memory tier: create CPUless memory tiers after obtaining HMAT info

The current implementation treats emulated memory devices, such as CXL1.1
type3 memory, as normal DRAM when they are emulated as normal memory
(E820_TYPE_RAM).  However, these emulated devices have different
characteristics than traditional DRAM, making it important to distinguish
them.  Thus, we modify the tiered memory initialization process to
introduce a delay specifically for CPUless NUMA nodes.  This delay ensures
that the memory tier initialization for these nodes is deferred until HMAT
information is obtained during the boot process.  Finally, demotion tables
are recalculated at the end.

* late_initcall(memory_tier_late_init);
  Some device drivers may have initialized memory tiers between
  `memory_tier_init()` and `memory_tier_late_init()`, potentially bringing
  online memory nodes and configuring memory tiers.  They should be
  excluded in the late init.

* Handle cases where there is no HMAT when creating memory tiers
  There is a scenario where a CPUless node does not provide HMAT
  information.  If no HMAT is specified, it falls back to using the
  default DRAM tier.

* Introduce another new lock `default_dram_perf_lock` for adist
  calculation In the current implementation, iterating through CPUlist
  nodes requires holding the `memory_tier_lock`.  However,
  `mt_calc_adistance()` will end up trying to acquire the same lock,
  leading to a potential deadlock.  Therefore, we propose introducing a
  standalone `default_dram_perf_lock` to protect `default_dram_perf_*`. 
  This approach not only avoids deadlock but also prevents holding a large
  lock simultaneously.

* Upgrade `set_node_memory_tier` to support additional cases, including
  default DRAM, late CPUless, and hot-plugged initializations.  To cover
  hot-plugged memory nodes, `mt_calc_adistance()` and
  `mt_find_alloc_memory_type()` are moved into `set_node_memory_tier()` to
  handle cases where memtype is not initialized and where HMAT information
  is available.

* Introduce `default_memory_types` for those memory types that are not
  initialized by device drivers.  Because late initialized memory and
  default DRAM memory need to be managed, a default memory type is created
  for storing all memory types that are not initialized by device drivers
  and as a fallback.

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240405000707.2670063-3-horenchuang@bytedance.comSigned-off-by: Ho-Ren (Jack) Chuang <horenchuang@bytedance.com>
Signed-off-by: Hao Xiang <hao.xiang@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com>
Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com>
Cc: Gregory Price <gourry.memverge@gmail.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Ravi Jonnalagadda <ravis.opensrc@micron.com>
Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Vishal Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com>
Cc: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawie.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

mm/memory-tiers.c

@@ -36,6 +36,11 @@ struct node_memory_type_map {
 
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(memory_tier_lock);
 static LIST_HEAD(memory_tiers);
+/*
+ * The list is used to store all memory types that are not created
+ * by a device driver.
+ */
+static LIST_HEAD(default_memory_types);
 static struct node_memory_type_map node_memory_types[MAX_NUMNODES];
 struct memory_dev_type *default_dram_type;
 
@@ -108,6 +113,8 @@ static struct demotion_nodes *node_demotion __read_mostly;
 
 static BLOCKING_NOTIFIER_HEAD(mt_adistance_algorithms);
 
+/* The lock is used to protect `default_dram_perf*` info and nid. */
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(default_dram_perf_lock);
 static bool default_dram_perf_error;
 static struct access_coordinate default_dram_perf;
 static int default_dram_perf_ref_nid = NUMA_NO_NODE;
@@ -505,7 +512,8 @@ static inline void __init_node_memory_type(int node, struct memory_dev_type *mem
 static struct memory_tier *set_node_memory_tier(int node)
 {
 	struct memory_tier *memtier;
-	struct memory_dev_type *memtype;
+	struct memory_dev_type *memtype = default_dram_type;
+	int adist = MEMTIER_ADISTANCE_DRAM;
 	pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(node);
 
 
@@ -514,7 +522,16 @@ static struct memory_tier *set_node_memory_tier(int node)
 	if (!node_state(node, N_MEMORY))
 		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
 
-	__init_node_memory_type(node, default_dram_type);
+	mt_calc_adistance(node, &adist);
+	if (!node_memory_types[node].memtype) {
+		memtype = mt_find_alloc_memory_type(adist, &default_memory_types);
+		if (IS_ERR(memtype)) {
+			memtype = default_dram_type;
+			pr_info("Failed to allocate a memory type. Fall back.\n");
+		}
+	}
+
+	__init_node_memory_type(node, memtype);
 
 	memtype = node_memory_types[node].memtype;
 	node_set(node, memtype->nodes);
@@ -652,6 +669,35 @@ void mt_put_memory_types(struct list_head *memory_types)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mt_put_memory_types);
 
+/*
+ * This is invoked via `late_initcall()` to initialize memory tiers for
+ * CPU-less memory nodes after driver initialization, which is
+ * expected to provide `adistance` algorithms.
+ */
+static int __init memory_tier_late_init(void)
+{
+	int nid;
+
+	guard(mutex)(&memory_tier_lock);
+	for_each_node_state(nid, N_MEMORY) {
+		/*
+		 * Some device drivers may have initialized memory tiers
+		 * between `memory_tier_init()` and `memory_tier_late_init()`,
+		 * potentially bringing online memory nodes and
+		 * configuring memory tiers. Exclude them here.
+		 */
+		if (node_memory_types[nid].memtype)
+			continue;
+
+		set_node_memory_tier(nid);
+	}
+
+	establish_demotion_targets();
+
+	return 0;
+}
+late_initcall(memory_tier_late_init);
+
 static void dump_hmem_attrs(struct access_coordinate *coord, const char *prefix)
 {
 	pr_info(
@@ -663,25 +709,19 @@ static void dump_hmem_attrs(struct access_coordinate *coord, const char *prefix)
 int mt_set_default_dram_perf(int nid, struct access_coordinate *perf,
 			     const char *source)
 {
-	int rc = 0;
-
-	mutex_lock(&memory_tier_lock);
-	if (default_dram_perf_error) {
-		rc = -EIO;
-		goto out;
-	}
+	guard(mutex)(&default_dram_perf_lock);
+	if (default_dram_perf_error)
+		return -EIO;
 
 	if (perf->read_latency + perf->write_latency == 0 ||
-	    perf->read_bandwidth + perf->write_bandwidth == 0) {
-		rc = -EINVAL;
-		goto out;
-	}
+	    perf->read_bandwidth + perf->write_bandwidth == 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
 
 	if (default_dram_perf_ref_nid == NUMA_NO_NODE) {
 		default_dram_perf = *perf;
 		default_dram_perf_ref_nid = nid;
 		default_dram_perf_ref_source = kstrdup(source, GFP_KERNEL);
-		goto out;
+		return 0;
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -709,27 +749,25 @@ int mt_set_default_dram_perf(int nid, struct access_coordinate *perf,
 		pr_info(
 "  disable default DRAM node performance based abstract distance algorithm.\n");
 		default_dram_perf_error = true;
-		rc = -EINVAL;
+		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-out:
-	mutex_unlock(&memory_tier_lock);
-	return rc;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int mt_perf_to_adistance(struct access_coordinate *perf, int *adist)
 {
+	guard(mutex)(&default_dram_perf_lock);
 	if (default_dram_perf_error)
 		return -EIO;
 
-	if (default_dram_perf_ref_nid == NUMA_NO_NODE)
-		return -ENOENT;
-
 	if (perf->read_latency + perf->write_latency == 0 ||
 	    perf->read_bandwidth + perf->write_bandwidth == 0)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	mutex_lock(&memory_tier_lock);
+	if (default_dram_perf_ref_nid == NUMA_NO_NODE)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
 	/*
 	 * The abstract distance of a memory node is in direct proportion to
 	 * its memory latency (read + write) and inversely proportional to its
@@ -742,7 +780,6 @@ int mt_perf_to_adistance(struct access_coordinate *perf, int *adist)
 		(default_dram_perf.read_latency + default_dram_perf.write_latency) *
 		(default_dram_perf.read_bandwidth + default_dram_perf.write_bandwidth) /
 		(perf->read_bandwidth + perf->write_bandwidth);
-	mutex_unlock(&memory_tier_lock);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -855,7 +892,8 @@ static int __init memory_tier_init(void)
 	 * For now we can have 4 faster memory tiers with smaller adistance
 	 * than default DRAM tier.
 	 */
-	default_dram_type = alloc_memory_type(MEMTIER_ADISTANCE_DRAM);
+	default_dram_type = mt_find_alloc_memory_type(MEMTIER_ADISTANCE_DRAM,
+						      &default_memory_types);
 	if (IS_ERR(default_dram_type))
 		panic("%s() failed to allocate default DRAM tier\n", __func__);
 
@@ -865,6 +903,14 @@ static int __init memory_tier_init(void)
 	 * types assigned.
 	 */
 	for_each_node_state(node, N_MEMORY) {
+		if (!node_state(node, N_CPU))
+			/*
+			 * Defer memory tier initialization on
+			 * CPUless numa nodes. These will be initialized
+			 * after firmware and devices are initialized.
+			 */
+			continue;
+
 		memtier = set_node_memory_tier(node);
 		if (IS_ERR(memtier))
 			/*