundary - 1 < (end) - 1)? __boundary: (end);		\
+})
+#endif
+
 #ifndef pud_addr_end
 #define pud_addr_end(addr, end)						\
 ({	unsigned long __boundary = ((addr) + PUD_SIZE) & PUD_MASK;	\
@@ -444,6 +451,7 @@ static inline pgprot_t pgprot_modify(pgprot_t oldprot, pgprot_t newprot)
  * Do the tests inline, but report and clear the bad entry in mm/memory.c.
  */
 void pgd_clear_bad(pgd_t *);
+void p4d_clear_bad(p4d_t *);
 void pud_clear_bad(pud_t *);
 void pmd_clear_bad(pmd_t *);
 
@@ -458,6 +466,17 @@ static inline int pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd_t *pgd)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static inline int p4d_none_or_clear_bad(p4d_t *p4d)
+{
+	if (p4d_none(*p4d))
+		return 1;
+	if (unlikely(p4d_bad(*p4d))) {
+		p4d_clear_bad(p4d);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static inline int pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud_t *pud)
 {
 	if (pud_none(*pud))
@@ -844,11 +863,30 @@ static inline int pmd_protnone(pmd_t pmd)
 #endif /* CONFIG_MMU */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP
+
+#ifndef __PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED
+int p4d_set_huge(p4d_t *p4d, phys_addr_t addr, pgprot_t prot);
+int p4d_clear_huge(p4d_t *p4d);
+#else
+static inline int p4d_set_huge(p4d_t *p4d, phys_addr_t addr, pgprot_t prot)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+static inline int p4d_clear_huge(p4d_t *p4d)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+#endif /* !__PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED */
+
 int pud_set_huge(pud_t *pud, phys_addr_t addr, pgprot_t prot);
 int pmd_set_huge(pmd_t *pmd, phys_addr_t addr, pgprot_t prot);
 int pud_clear_huge(pud_t *pud);
 int pmd_clear_huge(pmd_t *pmd);
 #else	/* !CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP */
+static inline int p4d_set_huge(p4d_t *p4d, phys_addr_t addr, pgprot_t prot)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
 static inline int pud_set_huge(pud_t *pud, phys_addr_t addr, pgprot_t prot)
 {
 	return 0;
@@ -857,6 +895,10 @@ static inline int pmd_set_huge(pmd_t *pmd, phys_addr_t addr, pgprot_t prot)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
+static inline int p4d_clear_huge(p4d_t *p4d)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
 static inline int pud_clear_huge(pud_t *pud)
 {
 	return 0;

include/asm-generic/tlb.h

@@ -270,6 +270,12 @@ static inline void tlb_remove_check_page_size_change(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 		__pte_free_tlb(tlb, ptep, address);		\
 	} while (0)
 
+#define pmd_free_tlb(tlb, pmdp, address)			\
+	do {							\
+		__tlb_adjust_range(tlb, address, PAGE_SIZE);		\
+		__pmd_free_tlb(tlb, pmdp, address);		\
+	} while (0)
+
 #ifndef __ARCH_HAS_4LEVEL_HACK
 #define pud_free_tlb(tlb, pudp, address)			\
 	do {							\
@@ -278,11 +284,13 @@ static inline void tlb_remove_check_page_size_change(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 	} while (0)
 #endif
 
-#define pmd_free_tlb(tlb, pmdp, address)			\
+#ifndef __ARCH_HAS_5LEVEL_HACK
+#define p4d_free_tlb(tlb, pudp, address)			\
 	do {							\
-		__tlb_adjust_range(tlb, address, PAGE_SIZE);	\
-		__pmd_free_tlb(tlb, pmdp, address);		\
+		__tlb_adjust_range(tlb, address, PAGE_SIZE);		\
+		__p4d_free_tlb(tlb, pudp, address);		\
 	} while (0)
+#endif
 
 #define tlb_migrate_finish(mm) do {} while (0)
 

include/linux/hugetlb.h

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ struct page *follow_huge_pmd(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address,
 struct page *follow_huge_pud(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address,
 				pud_t *pud, int flags);
 int pmd_huge(pmd_t pmd);
-int pud_huge(pud_t pmd);
+int pud_huge(pud_t pud);
 unsigned long hugetlb_change_protection(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		unsigned long address, unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot);
 
@@ -197,6 +197,9 @@ static inline void __unmap_hugepage_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb,
 #ifndef pgd_huge
 #define pgd_huge(x)	0
 #endif
+#ifndef p4d_huge
+#define p4d_huge(x)	0
+#endif
 
 #ifndef pgd_write
 static inline int pgd_write(pgd_t pgd)

include/linux/kasan.h

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ extern unsigned char kasan_zero_page[PAGE_SIZE];
 extern pte_t kasan_zero_pte[PTRS_PER_PTE];
 extern pmd_t kasan_zero_pmd[PTRS_PER_PMD];
 extern pud_t kasan_zero_pud[PTRS_PER_PUD];
+extern p4d_t kasan_zero_p4d[PTRS_PER_P4D];
 
 void kasan_populate_zero_shadow(const void *shadow_start,
 				const void *shadow_end);

include/linux/mm.h

@@ -1560,14 +1560,24 @@ static inline pte_t *get_locked_pte(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
 	return ptep;
 }
 
+#ifdef __PAGETABLE_P4D_FOLDED
+static inline int __p4d_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd,
+						unsigned long address)
+{
+	return 0;
+}
+#else
+int __p4d_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef __PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED
-static inline int __pud_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd,
+static inline int __pud_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, p4d_t *p4d,
 						unsigned long address)
 {
 	return 0;
 }
 #else
-int __pud_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address);
+int __pud_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long address);
 #endif
 
 #if defined(__PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED) || !defined(CONFIG_MMU)
@@ -1619,11 +1629,22 @@ int __pte_alloc_kernel(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long address);
  * Remove it when 4level-fixup.h has been removed.
  */
 #if defined(CONFIG_MMU) && !defined(__ARCH_HAS_4LEVEL_HACK)
-static inline pud_t *pud_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address)
+
+#ifndef __ARCH_HAS_5LEVEL_HACK
+static inline p4d_t *p4d_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd,
+		unsigned long address)
+{
+	return (unlikely(pgd_none(*pgd)) && __p4d_alloc(mm, pgd, address)) ?
+		NULL : p4d_offset(pgd, address);
+}
+
+static inline pud_t *pud_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, p4d_t *p4d,
+		unsigned long address)
 {
-	return (unlikely(pgd_none(*pgd)) && __pud_alloc(mm, pgd, address))?
-		NULL: pud_offset(pgd, address);
+	return (unlikely(p4d_none(*p4d)) && __pud_alloc(mm, p4d, address)) ?
+		NULL : pud_offset(p4d, address);
 }
+#endif /* !__ARCH_HAS_5LEVEL_HACK */
 
 static inline pmd_t *pmd_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pud, unsigned long address)
 {
@@ -2385,7 +2406,8 @@ void sparse_mem_maps_populate_node(struct page **map_map,
 
 struct page *sparse_mem_map_populate(unsigned long pnum, int nid);
 pgd_t *vmemmap_pgd_populate(unsigned long addr, int node);
-pud_t *vmemmap_pud_populate(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, int node);
+p4d_t *vmemmap_p4d_populate(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, int node);
+pud_t *vmemmap_pud_populate(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr, int node);
 pmd_t *vmemmap_pmd_populate(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr, int node);
 pte_t *vmemmap_pte_populate(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, int node);
 void *vmemmap_alloc_block(unsigned long size, int node);

lib/ioremap.c

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP
+static int __read_mostly ioremap_p4d_capable;
 static int __read_mostly ioremap_pud_capable;
 static int __read_mostly ioremap_pmd_capable;
 static int __read_mostly ioremap_huge_disabled;
@@ -35,6 +36,11 @@ void __init ioremap_huge_init(void)
 	}
 }
 
+static inline int ioremap_p4d_enabled(void)
+{
+	return ioremap_p4d_capable;
+}
+
 static inline int ioremap_pud_enabled(void)
 {
 	return ioremap_pud_capable;
@@ -46,6 +52,7 @@ static inline int ioremap_pmd_enabled(void)
 }
 
 #else	/* !CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP */
+static inline int ioremap_p4d_enabled(void) { return 0; }
 static inline int ioremap_pud_enabled(void) { return 0; }
 static inline int ioremap_pmd_enabled(void) { return 0; }
 #endif	/* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_HUGE_VMAP */
@@ -94,14 +101,14 @@ static inline int ioremap_pmd_range(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static inline int ioremap_pud_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
+static inline int ioremap_pud_range(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr,
 		unsigned long end, phys_addr_t phys_addr, pgprot_t prot)
 {
 	pud_t *pud;
 	unsigned long next;
 
 	phys_addr -= addr;
-	pud = pud_alloc(&init_mm, pgd, addr);
+	pud = pud_alloc(&init_mm, p4d, addr);
 	if (!pud)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	do {
@@ -120,6 +127,32 @@ static inline int ioremap_pud_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static inline int ioremap_p4d_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
+		unsigned long end, phys_addr_t phys_addr, pgprot_t prot)
+{
+	p4d_t *p4d;
+	unsigned long next;
+
+	phys_addr -= addr;
+	p4d = p4d_alloc(&init_mm, pgd, addr);
+	if (!p4d)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	do {
+		next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
+
+		if (ioremap_p4d_enabled() &&
+		    ((next - addr) == P4D_SIZE) &&
+		    IS_ALIGNED(phys_addr + addr, P4D_SIZE)) {
+			if (p4d_set_huge(p4d, phys_addr + addr, prot))
+				continue;
+		}
+
+		if (ioremap_pud_range(p4d, addr, next, phys_addr + addr, prot))
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 int ioremap_page_range(unsigned long addr,
 		       unsigned long end, phys_addr_t phys_addr, pgprot_t prot)
 {
@@ -135,7 +168,7 @@ int ioremap_page_range(unsigned long addr,
 	pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
 	do {
 		next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
-		err = ioremap_pud_range(pgd, addr, next, phys_addr+addr, prot);
+		err = ioremap_p4d_range(pgd, addr, next, phys_addr+addr, prot);
 		if (err)
 			break;
 	} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);

mm/gup.c

@@ -226,6 +226,7 @@ struct page *follow_page_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 			      unsigned int *page_mask)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd;
+	p4d_t *p4d;
 	pud_t *pud;
 	pmd_t *pmd;
 	spinlock_t *ptl;
@@ -243,8 +244,13 @@ struct page *follow_page_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address);
 	if (pgd_none(*pgd) || unlikely(pgd_bad(*pgd)))
 		return no_page_table(vma, flags);
-
-	pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address);
+	if (p4d_none(*p4d))
+		return no_page_table(vma, flags);
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(p4d_huge(*p4d));
+	if (unlikely(p4d_bad(*p4d)))
+		return no_page_table(vma, flags);
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, address);
 	if (pud_none(*pud))
 		return no_page_table(vma, flags);
 	if (pud_huge(*pud) && vma->vm_flags & VM_HUGETLB) {
@@ -325,6 +331,7 @@ static int get_gate_page(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address,
 		struct page **page)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd;
+	p4d_t *p4d;
 	pud_t *pud;
 	pmd_t *pmd;
 	pte_t *pte;
@@ -338,7 +345,9 @@ static int get_gate_page(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address,
 	else
 		pgd = pgd_offset_gate(mm, address);
 	BUG_ON(pgd_none(*pgd));
-	pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address);
+	BUG_ON(p4d_none(*p4d));
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, address);
 	BUG_ON(pud_none(*pud));
 	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
 	if (pmd_none(*pmd))
@@ -1400,13 +1409,13 @@ static int gup_pmd_range(pud_t pud, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
 	return 1;
 }
 
-static int gup_pud_range(pgd_t pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
+static int gup_pud_range(p4d_t p4d, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
 			 int write, struct page **pages, int *nr)
 {
 	unsigned long next;
 	pud_t *pudp;
 
-	pudp = pud_offset(&pgd, addr);
+	pudp = pud_offset(&p4d, addr);
 	do {
 		pud_t pud = READ_ONCE(*pudp);
 
@@ -1428,6 +1437,31 @@ static int gup_pud_range(pgd_t pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
 	return 1;
 }
 
+static int gup_p4d_range(pgd_t pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
+			 int write, struct page **pages, int *nr)
+{
+	unsigned long next;
+	p4d_t *p4dp;
+
+	p4dp = p4d_offset(&pgd, addr);
+	do {
+		p4d_t p4d = READ_ONCE(*p4dp);
+
+		next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
+		if (p4d_none(p4d))
+			return 0;
+		BUILD_BUG_ON(p4d_huge(p4d));
+		if (unlikely(is_hugepd(__hugepd(p4d_val(p4d))))) {
+			if (!gup_huge_pd(__hugepd(p4d_val(p4d)), addr,
+					 P4D_SHIFT, next, write, pages, nr))
+				return 0;
+		} else if (!gup_p4d_range(p4d, addr, next, write, pages, nr))
+			return 0;
+	} while (p4dp++, addr = next, addr != end);
+
+	return 1;
+}
+
 /*
  * Like get_user_pages_fast() except it's IRQ-safe in that it won't fall back to
  * the regular GUP. It will only return non-negative values.
@@ -1478,7 +1512,7 @@ int __get_user_pages_fast(unsigned long start, int nr_pages, int write,
 			if (!gup_huge_pd(__hugepd(pgd_val(pgd)), addr,
 					 PGDIR_SHIFT, next, write, pages, &nr))
 				break;
-		} else if (!gup_pud_range(pgd, addr, next, write, pages, &nr))
+		} else if (!gup_p4d_range(pgd, addr, next, write, pages, &nr))
 			break;
 	} while (pgdp++, addr = next, addr != end);
 	local_irq_restore(flags);

mm/huge_memory.c

@@ -2048,6 +2048,7 @@ void split_huge_pmd_address(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
 		bool freeze, struct page *page)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd;
+	p4d_t *p4d;
 	pud_t *pud;
 	pmd_t *pmd;
 
@@ -2055,7 +2056,11 @@ void split_huge_pmd_address(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
 	if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
 		return;
 
-	pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address);
+	if (!p4d_present(*p4d))
+		return;
+
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, address);
 	if (!pud_present(*pud))
 		return;
 

mm/hugetlb.c

@@ -4555,7 +4555,8 @@ pte_t *huge_pmd_share(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr, pud_t *pud)
 int huge_pmd_unshare(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long *addr, pte_t *ptep)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset(mm, *addr);
-	pud_t *pud = pud_offset(pgd, *addr);
+	p4d_t *p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, *addr);
+	pud_t *pud = pud_offset(p4d, *addr);
 
 	BUG_ON(page_count(virt_to_page(ptep)) == 0);
 	if (page_count(virt_to_page(ptep)) == 1)
@@ -4586,11 +4587,13 @@ pte_t *huge_pte_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm,
 			unsigned long addr, unsigned long sz)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd;
+	p4d_t *p4d;
 	pud_t *pud;
 	pte_t *pte = NULL;
 
 	pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
-	pud = pud_alloc(mm, pgd, addr);
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
+	pud = pud_alloc(mm, p4d, addr);
 	if (pud) {
 		if (sz == PUD_SIZE) {
 			pte = (pte_t *)pud;
@@ -4610,18 +4613,22 @@ pte_t *huge_pte_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm,
 pte_t *huge_pte_offset(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd;
+	p4d_t *p4d;
 	pud_t *pud;
-	pmd_t *pmd = NULL;
+	pmd_t *pmd;
 
 	pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
-	if (pgd_present(*pgd)) {
-		pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
-		if (pud_present(*pud)) {
-			if (pud_huge(*pud))
-				return (pte_t *)pud;
-			pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
-		}
-	}
+	if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
+		return NULL;
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
+	if (!p4d_present(*p4d))
+		return NULL;
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
+	if (!pud_present(*pud))
+		return NULL;
+	if (pud_huge(*pud))
+		return (pte_t *)pud;
+	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
 	return (pte_t *) pmd;
 }
 

mm/kasan/kasan_init.c

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@
  */
 unsigned char kasan_zero_page[PAGE_SIZE] __page_aligned_bss;
 
+#if CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 4
+p4d_t kasan_zero_p4d[PTRS_PER_P4D] __page_aligned_bss;
+#endif
 #if CONFIG_PGTABLE_LEVELS > 3
 pud_t kasan_zero_pud[PTRS_PER_PUD] __page_aligned_bss;
 #endif
@@ -82,10 +85,10 @@ static void __init zero_pmd_populate(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr,
 	} while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
 }
 
-static void __init zero_pud_populate(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
+static void __init zero_pud_populate(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr,
 				unsigned long end)
 {
-	pud_t *pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
+	pud_t *pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
 	unsigned long next;
 
 	do {
@@ -107,6 +110,23 @@ static void __init zero_pud_populate(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
 	} while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
 }
 
+static void __init zero_p4d_populate(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
+				unsigned long end)
+{
+	p4d_t *p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
+	unsigned long next;
+
+	do {
+		next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
+
+		if (p4d_none(*p4d)) {
+			p4d_populate(&init_mm, p4d,
+				early_alloc(PAGE_SIZE, NUMA_NO_NODE));
+		}
+		zero_pud_populate(p4d, addr, next);
+	} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
+}
+
 /**
  * kasan_populate_zero_shadow - populate shadow memory region with
  *                               kasan_zero_page
@@ -125,6 +145,7 @@ void __init kasan_populate_zero_shadow(const void *shadow_start,
 		next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
 
 		if (IS_ALIGNED(addr, PGDIR_SIZE) && end - addr >= PGDIR_SIZE) {
+			p4d_t *p4d;
 			pud_t *pud;
 			pmd_t *pmd;
 
@@ -135,9 +156,22 @@ void __init kasan_populate_zero_shadow(const void *shadow_start,
 			 * 3,2 - level page tables where we don't have
 			 * puds,pmds, so pgd_populate(), pud_populate()
 			 * is noops.
+			 *
+			 * The ifndef is required to avoid build breakage.
+			 *
+			 * With 5level-fixup.h, pgd_populate() is not nop and
+			 * we reference kasan_zero_p4d. It's not defined
+			 * unless 5-level paging enabled.
+			 *
+			 * The ifndef can be dropped once all KASAN-enabled
+			 * architectures will switch to pgtable-nop4d.h.
 			 */
-			pgd_populate(&init_mm, pgd, lm_alias(kasan_zero_pud));
-			pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
+#ifndef __ARCH_HAS_5LEVEL_HACK
+			pgd_populate(&init_mm, pgd, lm_alias(kasan_zero_p4d));
+#endif
+			p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
+			p4d_populate(&init_mm, p4d, lm_alias(kasan_zero_pud));
+			pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
 			pud_populate(&init_mm, pud, lm_alias(kasan_zero_pmd));
 			pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
 			pmd_populate_kernel(&init_mm, pmd, lm_alias(kasan_zero_pte));
@@ -148,6 +182,6 @@ void __init kasan_populate_zero_shadow(const void *shadow_start,
 			pgd_populate(&init_mm, pgd,
 				early_alloc(PAGE_SIZE, NUMA_NO_NODE));
 		}
-		zero_pud_populate(pgd, addr, next);
+		zero_p4d_populate(pgd, addr, next);
 	} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
 }

mm/mlock.c

@@ -380,6 +380,7 @@ static unsigned long __munlock_pagevec_fill(struct pagevec *pvec,
 	pte = get_locked_pte(vma->vm_mm, start,	&ptl);
 	/* Make sure we do not cross the page table boundary */
 	end = pgd_addr_end(start, end);
+	end = p4d_addr_end(start, end);
 	end = pud_addr_end(start, end);
 	end = pmd_addr_end(start, end);
 

mm/mprotect.c

@@ -193,14 +193,14 @@ static inline unsigned long change_pmd_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 }
 
 static inline unsigned long change_pud_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
-		pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
+		p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
 		pgprot_t newprot, int dirty_accountable, int prot_numa)
 {
 	pud_t *pud;
 	unsigned long next;
 	unsigned long pages = 0;
 
-	pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
 	do {
 		next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
 		if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud))
@@ -212,6 +212,26 @@ static inline unsigned long change_pud_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 	return pages;
 }
 
+static inline unsigned long change_p4d_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+		pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
+		pgprot_t newprot, int dirty_accountable, int prot_numa)
+{
+	p4d_t *p4d;
+	unsigned long next;
+	unsigned long pages = 0;
+
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
+	do {
+		next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
+		if (p4d_none_or_clear_bad(p4d))
+			continue;
+		pages += change_pud_range(vma, p4d, addr, next, newprot,
+				 dirty_accountable, prot_numa);
+	} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
+
+	return pages;
+}
+
 static unsigned long change_protection_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot,
 		int dirty_accountable, int prot_numa)
@@ -230,7 +250,7 @@ static unsigned long change_protection_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
 		if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd))
 			continue;
-		pages += change_pud_range(vma, pgd, addr, next, newprot,
+		pages += change_p4d_range(vma, pgd, addr, next, newprot,
 				 dirty_accountable, prot_numa);
 	} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
 

mm/mremap.c

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 static pmd_t *get_old_pmd(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd;
+	p4d_t *p4d;
 	pud_t *pud;
 	pmd_t *pmd;
 
@@ -39,7 +40,11 @@ static pmd_t *get_old_pmd(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
 	if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd))
 		return NULL;
 
-	pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
+	if (p4d_none_or_clear_bad(p4d))
+		return NULL;
+
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
 	if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud))
 		return NULL;
 
@@ -54,11 +59,15 @@ static pmd_t *alloc_new_pmd(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 			    unsigned long addr)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd;
+	p4d_t *p4d;
 	pud_t *pud;
 	pmd_t *pmd;
 
 	pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
-	pud = pud_alloc(mm, pgd, addr);
+	p4d = p4d_alloc(mm, pgd, addr);
+	if (!p4d)
+		return NULL;
+	pud = pud_alloc(mm, p4d, addr);
 	if (!pud)
 		return NULL;
 

mm/page_vma_mapped.c

@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ bool page_vma_mapped_walk(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw)
 	struct mm_struct *mm = pvmw->vma->vm_mm;
 	struct page *page = pvmw->page;
 	pgd_t *pgd;
+	p4d_t *p4d;
 	pud_t *pud;
 
 	/* The only possible pmd mapping has been handled on last iteration */
@@ -133,7 +134,10 @@ bool page_vma_mapped_walk(struct page_vma_mapped_walk *pvmw)
 	pgd = pgd_offset(mm, pvmw->address);
 	if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
 		return false;
-	pud = pud_offset(pgd, pvmw->address);
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, pvmw->address);
+	if (!p4d_present(*p4d))
+		return false;
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, pvmw->address);
 	if (!pud_present(*pud))
 		return false;
 	pvmw->pmd = pmd_offset(pud, pvmw->address);

mm/pagewalk.c

@@ -69,14 +69,14 @@ static int walk_pmd_range(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
 	return err;
 }
 
-static int walk_pud_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
+static int walk_pud_range(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
 			  struct mm_walk *walk)
 {
 	pud_t *pud;
 	unsigned long next;
 	int err = 0;
 
-	pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
 	do {
  again:
 		next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
@@ -113,6 +113,32 @@ static int walk_pud_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
 	return err;
 }
 
+static int walk_p4d_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
+			  struct mm_walk *walk)
+{
+	p4d_t *p4d;
+	unsigned long next;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
+	do {
+		next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
+		if (p4d_none_or_clear_bad(p4d)) {
+			if (walk->pte_hole)
+				err = walk->pte_hole(addr, next, walk);
+			if (err)
+				break;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (walk->pmd_entry || walk->pte_entry)
+			err = walk_pud_range(p4d, addr, next, walk);
+		if (err)
+			break;
+	} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
 static int walk_pgd_range(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
 			  struct mm_walk *walk)
 {
@@ -131,7 +157,7 @@ static int walk_pgd_range(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
 			continue;
 		}
 		if (walk->pmd_entry || walk->pte_entry)
-			err = walk_pud_range(pgd, addr, next, walk);
+			err = walk_p4d_range(pgd, addr, next, walk);
 		if (err)
 			break;
 	} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);

mm/pgtable-generic.c

@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ void pgd_clear_bad(pgd_t *pgd)
 	pgd_clear(pgd);
 }
 
+void p4d_clear_bad(p4d_t *p4d)
+{
+	p4d_ERROR(*p4d);
+	p4d_clear(p4d);
+}
+
 void pud_clear_bad(pud_t *pud)
 {
 	pud_ERROR(*pud);

mm/rmap.c

@@ -684,6 +684,7 @@ unsigned long page_address_in_vma(struct page *page, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 pmd_t *mm_find_pmd(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd;
+	p4d_t *p4d;
 	pud_t *pud;
 	pmd_t *pmd = NULL;
 	pmd_t pmde;
@@ -692,7 +693,11 @@ pmd_t *mm_find_pmd(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address)
 	if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
 		goto out;
 
-	pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address);
+	if (!p4d_present(*p4d))
+		goto out;
+
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, address);
 	if (!pud_present(*pud))
 		goto out;
 

mm/sparse-vmemmap.c

@@ -196,9 +196,9 @@ pmd_t * __meminit vmemmap_pmd_populate(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr, int node)
 	return pmd;
 }
 
-pud_t * __meminit vmemmap_pud_populate(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, int node)
+pud_t * __meminit vmemmap_pud_populate(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr, int node)
 {
-	pud_t *pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
+	pud_t *pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
 	if (pud_none(*pud)) {
 		void *p = vmemmap_alloc_block(PAGE_SIZE, node);
 		if (!p)
@@ -208,6 +208,18 @@ pud_t * __meminit vmemmap_pud_populate(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, int node)
 	return pud;
 }
 
+p4d_t * __meminit vmemmap_p4d_populate(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, int node)
+{
+	p4d_t *p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
+	if (p4d_none(*p4d)) {
+		void *p = vmemmap_alloc_block(PAGE_SIZE, node);
+		if (!p)
+			return NULL;
+		p4d_populate(&init_mm, p4d, p);
+	}
+	return p4d;
+}
+
 pgd_t * __meminit vmemmap_pgd_populate(unsigned long addr, int node)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
@@ -225,6 +237,7 @@ int __meminit vmemmap_populate_basepages(unsigned long start,
 {
 	unsigned long addr = start;
 	pgd_t *pgd;
+	p4d_t *p4d;
 	pud_t *pud;
 	pmd_t *pmd;
 	pte_t *pte;
@@ -233,7 +246,10 @@ int __meminit vmemmap_populate_basepages(unsigned long start,
 		pgd = vmemmap_pgd_populate(addr, node);
 		if (!pgd)
 			return -ENOMEM;
-		pud = vmemmap_pud_populate(pgd, addr, node);
+		p4d = vmemmap_p4d_populate(pgd, addr, node);
+		if (!p4d)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		pud = vmemmap_pud_populate(p4d, addr, node);
 		if (!pud)
 			return -ENOMEM;
 		pmd = vmemmap_pmd_populate(pud, addr, node);

mm/swapfile.c

@@ -1517,7 +1517,7 @@ static inline int unuse_pmd_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pud_t *pud,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static inline int unuse_pud_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgd_t *pgd,
+static inline int unuse_pud_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, p4d_t *p4d,
 				unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
 				swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
 {
@@ -1525,7 +1525,7 @@ static inline int unuse_pud_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgd_t *pgd,
 	unsigned long next;
 	int ret;
 
-	pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
 	do {
 		next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
 		if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud))
@@ -1537,6 +1537,26 @@ static inline int unuse_pud_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgd_t *pgd,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static inline int unuse_p4d_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgd_t *pgd,
+				unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
+				swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
+{
+	p4d_t *p4d;
+	unsigned long next;
+	int ret;
+
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
+	do {
+		next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
+		if (p4d_none_or_clear_bad(p4d))
+			continue;
+		ret = unuse_pud_range(vma, p4d, addr, next, entry, page);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int unuse_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 				swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
 {
@@ -1560,7 +1580,7 @@ static int unuse_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 		next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
 		if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd))
 			continue;
-		ret = unuse_pud_range(vma, pgd, addr, next, entry, page);
+		ret = unuse_p4d_range(vma, pgd, addr, next, entry, page);
 		if (ret)
 			return ret;
 	} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);

mm/userfaultfd.c

@@ -128,19 +128,22 @@ static int mfill_zeropage_pte(struct mm_struct *dst_mm,
 static pmd_t *mm_alloc_pmd(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd;
+	p4d_t *p4d;
 	pud_t *pud;
-	pmd_t *pmd = NULL;
 
 	pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address);
-	pud = pud_alloc(mm, pgd, address);
-	if (pud)
-		/*
-		 * Note that we didn't run this because the pmd was
-		 * missing, the *pmd may be already established and in
-		 * turn it may also be a trans_huge_pmd.
-		 */
-		pmd = pmd_alloc(mm, pud, address);
-	return pmd;
+	p4d = p4d_alloc(mm, pgd, address);
+	if (!p4d)
+		return NULL;
+	pud = pud_alloc(mm, p4d, address);
+	if (!pud)
+		return NULL;
+	/*
+	 * Note that we didn't run this because the pmd was
+	 * missing, the *pmd may be already established and in
+	 * turn it may also be a trans_huge_pmd.
+	 */
+	return pmd_alloc(mm, pud, address);
 }
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE

mm/vmalloc.c

@@ -86,12 +86,12 @@ static void vunmap_pmd_range(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
 	} while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
 }
 
-static void vunmap_pud_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
+static void vunmap_pud_range(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
 {
 	pud_t *pud;
 	unsigned long next;
 
-	pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
 	do {
 		next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
 		if (pud_clear_huge(pud))
@@ -102,6 +102,22 @@ static void vunmap_pud_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
 	} while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
 }
 
+static void vunmap_p4d_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
+{
+	p4d_t *p4d;
+	unsigned long next;
+
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
+	do {
+		next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
+		if (p4d_clear_huge(p4d))
+			continue;
+		if (p4d_none_or_clear_bad(p4d))
+			continue;
+		vunmap_pud_range(p4d, addr, next);
+	} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
+}
+
 static void vunmap_page_range(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
 {
 	pgd_t *pgd;
@@ -113,7 +129,7 @@ static void vunmap_page_range(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end)
 		next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
 		if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd))
 			continue;
-		vunmap_pud_range(pgd, addr, next);
+		vunmap_p4d_range(pgd, addr, next);
 	} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
 }
 
@@ -160,13 +176,13 @@ static int vmap_pmd_range(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr,
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int vmap_pud_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
+static int vmap_pud_range(p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr,
 		unsigned long end, pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages, int *nr)
 {
 	pud_t *pud;
 	unsigned long next;
 
-	pud = pud_alloc(&init_mm, pgd, addr);
+	pud = pud_alloc(&init_mm, p4d, addr);
 	if (!pud)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	do {
@@ -177,6 +193,23 @@ static int vmap_pud_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int vmap_p4d_range(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr,
+		unsigned long end, pgprot_t prot, struct page **pages, int *nr)
+{
+	p4d_t *p4d;
+	unsigned long next;
+
+	p4d = p4d_alloc(&init_mm, pgd, addr);
+	if (!p4d)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	do {
+		next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
+		if (vmap_pud_range(p4d, addr, next, prot, pages, nr))
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Set up page tables in kva (addr, end). The ptes shall have prot "prot", and
  * will have pfns corresponding to the "pages" array.
@@ -196,7 +229,7 @@ static int vmap_page_range_noflush(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
 	pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
 	do {
 		next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
-		err = vmap_pud_range(pgd, addr, next, prot, pages, &nr);
+		err = vmap_p4d_range(pgd, addr, next, prot, pages, &nr);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
 	} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
@@ -237,6 +270,10 @@ struct page *vmalloc_to_page(const void *vmalloc_addr)
 	unsigned long addr = (unsigned long) vmalloc_addr;
 	struct page *page = NULL;
 	pgd_t *pgd = pgd_offset_k(addr);
+	p4d_t *p4d;
+	pud_t *pud;
+	pmd_t *pmd;
+	pte_t *ptep, pte;
 
 	/*
 	 * XXX we might need to change this if we add VIRTUAL_BUG_ON for
@@ -244,21 +281,23 @@ struct page *vmalloc_to_page(const void *vmalloc_addr)
 	 */
 	VIRTUAL_BUG_ON(!is_vmalloc_or_module_addr(vmalloc_addr));
 
-	if (!pgd_none(*pgd)) {
-		pud_t *pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
-		if (!pud_none(*pud)) {
-			pmd_t *pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
-			if (!pmd_none(*pmd)) {
-				pte_t *ptep, pte;
-
-				ptep = pte_offset_map(pmd, addr);
-				pte = *ptep;
-				if (pte_present(pte))
-					page = pte_page(pte);
-				pte_unmap(ptep);
-			}
-		}
-	}
+	if (pgd_none(*pgd))
+		return NULL;
+	p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
+	if (p4d_none(*p4d))
+		return NULL;
+	pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
+	if (pud_none(*pud))
+		return NULL;
+	pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
+	if (pmd_none(*pmd))
+		return NULL;
+
+	ptep = pte_offset_map(pmd, addr);
+	pte = *ptep;
+	if (pte_present(pte))
+		page = pte_page(pte);
+	pte_unmap(ptep);
 	return page;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vmalloc_to_page);